I-Algorithm ekwakheni amatafula weqiniso ezinkulumo ezizwakalayo

Namuhla kuleli phepha, ukwakhiwa kwamatafula eqiniso ezinkulumo ezizwakalayo kuzocatshangelwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngalolu daba, kaningi kukhona izingane zesikole ezidlulisa ukuhlolwa kombuso obumbene kwikhompyutha ye-computer. Eqinisweni, okuthiwa i-Boolean algebra ayinzima uma umuntu eyazi imithetho edingekayo, ukusebenza, nemithetho ekwakheni amatafula weqiniso. Sizobhekana nalezi zinkinga namuhla.

I-algebra ye-Boolean

I-algebra yesigcike isekelwe emibinweni elula enengqondo ehlanganiswa ndawonye ngokusebenza, okwenza izinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-algebra ye-Boolean iqukethe imisebenzi emibili yobunambambili: ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlanganisa (ukuhlangana kanye ne-disjunction, ngokulandelana); Enye engavunyelwe inguquko. Zonke izinkulumo ezilula (izakhi zenkulumo enengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi) thatha enye yamagugu amabili: "1" noma "0", "yeqiniso" noma "amanga", "+" noma "-", ngokulandelana.

I-algebra ye-logic isekelwe ezimbalwa ezilula ezilula:

• Ubuhlobo;
• Ukuxhumana komphakathi;
• Ukwamukela;
• Ukusabalalisa;
• Ukwengeza.

Uma wazi le mithetho kanye nomyalelo wokwenziwa kwemisebenzi, ukwakhiwa kwamatafula eqiniso ezinkulumo ezinengqondo ngeke kubangele noma yikuphi ubunzima. Khumbula ukuthi imisebenzi kufanele ilandelwe ngokulandelana okuqinile: ukuphika, ukubuyabuyelela, ukungezelela, ukulandelana, ukulingana, kuphela ukuya emisebenzini ye-Schiffer bar noma umcibisholo wePirs. Ngendlela, imisebenzi emibili yokugcina ayikho ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kokuqala, uyenze ngendlela ekhona kuyo.

Imithetho yokuhlanganisa itafula

Ukwakha amathebula weqiniso wezinkulumo ezizwakalayo kusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezinengqondo futhi uthole izixazululo zezibonelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinzima. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi kunezinye imithetho zokuhlanganiswa kwazo.

Ukuze udale kahle itafula elinengqondo, kufanele uqale unqume inani lemigqa. Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu? Bala inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezakha inkulumo eyinkimbinkimbi, bese usebenzisa ifomula elula: A = 2 emandleni ka-n. A yinombolo yemigqa etafuleni leqiniso elihlanganiswayo, n iyinombolo yezinguquko ezifaka inkulumo eyinkimbinkimbi enengqondo.

Isibonelo: inkulumo eyinkimbinkimbi iqukethe iziguquko ezintathu (A, B, noC), ngakho-ke lo msulwa kufanele uvuswe emandleni amathathu. Emgqeni weqiniso ohlanganisiwe sizoba nemigqa eyisishiyagalombili. Engeza enye umugqa isihloko sekholomu.

Okulandelayo, sibheke ekuboniseni kwethu futhi sinqume ukuhlelwa kwezinyathelo okumelwe zenziwe. Kungcono ukubeka umyalelo ngepensela (eyodwa, emibili, njalonjalo).

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubala inani lemisebenzi. Inombolo ephumayo yinombolo yamakholomu etafuleni lethu. Qinisekisa ukwengeza amakholomu amaningi njengoba kunemiguquko ekukhulumeni kwakho, ukuze uhlanganise inhlanganisela enokwenzeka yezinguquko.

Bese ugcwalisa isihloko setafula lethu. Ngezansi ubona isibonelo salokhu.

Manje qhubeka ugcwalisa inhlanganisela engenzeka. Ngezinguquko ezimbili kuzoba okulandelayo: 00, 01, 10, 11. Ngezinguquko ezintathu: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111.

Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amaphuzu angenhla agcwalisekile, ungaqhubeka ukubala futhi ugcwalise amaseli asele etafuleni eliphumela.

Isibonelo:

Manje sibheka isibonelo sokwakha ithebula leqiniso lenkulumo enengqondo: inversion A + B * A.

1. Ukubala iziguquko: 2. Inombolo yemigqa: 4 + 1 = 5.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezenzo: ukuguqulwa kokuqala, ukuhlanganiswa kwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwesithathu.
3. Inombolo yamakholomu: 3 + 2 = 5.
4. Siqala ukudweba nokugcwalisa itafula.

Njengomthetho, lo msebenzi uzwakala kanje: "mangaki amanhlanganisela anelisa isimo F = 0" noma "yiziphi izinhlanganisela F = 1". Embuzweni wokuqala impendulo ingu-1, ngomhla wesibili - 00, 01, 11.

Funda ngokucophelela isabelo osinikezwayo. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula kahle le nkinga, kodwa yenza iphutha ngokubhala impendulo. Sibuye futhi, sibheka ukuhleleka kwezenzo:

• Ukunganaki;
• Ukuphindaphinda;
• Ukwengeza.

Injongo

Ukwakha itafula leqiniso kungasiza ukuthola impendulo enkingeni enengqondo enzima. Ukuze ulandele inqubo yokuhlanganisa inkulumo kanye netafula leqiniso ngesimo somsebenzi onengqondo, ungafunda kule ngxenye yendaba.

Ukunikezwa kwamanani amane enombolo A: 1) 7, 2) 6, 3) 5, 4) 4. Ngumuphi kubo okusho ukuthi "ukuguquka (A ngaphansi kuka-6) + (A ngaphansi kuka-5)" kungamanga?

Ikholomu yethu yokuqala izogcwaliswa ngamanani angu-7, 6, 5, 4 kulokhu kulandelana. Kukholomu elilandelayo, kufanele siphendule umbuzo: "Futhi ngaphansi kuka-6?" Ikholomu yesithathu igcwele ngendlela efanayo, kuphela manje siphendula umbuzo: "Futhi ngaphansi kuka-5?"

Hlela ukulandelana kwemisebenzi. Siyakhumbula ukuthi ukuphika kuthatha kuqala ngaphezu kokuzibandakanya. Ngakho-ke, sigcwalisa ikholomu elandelayo ngamagugu ahambisana nesimo esingenalo (A singaphansi kuka-6). Owesine uzophendula umbuzo oyinhloko womsebenzi wethu. Ngezansi ungabona isibonelo sokugcwalisa itafula.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi siphendule izinombolo, inkulumo yamanga izoba ku-A = 5, lokhu kuyimpendulo yesithathu.