EzempiloImithi

"I-Diaskintest": ukubuyekezwa. "I-Diaskintest" ekutholeni isifo sofuba

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba kuyathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe. Izindlela ezindala zithathwa indawo entsha, enembile futhi ephelele. Zingafaka i-diaskintest.

Kuyini?

I-Diaskintest - impendulo efana ne -Mantoux, kodwa izwela kakhulu isifo sofuba somuntu we- mycobacterium. Njengendlela yokusabela kwe-Mantoux, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinganeni, nakuba kwezinye izimo kuboniswa nabantu abadala.

Indlela yokuziphatha iye yaba yintsha. Isikhuthazo ekudalweni kwayo kwakuwukuthi ukusabela kukaMantoux akuzange kunikeze ulwazi olunembile ngama-antibodies okuyinto uhlobo lwe-mycobacteria olukhona emzimbeni (njengoba lunikeza ukuzwela ezincane ezimbili ze-subspecies, i-mycobacteria yamuntu kanye nesifuba).

Okushiwo umjovo cishe amaphesenti angama-90, kanti ukuzwela kwesampula nge-tuberculin akudluli 50. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukutholakala kwemiphumela yamanga nengalungile kuphezulu.

Kudingekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi i-diaskintest iyenziwa kanjani, futhi futhi ukucacisa ukuthi ngubani lo mbuzo oboniswayo.

Inqubo yenziwa kanjani?

I-Diaskintest ngokwayo, okubukezwa kwayo okwamanje kakhulu, ayifani nganoma iyiphi indlela kusukela ekuphenduleni kweMantoux. Isampula kufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-forearm. Inaliti ifakwa ngokungenasikhathi ngamamitha amaningana. Ngemuva kokungeniswa kwesidakamizwa esakhiweni somjovo, i-papule ene-"peel peel" isakhiwe. Ngemva kwesikhashana (ngokuvamile emva kwezinsuku ezimbili) ukuhlolwa kwe-papule eyenziwe kwenziwa.

I-Diaskintest yesifo sofuba iyimpoqo emakamelweni akhethekile noma emakamelweni okulashwa . Kuvinjelwe ukujova ekhaya, kanye nabasebenzi abangakulungeli ngaphandle kwezimo ezidalwa zobuningi. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni emva kwenqubo.

Ukuze unqume imiphumela yocwaningo, hlola ushintsho endaweni lapho i-diaskintest iqhutshwa khona.

Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezinqubo ezithile. Uma kutholakala imiphumela engalungile (ayikho enye indlela ekhonjiswe ngayo), ucwaningo luphindaphindiwe noma luhanjelwe ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ezikhungweni ezikhethekile.

Iziphi izimpawu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenqubo kanye nesimo sempilo?

Indlela yokuhlola

Ngemuva kokuthi i-diaskintest yenziwe, imiphumela ihlolwe ngokukhona kwezinguquko endaweni ye-injection.

Ngokuvamile, indawo ye-hyperemia kufanele ifake endaweni yomjovo. Ukubonakala kwalo kubangelwa ukwehla kwegazi okwenyuka endaweni yomjovo, kanye nokuphendula okwenziwe endaweni yangakini.

Ubukhulu be-papule buxhomeke ekuziphenduleleni kwamagciwane omzimba. Ukukhudlwana kobukhulu be-papule eyakhiwe, kunamandla ekuphenduleni amasosha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, kuncane kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu be-papule yizibonakaliso ezingathandeki, ngoba zibonisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka noma esiphezulu kanye nesabela saso ekusungulweni kwama-antigens angaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-papule eyakhiwe iqhathaniswa nemiphumela yangaphambilini, inquma ukushintshashintsha kwezinguquko. Uma kukhona ukusabela okuhle ku-diaskintest, izithombe nezayizi ze-papule kumele zifaniswe nemiphumela yangaphambilini. Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi esinikeziwe (unyaka kusukela ekuphenduleni kokugcina), umuntu uthintane nesifo sofuba esifo. Kulokhu, ukuqhathaniswa nemiphumela edlule kuyadingeka.

I-diaskintest yesifo sofuba ibhekwa njengokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho nemigomo, uma kunezinqubo ezimbili ezingenhla.

Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela

Singahlulela kanjani ukuthi kukhona ama-antibodies ku-mycobacteria?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Diaskintest kwenziwa ngezinkomba ezimbili: ubomvu endaweni yomjovo nosayizi.

Uma kungekho indawo ye-hyperemia endaweni yokujova, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi noma ngabe inqubo yenzelwe ngokungalungile noma ukuzivikela kunobuthakathaka kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukuphendula ekuphathweni kwama-antigens. Lokhu kuboniswa nangokungabikho kwe-papule endaweni yomjovo.

Uma kukhona i-hyperemia, kanti i-papule encane (kufika ku-4 mm), isistimu ye-immune ebuthakathaka ikwahlulelwa. Umphumela ofanayo ungabuye uthi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-antibodies, kanti imvelo ayikwazi ukubhekana nayo uma ingena kuwo.

Iyini umphumela womuntu onempilo onesifo se-diaskintest? Isivalo saso sisuka ku-4 kuya ku-12 mm, esibonisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokutholakala kwamagciwane okudingekayo.

Uma ngokungazelelwe i-papule emikhulu kune-12 mm isakhiwe endaweni yokujova, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-hyperreactivity yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, i.s. Ngokuphendula ukungeneka kwe-mycobacterium, ukuphendula okubangelwa ukwelashwa kungase kuthuthuke.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imiphumela kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ingahlukahluka komunye nomunye. Kubantu abadala, ngubani othole i-diaskintest, isimiso siyoba sikhulu kakhulu - kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-16 mm. Lesi simo sibonakala ngenxa yokuthi umzimba we-antibodies omuntu omdala ongaphezu kwengane. Ezinye zazo zingenziwa kusebenze phambi kwe-antigenic mimicry - i-antigen ye-mycobacterium ingaziwa njengeprotheni yangaphandle yenye insizakalo, futhi ekuphenduleni lokhu, amanye amaseli angasebenza, okuzoqinisa amandla okusabela okwenziwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukungabi khona kwe-papule noma ubukhulu bayo bungabonisa ukuthi inqubo ayenzanga kahle. Okunye okumele kwenziwe kwenziwe ukucaciswa. Uma umphumela uphindaphindwa (ukuphindaphindiwe okungezansi noma okuhle), ukubonisana kwephthisiatric kubonisiwe.

Iphephandaba elibhekisiwe

Ubani oboniswa ngenqubo?

Lolu cwaningo luyimfuneko kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-17. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indlela eyinhloko yokuhlola isifo sofuba - i-fluorography - ihlotshaniswa nemisebe ye-X ray, engathinta ukuthuthukiswa komzimba wengane. Yingakho okukhethwa kukho kunikezwa ekufakweni kwama-antigens, kunokuba kube ne-irradiation.

Injecting inikezwa izingane cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha emva kokungenwa kwe-BCG yokugoma. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ama-antibodies ama-antigens we-mycobacteria anesikhathi sokwenza, okwenza isifundo sifaneleke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqhuba inqubo yabantu abhalisiwe ne-endocrinologist yesifo sikashukela.

Konke ngaphandle kokuhlukile, i-diaskintest yenziwa uma kunezinguquko eziphawulekayo ku-papule uma kuqhathaniswa nesifundo sangaphambilini (inqubo yenziwa kanye ngonyaka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuqhuba uphenyo kuze kube izikhathi ezingahlelelwe ngu-3).

I-diaskintest enhle ivame ukuqondiswa abantu abakhonza imisho (emajele, amakoloni), ngakho banokuhlola izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.

Izinkomba

I-diaskintest, njenge-Mantoux ukusabela, inqubo ehlolisisa ukuhlolisisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba ebuntwaneni.

Ngokuvamile lo cwaningo luyenziwa ngesisekelo, kodwa kunezinye izinkomba zokubamba okungavamile.

Njengoba lezi zici zokuqala ziyi-turn of the reaction Mantoux, ushintsho oluphawulekayo emapulini akhiwe ngokuqhathaniswa nemiphumela yangaphambilini. Ezinganeni ezinezinyanga ezide (ezingaphezu kwenyanga) kanye nokutholakala komkhuhlane owomile, ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, kuhlanganise ne-diaskintest, kufanele kwenziwe. Isithombe sesifuba (fluorogram) kuleli cala senziwa ngemvume yabazali bomntwana futhi isetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuxilongwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo lubalulekile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela (njengoba lesi sifo senza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-immunodeficiency, kusiza ukungena kwe-pathogen emzimbeni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokutheleleka).

Kudingekile ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okungahloliswanga kwabantwana ababelethwe abazali abanesifo sofuba.

Ukungafani

Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo, i-diaskintest inokuphikisa okunye kokuziphatha. Lokhu kufaka ukuzwela okwenyuka kwezinye izingxenye zomuthi, kanye nokuba khona kwenqubo esebenzayo yokutheleleka endaweni yokucwaninga (i-diaskintest ingalinganiselwe ekusetshenzisweni, ngoba umjovo uyenziwa ngaphambili, lapho isikhumba sincane khona, okuvumela ukubunjwa kwamapulethi. Njalo kungenzeka ukuthola imiphumela edingekayo).

Kukhona nemingcele ethile yobudala. Le nqubo ayenzelwe izinsana nezingane ezingakaqanjwanga ngaphambilini nge-BCG.

Ngokunakekelwa, isifundo senzelwa abantu abane-immunodeficiency, ngoba ukusungulwa kwama-antigens kungabangela impendulo engalungile yomzimba.

Izinzuzo ze-Diaskintest

Njengoba kuyaziwa, i-diaskintest yafika esikhundleni sokuphendula kweMantoux. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi ukusabela kukaMantoux akunikezi imiphumela eqondile ngokuqondene nokubunjwa kwe-antibody ngokumelene nesifo sofuba somuntu we-mycobacterium (sinquma ukuba khona kwama-antibodies ngokumelene nemithi emibili ye-mycobacterium). I-Diaskintest, ukubuyekezwa kwama-phthisiatric mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okuhle kakhulu, kuyinkambinkimbi encane kakhulu egxile, ngoba umuthi ohlungiwe uqukethe ama-antibodies kuphela m. Isifo sofuba.

Kunezimo ezihlukile lapho, ngokulandela umjovo, ukusabela kweMantoux kwakha isifo sofuba esisebenzayo. Esiklweni se-epidemiological, i-diaskintest ivikelekile, ngoba ayiqukethe i-mycobacteria esebenzayo, kodwa kuphela ama-antigens awo akhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-antibody. Ukuphendulela kwamagciwane ngokuzenzakalelayo akukaze kwenzeke ekulawulweni kwezidakamizwa.

Njengoba le nqubo ihluke ekuhloleni okujwayelekile kwesifo se-tuberculin, odade abaningi abaqeqeshiwe bangayenza.

Imibono yeziguli nodokotela

Ngesikhathi esifushane esasisebenzisa i-diaskintest, wathola inani elikhulu lempendulo evela kokubili iziguli nodokotela.

Lapho uhlola iningi lezinkundla lapho iziguli, iziguli zesifo sofuba noma izihlobo zabo ezinikezwe ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana, izibuyekezo ziningi ezimweni ezinhle. Ngokusho kwabantu, inqubo ilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa, ayidingi ukuqeqeshwa kubo.

Odokotela bacabanga ngani ngale ndaba? Abaningi be-phthisiatrians bavame ukuphikisana ngokuthi i-diaskintest iyinkambinkimbi eningi kakhulu kune-reaction Mantoux noma ukuhlolwa kesikhumba sika-Pirke (okwamanje ayisebenzisiwe). Ukucaca okuphezulu kwalesi sidakamizwa kwenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona i-mycobacterium emzimbeni futhi uqale ukwelashwa ngesikhathi. Abantu abaningi bakhuthaza iziguli ukuba zingakhethi u-fluorogram (okuvumela ukuthi sikwazi ukubona kuphela isifo ngokwayo), kodwa sidlulise i-diaskintest. Ukuphawula kodokotela mayelana nale nqubo cishe kulungile, kuphela ingxenye encane yazo ikhetha i-radiography noma i-Mantoux.

Ngingayithola kuphi inqubo?

Uma unokusola ukuthi unesifo sofuba, uvame ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ungaphila. Imicabango enjalo ivame ukuvela ngemuva kokuba i-radiologist ibone isithunzi esithombeni sesiphaphu, noma ukhwehlela isikhathi eside, uzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi uphukile. Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuba khona kwesifo sofuba esisebenzayo, futhi awukwazi ukungabaza ukuxilongwa.

Okokuqala, i-diaskintest ingenziwa ezikoleni ezikhethekile - izifo zesifo sofuba noma i-polyclinics. Ngokuvamile inqubo yenziwa yibo bonke abahola imali, nakuba kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuya lapho nangesiqondisi somuthi wesifunda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuba le nqubo, ungaxhumana nezikhungo zempilo zesifunda (isibonelo, izibhedlela zesifunda) noma ukuhlanza utshwala. Ngokujwayelekile kumele kube khona okungenani oyedwa ophrofethi wesifunda esifundeni ongakwazi ukukuhlola ngokufanele futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolisisa isifo sofuba nge-diaskintest.

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