I-epistemology yi ... Epistemology ngefilosofi

Kulezi zenye imibono nezimfundiso zefilosofi, isintu sesimanje siye sajwayele futhi siyasamukela njengento yangempela. Isibonelo, izigaba ezinjengokuthi "ulwazi", "ukuba" noma "ukuphazamisa", kubonakala sengathi kusengaphambili ukuqinisekiswa nokucaca kahle.

Kodwa-ke, kunezigaba ezimbalwa ezaziwa kakhulu zezimfundiso zefilosofi ezingenasithakazelo kokubili kwazazi zefilosofi zanamuhla kanye nabantu abavamile. Esinye isiqondiso esinjalo yi-epistemology ngokuqondile.

Umqondo womqondo

Incazelo yale nkulumo ebonakala sengathi iyinkimbinkimbi ibonakala kalula esakhiweni sayo solimi. Awudingi ukuba abe ophilologist ovelele ukuze uqonde ukuthi "i-epistemology" Igama elihlanganisa okubili okuyisisekelo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Owokuqala - i-episteme, kusho "ulwazi" njengalokhu. Ingxenye yesibili yaleli gama iyaziwa kakhulu kwesintu sanamuhla. Ukwelashwa okuthandwa kakhulu kwezingxenye zelogos kubhekwa njengelithi "igama", noma kunjalo, ngokweminye imiqondo, incazelo yalo inqunywe ngendlela ehlukile - "ukufundisa."

Ngakho-ke, kungathathwa ukuthi i-epistemology yiyona Isayensi yolwazi olunjalo.

Isisekelo semfundiso

Kulula ukuqonda ngalesi simo ukuthi lesi sigaba sefilosofi sinokufana kakhulu ne-epistemology eyaziwa kakhulu isintu sanamuhla. Abamele bezikole zefilosofi zakudala baze bahlale befuna ukukhomba, kepha uma sicabanga ngalokhu ngombono ozwakalayo, kubonakala ukuthi lokho kungabikho kahle.

Okokuqala, lezi zigaba zesayensi ziyahlukaniswa izikhundla zokutadisha. Izintshisekelo ze-epistemology zihloswe ekuchazeni ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwezinto kanye nesifundo solwazi, kanti i-epistemology Isiyalo somlingiswa wefilosofi nezobuchwepheshe, othanda kakhulu ukuphikiswa nokusebenzisana kolwazi njengalelo nento.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko

Noma yisiphi isiyalo sesayensi noma sokuziphendulela nesayensi esinesithakazelo sayo. Isigaba sefilosofi esisithandayo akuyona into ehlukile kulokhu. I-epistemology yiyona Isayensi, okuhloswe ekutadisheni ulwazi olunjalo. Ngokuyinhloko, isihloko socwaningo lwakhe yiluhlobo lwolwazi, izindlela zokwakheka kwawo kanye nobuhlobo nomqondo wangempela.

Abacwaningi balolu hlobo bazama ukukhomba okuqondile kokuthola, ukukhulisa nokwenza ulwazi. Ukuphila kwalesi senzakalo kuba yinkinga ebalulekile kule ngxenye yefilosofi.

Uhlaka lwezikhathi

Ukuqhubeka nenhloko yokukhomba i-epistemology kanye ne-epistemology, kubalulekile ukuphawula esinye isici, okungukuthi, ukuthi lesi sitholakale sitholakale engqondweni yomuntu ngaphambili. Imibuzo yezemvelo yasuka ngisho nasenkathini yesikhathi esidala, kuyilapho imibono yezemvelo yavela kancane kancane. Njengesibonelo kulokhu, singacacisa imibono kaPlaton mayelana nomqondo weqiniso, owawushukumisela ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesiyalo esithandayo.

Ubudlelwano nokusebenzisana

I-Epistemology nefilosofi (isayensi) ihlobene kakhulu, ngenxa nje yendaba yokuqala. Noma iyiphi ingxenye yezwe langempela noma elihle liyaziwa ngokuqonda, ukuthola ulwazi ngakho. Futhi ulwazi, njengoba kukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, luyinto eyinhloko yentshisekelo ku-epistemology. Okuyinhloko ixhunyiwe ne-gnoseology, okuyinto eyesizathu sokuqokwa kwabo ngabososayensi ngabanye.

I-Epistemology nefilosofi yizesayensi ezihlala zihlangana njalo, zihambisana futhi ziphelelana. Mhlawumbe, yingakho ifilosofi isifikile ezindaweni ezinjalo ngesikhathi sethu.

Okukhethekile kanye jikelele

Njenganoma imuphi omunye umphumela, isiyalo sesithakazelo asikwazi ukuba khona ngokwawo, ngaphandle komongo wezinye izingxenye. Ngakho-ke i-epistemology infilosofi Isiyalo esiyisisekelo kuphela, okuyingxenye encane yomzimba wolwazi lwesayensi.

Ukubunjwa kwalo kwakunzima futhi kunzima kunzima. Ukusuka emuva ezinsukwini zasendulo, i-epistemology yadlula ebuchosheni obukhulu beSikhathi Esiphakathi, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha, kwahlangana nokunye ukukhula, kancane kancane kukhula futhi kufinyelela ifomu eliphambili kakhulu kuze kube yilolu suku.

Izethulo zakudala

Abacwaningi banamuhla bahlukanisa phakathi kwezemvelo nezendabuko. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa nokuphikiswa kusekelwe, okokuqala, umahluko emikhondweni yokufunda ulwazi.

I-epistemology yama-Classical Ngokusekelwe enhlotsheni yezinto eziyisisekelo, nolwazi, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zocwaningo, lihlukanisa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Abalandeli bokuqala be-classical version yalesi sigaba sefilosofi bahlanganisa imibono kanye nemibono esekelwe eminye imibono, izimo zeqiniso langempela. Ulwazi ngaloluhlobo kulula kakhulu ukufakazela noma ukuphikisa, ngokubhekisela ekuhlaziyweni okulula.

Iklasi lesibili lesolwazi lihlanganisa lezo, ukuthembeka, iqiniso lalo elingahambisani nemibono eyisizathu se-epistemological. Ziyabhekwa ekusebenzisaneni, kodwa ungaxhunyeli komunye nomunye.

Ukuxhumana noCharles Darwin

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-epistemology infilosofi Isiyalo esihlukile, esingenakuqhathaniswa nokuxhunyaniswa nakho konke okunye. Ngenxa yemvelo ethile yento kanye nesifundo sokutadisha umngcele, sondela emazweni onke, okubangela ukuboleka okungagcini nje kuphela kwegama lesikhumbuzo, kodwa futhi nesimemezelo esivela kwezinye izayensi.

Ekhuluma ngalesi sigaba sefilosofi, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngakho Lezo zinkimbinkimbi zesayensi njenge-epistemology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngokuvamile, lesi senzakalo sivame ukuhlotshaniswa negama likaCharles R. Popper, owayengomunye wabokuqala ukugxila ebuhlotsheni phakathi kolwazi nolulwimi.

Emisebenzini yakhe yesayensi, umcwaningi wasondela ekutadisheni kolwazi nasekubunjweni kwemibono ngaye ngohlelo lwelimi kusukela ekubukeni kwombono weDarwinian wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukukhethwa kwemvelo.

I-evolutionist epistemology I-Karl R. Popper empeleni, ukuthi izinkinga zayo eziyinhloko kufanele zibhekwe njengenguquko, ukuthuthukiswa kolimi kanye nendima edlala ekubunjweni kolwazi lomuntu njengalokhu. Omunye usosayensi ubiza incazelo yendlela umqondo womuntu okhetha ngayo izici eziyinhloko zokufunda izilimi ezithinta ulwazi lweqiniso.

Olunye uxhumano ne-biology

Lesi sigaba sefilosofi sihlobene ngokuqondile nezinye izindawo ze-biology. Ngokuyinhloko, i-epistemology ye-genetic, eyabhalwa njengomlobi uP. Piaget, isekelwe kwisici sengqondo.

Abacwaningi balesi sikole babheka ulwazi njengendlela yezinhlelo, ezisekelwe ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukeneyo. Ngokuvamile lo mbono umzamo wokuhlanganisa isayensi kanye nedatha okwamanje etholakalayo etholakala ekucwaningweni kwe-experimental overgenetic.

Ulwazi kanye neNhlangano

Kungokwemvelo ukuthi inqwaba yezintshisekelo ze-epistemology ayiqondiswa kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kodwa emphakathini wonke. Ulwazi lwesintu sonke, oludluliselwa kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni, luba yinto esemqoka yokucwaninga kwalesi sayensi.

Ngokuba isilinganiso semininingwane ngabanye kanye neqoqo ikakhulukazi sinesibopho se-epistemology yezenhlalakahle. Isihloko esiyinhloko esithakazelisayo kulokhu kuwukwaziswa kokuhlanganiswa, jikelele. Izinkinga ze-epistemology Izinhlobo ezinjalo zisekelwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifundo zenhlalo kanye nokuqaphela amasiko, inkolo, imibono yesayensi yomphakathi njengaleyo.

Ukungabaza nokuqonda

Isayensi yanamuhla, noma ngabe yini ongayisho, yenza inqwaba yezinkinga ezindaweni ezithile zokuphila komuntu. Yini edingekayo ukuhamba ezindizeni! Ngidinga ukuthi ngeminyaka embalwa nje edlule, indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha yayiphuphuma, kanti ukuhlolwa kwezimo zanamuhla kunganquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini inkinga ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ngokushesha.

Konke lokhu kusekelwe olwazini lwesayensi, olutholakala ngenxa yemikhuba ethile, izivivinyo nezenzo. Empeleni, yonke intuthuko ye technogenic esingayigcina namuhla isekelwe emibonweni ngezimo ezithile.

Yingakho i-epistemology (isayensi ehambisana nayo, esiyicabangile ngenhla) inenani elikhethekile. Ukutadisha izindlela zokwaziswa ngokuqondile kwesayense kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyithakazelisayo kusukela ekubukeni kwalesi sigaba sefilosofi, ngoba yibo (izindlela zalolu hlobo) ezixosha abantu phambili.

Epistemology yanamuhla Iqhubeka njalo, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isayensi. I-spectrum yezintshisekelo zakhe ziba zikhulu, iziphetho ezithathwe njengomphumela wesisekelo esikhulu sokuhlola ziba zicacile. Ukujula nokujulile ukuzwisisa ulwazi njengomuntu, izici zalo, izinkambiso kanye nezinqubo zesenzo. Izwe esiphila kuyo liyaziwa ngokwengeziwe ngomuntu ...