"Harrier" - VTOL: izici, iminyaka wokusebenza

Ground kuhlasela fighter-webhomu "Harrier" - indiza, okuyinto kuveza e-UK. It ahluke izici kakhulu, kungenzeka ukusuka mpo bese indiza kugucuka kwetakhi. Uhambo lokuqala luzoba kuleli umshini senziwa emuva konyaka nesishiyagalolunye engamakhulu sixtieth futhi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, isetshenziswa amabutho US, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom. Indiza is njalo ngcono, has ukulungiswa eziningana.

Uchungechunge GR-1: incazelo

Eqinisweni, "Harrier" - indiza, okuyinto okokuqala emlandweni zezindiza wakwazi ukwenza ukusuka mpo kanye kokwehla. I sibonelo owokuqala wathatha emoyeni ekwindla ka-1960 ukukhiqizwa serial waqala eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. kwamiswa I isigaba sokuqala e-Air Force eBrithani, ehlanganisa amabili nanye iyunithi izindiza kubhekwe Ngo nesishiyagalolunye ngonyaka ayisithupha nesishiyagalolunye.

Injongo eyinhloko indiza salolu chungechunge - ukusekela Army. Lokhu kungenxa maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nekhono usebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu. Ukuphakama ububanzi, okuyinto ngamakhasimende iyunithi - kwemithathu kuya eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane amakhilomitha. Esikhathini zokwakha zisetshenziswa aluminium, titanium kanye magnesium Alloys. Futhi, ezinye ingxenye izindlu kanye izingxenye eyenziwe izingxenye esiyinhlanganisela futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla ensimbi.

imishini

Warplane Harrier GR-1 ifakwe fuselage nge pair of riveted ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe izixhumi. Ikhala ingxenye kuhlanganisa abanikeze asebenza nabo. umngcele walo ezingemuva egobhoza onqenqemeni ezitshekile, esebenza ukusetha esihlalweni ejection. Amandla kanye izingxenye ahlobene ise emaphakathi fuselage gumbi engangikulo. Front amabili amafutha tank athambekele, ngalinye elikwazi yokuhlala ayikhulu namashumi amathathu amalitha nophethiloli.

Ngenhla yokubeka esemqoka unesinye umthamo ithangi amane namashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu amalitha. Phakathi Imibhobho esemzimbeni 177 isethi-litre umthamo, nangaphansi decompression ingxenye iphiko - e 785 amalitha. Kukhona kungenzeka ukufakwa amathangi ezengeziwe, eqinisekisa izindiza eside ngaphandle refueling.

Izici

indiza Okubukwe ingenye amadivayisi ethandwa kakhulu eqhutshwa e-Air Force United States. I Marine Corps ulisebenzisa njengoba cover kanye nokushaya ngokuhlanganyela kwi Okuqondiwe obekulindelekile. Fighter esigabeni eyinhloko fuselage ifakwe igiya ekhaleni kokwehla. elementi Front kulawulwa yebhangqa amasilinda wokubacindezela, ukuhlinzeka ithuba at degrees amane nanhlanu. I control unit itholakala engxenyeni ezingemuva fuselage.

Whole rotatable umsila fin futhi yakhelwe njengoba isakhiwo ovundlile ejwayelekile. Isikhumba has njengekhekheba lezinyosi, kwelula flight ekulungiseni i-engela degrees ayisithupha nesithupha. Aircraft iphiko kuze kufike esihlokweni fuselage kohlobo okuqhubekayo iqinile ezindaweni eziyisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwephiko ngalinye inamaphuzu amane, eyenzelwe ukufakwa pylons ukulwa izikhali noma ezengeziwe fuel amathangi.

Engine kanye ahlobene amayunithi

US wezempi jet fighter ngaphansi kwegama "Harrier GR-1" sezifakelwe powertrain jet ophephela Rolls Roys Bristol. It inamatsiselwe amaphuzu amane ukuze amapulanka ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi fuselage. umlomo wombhobho Izungezisa kudluliselwa nenjini womoya. Guqula ukubopha futhi uthathe-off wagxila Vector Inkomba - yikhono ukushintsha isimo ndiza degrees esingaphansi ayisishiyagalolunye.

Aircraft ukulungiswa emkhathini simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• ezisebenza compressors ezine, aggregating imbobo nge ekhaleni futhi ingxenye ngumsila;
• Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezintathu ezingasuthi e ugongolo emuva zilawulwa kanye tonnage;
• pair of izingxenye qeda yokulawula siteshi.

jet uhlelo labadubuli icushiwe phakathi ukusuka mpo kanye kokwehla kwimodi yendiza ngesivinini aphansi (motor drive mode umlomo wombhobho degrees amabili noma ngaphezulu).

izici

"Harrier" - ukulwa izimpahla izindiza ochungechungeni lokuqala has nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• Unyaka ka ukwakhiwa - 1969;
• jika / iphiko endaweni - 7700/1868 amamitha;
• obuphelele / ukuphakama - 13,87, 3,43 amamitha;
• isisindo - emihlanu nengxenye amathani;
• nokukhawulela ukusuka isisindo - 11 34 m;
• injini - Pegasus Mk-101 nge wagxila 8160 kg / s;
• izinkomba isivinini (sihamba / seqiwe) - 1185/1360 amakhilomitha ngehora;
• indiza ukuphila ngaphandle refueling - 3700 km;
• ukulwa engaba - eziyinkulungwane nekhulu ezimbili amakhilomitha;
• iqembu - omunye umshayeli;
• umthwalo empini (ubuningi) - 2270.

Harrier fighter-webhomu ukumiswa has ISIZINDA emihlanu, esemgwaqweni ku izikhali ejwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• tridtsatimillimetrovaya isibhamu "Aden";
• ezicitshwayo ezimbili guided AIM-9D;
• ezicitshwayo ezifanayo "umoya-umhlaba ';
• amabhomu cluster, incendiary analogue, amabhomu 450-kilogram;
• nezinye izikhali nezilandiso nge wathi amadivayisi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ingase ifakwe iziqhumane Uhlobo, NUR kwezikhali uhlobo noma ukuvimba ehlakaniphe uhlelo.

Harrier GR-3: i Uhlolojikelele

Fighter multi-purpose sihluke esasisandulele ngcono injini. Take-off wakhe wagxila luphakathi 9753 kg. I fuselage cishe alishintshanga. Fuel ukusetshenziswa kubo bonke amakilasi bezindiza kubhekwe mikhulu, okuyinto ejwayelekile amadivayisi efanayo ne ukusuka mpo.

Imishini njalo umshini Ihlanganisa isimiso esisheshayo ka refueling emoyeni, laser rangefinder uhlobo frontal izinzwa. Ngu fighter izici zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

• enkonzweni - pair of amathathu milimitha inganono "Aden", etholakala ngaphansi fuselage;
• ikhono ukufaka izinhlamvu esisheshayo "Matra";
• sextant nezinamathiselo Ferranti ";
• imishini umsakazo yokwamukela amagagasi ezahlukene.

Esikhathini mans US Marine Corps kubhekwe izindiza nge Eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule divayisi kahle emoyeni isigaba UK naseJalimane. Ngo uchungechunge ukukhiqizwa imoto wachitha cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.

GR-3 ukusebenza izici izindiza

Cabanga imingcele Tactical futhi technical fighter lokushaya:

• Unyaka ukwamukela - 1970;
• ukuphakama / obuphelele - 3 45 / 13.87 m;
• Wing (ububanzi / isikwele) - 7.7 m / 18,68 sq. m;
• thatha-off isisindo ukuze esiphezulu - nanye kanye amathani isigamu;
• ukulwa umthwalo - 2300/3600 kg;
• fuel kwangaphakathi (mass) - amathani 2,29.

Warplane "Harrier GR-3" uyakwazi ukuba bahlakazeka ngesoni esisodwa amawaka, anamakhulu mathathu amakhilomitha ngehora, practical indiza ibanga 3425 km. Amatilosi lisalokhu lakhiwe omunye umshayeli, kungenzeka ukunqotshwa lempi amakhilomitha amahlanu namashumi amabili.

Uchungechunge GR-5

Ngo nesishiyagalolunye ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye unyaka RAF fighters abangu agcwaliswa "Harrier" inguqulo yesihlanu. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela ukuguqulwa odlule kwaba anda izikhali umthwalo futhi ububanzi. Indiza yakhelwe kwesimo endaweni ngendiza kanye nosizo ngqo phansi amabutho. ukusuka Kuqondile kokwehla uhlala ingashintshiwe, njengoba uhlaka umshini.

I-apharathasi kuyinto monoplane cantilever uhlobo, okuyinto ifakwe amaphiko nge ukubekwa high, ibhayisikili chassis odnokilevym umsila trimmings. Lapho edala lokhu imodeli thina ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa izinto oluyinhlanganisela. Wing, uhlobo alahlwayo has a uqweqwe oqine kuze layisha ezibucayi iphrofayli. namaphiko Ukwandiswa kanye endaweni yayo. Lezi zici uquqaba nge ailerons alengayo kuthiwa baphambukile isikhundla ngokulandelana Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

izinguquko ezihlelekile

US kanye ningatholakala British Izindaba ezikulolu chungechunge ziye isakhiwo ngcono iphiko, okwandisa frontal emoyeni ukumelana naso futhi kwenze kunciphisa esiphezulu isivinini indiza. Nokho, lokhu kusimo inxephezelwa ngokushintsha izakhi elihlobene ne-fuselage futhi ilungiselelo isibalo emoyeni.

izingxenye Main yangaphandle wenza graphite, epoxy, aluminium. Ukuvikelwa ngaphansi fuselage kanye indiza phambi somoya kukhona base titanium. Phakathi ukufika igiya isikhala obandayo ibhokisana okhethekile esakhiwa aguqulayo iphaneli cross, fixed emikhulu longitudinal. It ukhonza njengelungu qeda kugqame ngesikhathi ukusuka. Lolu hlelo lwenziwe bavunyelwe kwandisa amandla lift cishe isigamu ton. Cockpit Hawker Siddeley Harrier yakhelwe umshayeli olulodwa, it has air conditioning, izihlalo ephezulu agibele amahhashi Floodlight engezansi.

I-fuel kanye motor uhlelo

A ukuguqulwa samanzi ifakwe iyunithi amandla jet, okuyinto has ukhetho ukushintsha isiqondiso traction vector. Iphuzu static kwi esiphezulu 9870 kg / s. Imisebenzi chetyrehsekundny chopper injini ukusebenza esimweni kokwehla mpo ngaso i lokushisa eliphakeme. I ugibelile-mpilo uhlelo, ukulawula indiza inhlangano uphawu kuthiwa uquqaba ne compressor ezisebenza emoyeni onomfutho.

US kanye ningatholakala British uphawu "Harrier" babe ukugeleza fuel engesiyo ezahlukene okuningi kumanduleli wawo. Ngokwandisa nomthamo amathangi, amathangi ongama amalitha anamane amawaka ngamunye. Futhi kule imodeli inikeza zokuphepha ezengeziwe fuel emoyeni kanye nokwenzeka ukufakwa amathangi ezengeziwe uhlobo okwesikhashana.

Uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe indiza GR-5

Fighter nge pair of izibhamu ventral "Aden" dvadtsatipyatimillimetrovogo osezingeni (izinhlamvu kuhlanganisa amacala ezingamakhulu amabili). Okunye izingalo esisogwini amaphuzu ukumiswa eziningana. Le kit kungafaka amabhomu nezikhali ezicitshwayo ezinhlobo ezehlukene.

Izici:

• Nokuthuma - nesishiyagalolunye ngonyaka ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa;
• Amapharamitha iphiko - ububanzi (9.25 m) / indawo (21.37 sq.);
• obuphelele / ukuphakama - 14.1 / 3.5 m;
• ukulwa load esiphezulu - amathani amane;
• Isisindo izindiza ezingenalutho - amathani 6,25;
• ukulwa engaba - amamitha angamakhulu amahlanu;
• ijubane - 1150 amakhilomitha ngehora;
• uhla esisebenzayo - 3825 km.

Umqeqeshi izindiza yalesi brand anezici efanayo, ngaphandle ukulwa ikhithi egcwele.

Ukuguqulwa GR-7

"Harrier-2" ngaphansi kophawu GR-7 uyisibonelo ezivamile, oyingxenye ye amabutho Great Britain. Umshini ekhiqizwa ndawonye izinkampani waseBrithani nowaseMelika.

nemingcele Technical indiza:

• obuphelele / ukuphakama - 14.53 / 3.55 m;
• jika / Wing Area - 9,25 m / 21,37 sq. m;
• Izinjini --Rolls-Royce-Pegasus Mk-105;
• isisindo esiphezulu ngesikhathi ukusuka - eziyishumi kanye amathani isigamu;
• ukunyakaza esisebenzayo - 15 amakhilomitha lengxenye yesine;
• Amatilosi - umshayeli;
• ukulwa ububanzi - 2.7 km;
• supply fuel - cishe namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye amalitha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza has a pair of "Aden" bebehlome ngezibhamu, eziyisishiyagalolunye hardpoints ngoba izinhlamvu eyengeziwe kanye iziqhumane ngoba imicibisholo evuthayo eqondiswa.

"Harrier GR-9"

Lokhu ukuguqulwa lithole kunezinto ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu ezinkulu kusukela ezazingaphambi kwayo. Uhlelo Enhanced izikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, esiklanyelwe sebentisa tinhlobo letibanti letehlukene ephezulu ukucacisa izikhali osezingeni ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kwakungekho ukubonisana injini enamandla okufanayo-Rolls-Royce ngaphansi inombolo Mk-107.

"Harrier" - indiza, okuyinto ukuguqulwa odlule yakhiwe anezikhali izinhlelo zakamuva kanye nokuvikelwa ukuzivikela, ifakwe i kudeshibhodi kakhulu ulwazi kanye ohlelweni phezu isilinganiselo isixwayiso kokwehla ndawo. Uhambo lokuqala luzoba ku apharathasi okukhulunywa kwenziwa e ayizinkulungwane ezimbili onyakeni wokuqala. Kukhona imishini ukuthuthukiswa double ifakwe hhayi injini enamandla kangaka nge IWP uhlelo.

Izici GR-9

Yona futhi le ndiza has nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• obuphelele / ukuphakama - 14.3 / 5.5 m;
• namaphiko - amamitha eziyisishiyagalolunye;
• iphiko endaweni - amabili nanye imitha square;
• fighter isisindo (ubuningi) - amathani nane;
• traction - 10,75 m;
• umkhawulo ijubane ukuphakama esiphezulu - 1.198 km / h;
• ukulwa ububanzi - amakhilomitha yizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu ayisikhombisa.

Indiza has a standard salokhu ikilasi izikhali namabhomu ngokumisa okubonakalayo isiqondiso nokuhlakanipha izakhiwo ezifana PU NUR.

Ekuphetheni

"Okuhle kunakho izindiza zempi zomhlaba" ukushaya fighter "Harrier" ngokufanelekile kungokwalabo esigabeni. It has a ukusuka mpo kanye kokwehla, has a wekhasi elikhulu indiza ngqo futhi ine inkonzo enhle kakhulu. Uma uyiqhathanisa ne Analogue ezifuywayo "Yak-38". Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi okulingana British of ayizimbangi aphakeme ngezindlela eziningi. Uma sicabangela uchungechunge lokuqala imishini, kwezinye izici "Yak" ukukhuthazela nokushesha. inguqulo ethuthukisiwe indiza British babe cishe akukho mncintiswano phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo ngohlobo izindiza.

Esivuna izindiza kuphinde kwabhekwa ubonisa isithakazelo kuyo amabutho emoyeni eziphambili kakhulu emazweni anjenge Germany, e-United Kingdom nase-United States. Yizinhlobonhlobo, ukuthembeka, izindawo ezinhle futhi high speed - ekutholeni impumelelo fighter "Harrier".