I ezindawo indawo yakwa-Israyeli. Imingcele Israyeli, insimu, nesimo sendawo, imvelo

Israyeli iyizwe e okuyinto nomuzwa wethonya amasiko eziningana nezinkolo, futhi kungenziwa wezwa emigwaqweni yokukhuluma wezilimi eziningi. IBhayibheli ngokwalo ongamtshela ngomlando ocebile, okuyinto athuthukiswe phezu zeminyaka eziningana. Futhi zonke ngoba lokho izenzakalo eshiya izibazi indawo ka-Israyeli kwendawo. Ngobukhulu kuleli zwe wezwa ubuhlungu obungakanani lapho ukuvakashela izingosi zomlando izindawo ezingcwele, ofakwe isimo ngokuvumelana nengokomoya.

Isihloko ezocatshangelwa by indawo kanye endaweni ka-Israyeli futhi imingcele yayo namanye amazwe, idatha Geological futhi lokuhlola amanzi, kanye izici of izitshalo zendawo ezilwaneni nasezimileni.

Indawo kumephu emhlabeni

UMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli emhlabeni, esibizwa eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lena i-republic ephalamende eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, ogwini empumalanga yoLwandle LwaseMedithera. Uma ubheka ibalazwe emhlabeni, izixhumanisi okunembile Israyeli - 34 ° 45 'longitude nasempumalanga 31 ° 30' enyakatho yenkabazwe.

Imingcele kanye endaweni

Israyeli ndawonye ne emazweni amaningana. Ngezinye walo enyakatho - ne Lebanon, enyakatho-esempumalanga - neSiriya, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - ne eGaza Strip kanye Egypt empumalanga - ne neJordani endaweni esentshonalanga yoMfula iJordani.

Ubude umngcele izwe amakhilomitha angaba ngamakhulu nanye. Idatha eningi olunembile, Isimanga siwukuthi, kungukuthi kuchazwa ngumbuso Israeli. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuze kube yilolu suku, izwe akakwazi ukuxazulula umngcele olusemthethweni neSiriya naseLebanon. Ngakho-ke, basuke cishe ihlukaniswe "sici reticle lomlilo" futhi "Blue Line."

imingcele esentshonalanga ye-Israyeli ahambe ngasoLwandle LwaseMedithera, eseningizimu - uLwandle Olubomvu, futhi esifundeni esisempumalanga elisemngceleni engcwele eMfuleni iJordani, lapho uJesu ebhapathizwa esisodwa. Ugu kuyinto 273 amakhilomitha. Iningi akhawunti yoLwandle LwaseMedithera, futhi nengxenye encane kakhulu ihlanganisa loLwandle Olubomvu (amakhilomitha nambili nje).

Inani endaweni yakwa-Israyeli, kuhlanganise yasePalestina Authority, kuyinto 27.800 amakhilomitha square. Futhi 6220 wabo matasa eJudiya, eSamariya futhi eGaza Strip, okuye wabophula ngenxa ezempi ngo-1967. Empumalanga, endaweni uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli kuyingxenye yoLwandle Olufile (cishe eziyinkulungwane amakhilomitha square). It is okunosawoti echibini ivaliwe, ukujula esiphezulu kuyinto 378 metres.

indawo esimweni

endaweni lesilinganisiwe insimu ka-Israyeli ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili amakhilomitha square, zazo ukuwa lemine phezu kwamanzi uma uya phakathi nezwe. Area yezwe osuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho, kusukela Eilat ukuba Metulla zokuhlala ukuze 424 amakhilomitha. Kusukela empumalanga kuya ibanga entshonalanga iphuzu encane kuyinto 15 amakhilomitha, futhi kabanzi kunazo ifinyelela 114 amakhilomitha.

Kuze kube manje, Israyeli engene East eJerusalema 70 skwele, 1.150 amakhilomitha square we Golan Heights, futhi 5879 amakhilomitha-skwele eWest Bank. Leli lungiselelo elithinta ukuphila isimo, ngakho-ke inezici ayo ulimi nohlobo lwemali.

Ulimi Israyeli

Namuhla, lezo zilimi ezisemthethweni kuleli zwe abhekwa Arabhu nesiHebheru. Kodwa lapha kaningi kakhulu ukukhuluma isiRashiya, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi kanye iSpanishi.

Ekuqaleni, ulimi abantu bamaJuda kwaba isiHebheru. Kukholakala ukuthi ephethwe i-Adamu no-Eva. Kulesi lwesigodi iningi iTestamente Elidala YasoLwandle Olufile zalotshwa. Sonke lesi sikhathi ulimi Israyeli ishintshile ngaphansi kwethonya emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngakho-ke ezahlukeneyo zalo ziye zavela (isib Western Europe, Yemen, isiJalimane kanye Muslim).

Nokho, ngekhulu lesibili, amaJuda ashushiswa amaRoma, isiHebheru ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo njengoba olimini olukhulunywayo. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kuphela wabhala izinkondlo kanye wemibhalo yenkolo, bese uba zakudala. Kodwa ngemva isiHebheru kancane kancane savuka ekuthatheni isinyathelo a Zionist owaphila Empire Russian.

Israyeli imali

Namuhla, lwemali isimo olusemthethweni ubhekwa ngeshekeli entsha Israeli. Unamandla okuxazulula noma eziyikhulu penny ngamunye. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye amayunithi malini, NIS - US dollar 0,29, noma 16,96 of the ruble Russian.

Lwemali esetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kulo lonke izwe. Kodwa ke ayenzelwe lendlu ihlelo lwemali, futhi isisindo igolide noma isiliva, okuyinto ziba igugu kakhulu. Ngo-1985, lolu hlobo lwemali uye yehliswa eziyinkulungwane izikhathi. Lezi zinhlamvu ekhona futhi imali yamaphepha ushintshe ukubukeka futhi wabizwa izinhlamvu zamagama isiHebheru. Futhi kukhona amashekeli entsha. Namuhla, imali ka-Israyeli abe omhlaba jikelele nekhodi convertible ngokukhululekile lube ezinye izinhlobo zemali.

division zokuphatha

State of Israyeli ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda zokuphatha, ababiziweyo mehozotami. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange eziyisithupha: Central, eJerusalema, Haifa, Tel Aviv, iNyakatho neNingizimu. izifunda zokuphatha zihlukaniswe nanhlanu sub-izifunda, ngokuthi nafotami ngokulandelana. Bangathembela amahlanu subokrugov ezimele.

idolobha elikhulu futhi abasha endaweni iseJerusalema Beit Shemeshi. Ezikhathini zeBhayibheli kwampompoza indlela kusuka izintaba zaseJudiya ukuze Ierusalima.Tel Aviv iyisikhungo commercial nezezimboni, ezamasiko kanye ibhizinisi yenhloko-dolobha. Indawo olunothile kakhulu ubhekwa Haifa, esemgwaqweni emithambekeni ye Ukhahlamba engcwele waseKarmeli.

Israyeli ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe maphakathi kweJerusalema. Kulesi endaweni engcwele, uvula izenzakalo eyinhloko ekuphileni kukaKristu. Kuyinto futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo esimweni nendawo ethize 126 amakhilomitha square. EJerusalema, inabantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. Sebebonke ka-Israyeli kakhulu cishe bungamakhilomitha izigidi.

Israyeli impumuzo

Ukwabelana lokhu ezweni izintaba ezimbili, futhi lokhu kuphumela ezintathu oluhluke ngokuphelele endaweni impumuzo.

1 Rift Valley. Njengoba uvame ukubizwa kanjalo Jordan emva umfula ogeleza lapha. Kuyinto ngalo ingaphakathi esiyingqayizivele, obhekisela iphutha Geological yaseSiriya zone elikhulu lase-Afrika. Lihlanganisa eSigodini SaseJordani, eHula, eJizreyeli, nomcengezi Olufile futhi Wadi al-Arab, okuyinto isixhumanisi baze bafika eLwandle Olubomvu.

2. Intaba zone. Eilat elisukela bay ezintabeni Lebanese. Le ndawo kungabuye yizinqamu ezintathu. Ngo Eningizimu esezinkangala ka laseningizimu ehlane, enyakatho - uGalileo, futhi phakathi nendawo - Central Highlands, okubandakanya eSamariya, naseJudiya, nangaphesheya Shfela. Uma uyinaka izici sezwe ka-Israyeli kulo mkhakha, singabona ukuthi liyophuma ngobumnene entshonalanga, ukwakha lonke uchungechunge amagquma cishe amamitha angamakhulu nane namakhulu amabili namashumi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Engxenyeni esempumalanga sezintaba wezwe kukhona steeper futhi emaweni, abanye ngisho ukufinyelela 1.3 amakhilomitha.

3. emathafeni asogwini. Iqala isiqeshana ewumngcingo emngceleni Lebanese afinyelela eGibithe zinqamule laseningizimu ehlane. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kule ndawo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu. Esogwini olusenyakatho futhi Zapadnogalileyskoe sakwaZebhulon Valley. Engxenyeni eseningizimu zone Maritime emelelwa ogwini Mediterranean, okubandakanya laseningizimu bamaJuda nokukhipha kwakhe ethafeni. Ngo imaphakathi ngokufanele iKarmeli Valley ogwini nasethafeni laseSharoni (Sharon).

Ukuze ewumngcingo sandy beach itholakala ewumdweshu evundile, okuyinto ziphathwa yi bendawo. Yingakho kule ndawo bagxila iningi labantu bakwa-Israyeli. On elisogwini kuyizinto eziyinhloko port zokuhlala Tel Aviv, e-Ashidodi, Haifa kanye nesethi core ukulima kanye yezimboni isimo.

sici geological

Izwe ikakhulu siqukethe kwamadwala Mesozoic, eziphathelene uhlelo ephakeme kanye quaternary. I obanzi kunayo ezifakwa Cretaceous Upper, okuyinto amelwa dolomite limestone kanye Marl. Zoolity futhi sandstones senziwe ithafa Gileleya futhi endaweni engasogwini. Enyakatho kukhona ezifakwa enkulukazi wokulinganisa, zazo kwakheka emihumeni sakwaRoshe Hanikra. Kodwa isimo sendawo Israyeli esigodini saseJordani kuyinto cluster ezahlukene anesihlabathi zokwakheka enamandla.

Zogqinsi limestone wageza kalula kude eziningi amanzi wendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulezi zindawo kabanzi athuthukile izinqubo Karst. Caves, kwakhiwa ezilwaneni amanzi-encibilikayo, ama-Israyeli amaningi. Nokho, ukuvakashela omunye evulekile kuphela - Avshalom. Futhi kukhona eminingi elincane elamiswa ngokwemvelo, okuyizindawo ezaziwa emlandweni lisetshenzisiwe izimpahla, ukufihla izindawo amazwe nokuhlangana nabanye.

ezweni lakwa-Israyeli

Isikhombi indawo ka-Israyeli babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu ukuhlukahluka phansi amatshe. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, ehlanganisa ugu entabeni nemithambeka, nenhlabathi brown ocebile, okuyizinto sici for izifunda ezomile esihle. Ensimini ka ezindaweni empumalanga ne-central focus entabeni emhlabeni grey ansundu. Eningizimu, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo nakwezifudumele ehlane nenhlabathi.

Kwezinye izindawo laseningizimu enyakatho kwakhiwa ukukhanya yellow loess evundile. Ngo ugu humus okuqukethwe zokhahlamba kusuka 0.75% 2.4% ngesikhathi phezu ukujula, ngokulandelana. Ground laseningizimu eningizimu yakhiwa egwadle futhi sandstone, kanye nekhava elizweni leGalili - kusukela e-limestone. Ikhava Inhlabathi engekho kuphela kwezinye ehlane futhi entabeni izindawo.

Hydrography

Uma sibheka lapho u-Israyeli, ungase ubone ukuthi uphikise isikhundla lokuhlola amanzi. izinqolobane amanzi ahlanzekile kulinganiselwa ngaso 1.8 billion cubic metres ngonyaka. Kulawa, 1100 livela imithombo encane nemifula, 320 - esifundeni Israeli saseJordani, futhi 200 - okushiya eMfuleni Yarkon.

Futhi, amanzi ahlanzekile kuveza ehlambulula indle nokucubungula asolwandle. Kwesigubhu main yezwe iyona oLwandle LwaseGalile. Kusukela kuye ngemva Rosh ha-Ayin emanzini Yarkon-laseningizimu kuyinto obuphelele ingqikithi 250 amakhilomitha.

Entshonalanga emfuleni yezwe basonta Basin iMedithera. Kukhona abaningi, futhi iningi lazo nje bome kule sizini hot. imingcele Eastern ka-Israyeli angamakhosi undrained. Umfula njalo ingxenye enkulu yezwe ubhekwa eJordani. Ngenxa imishini wokubacindezela kuba amasheya cishe enjalo. Okukhishwayo kuphela izikhukhula iDemo. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kukhona oLwandle LwaseGalile. Kuyinto usawoti kancane, kodwa namanje ezifanele ukusetshenziswa, futhi ecebile izinhlanzi.

izimo zezulu

Israyeli - ngempela izwe elincane, kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana esishintshashintshayo kakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ehlukile yesimo sezulu, okuyinto buyehluka kuye izindawo esifundeni. izindawo Intaba zinezikhathi a ehlobo sasivumela kanti afudumele ebusika. Izindawo ogwini libhekene nobusika obungabandi ehlobo ezinomswakama. Futhi eSigodini SaseJordani kuyinto Ubusika sikahle futhi simnandi, kodwa ehlobo kushisa kakhulu futhi omile. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo alichaza sezwe nzima nethafa ezonini empumalanga kanye ukusondela kolwandle ngasentshonalanga.

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo Israyeli kuthinta isimo sezulu. Empeleni, kuleli zwe has a sezulu nakwezifudumele. Winter ngempela cool nemvula. Air ngoJanuwari ngokuvamile sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kufinyelele 9-22 degrees. Ubuningi imvula ngo-December - February, iqhwa uwela akuvamile, bese kuphela ezintabeni.

Summer e Israyeli ihlala kusuka April kuya November. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi ezomile futhi efudumele. Emoyeni sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kufinyelele 30-38 degrees. Kodwa ngenxa umswakama ezahlukene kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene lokushisa kusolakala ehlukile. Isici esiphawulekayo neminyaka ikhule ezimbotsheni Israeli babe imimoya sultry esiqedayo. Amanzi yoLwandle Olufile ngokuvamile ukuxoxa nabo degrees 30 ngo-Agasti, futhi 25 - ngo-February.

Flora

Israyeli Nature wehlukile kakhulu. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameleli Sahara kanye Arabian, Iranian-Turan futhi kule ndawo yaseMediterranean. Izitshalo yezwe okwethulwa 2600 zilwane, 150 zazo zingatholakala kuphela Israyeli futhi kwenye indawo emhlabeni.

Umuthi we-oki okusakazekile, emhlophe, nemikhiwane, umnqumo, nemisayipuresi, umfire, Nemisikhamori, nombomvana futhi carob. Abantu bendawo engatshala zikagamthilini, umtholo kanye Alpine zikaphayini ezonini ihlathi. Ukuze Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni esetshenziswa Casuarina, ephistakhiyo, Ficus, Oeander futhi komthamariske. Ngokusho indawo lezi zitshalo, ungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuphi ekupheleni Israyeli nemikhawulo yalo.

nezilwane

nezilwane Israyeli sika umelwe zinhlobo 100 ezincelisayo, 500 zezinyoni nezinhlobo 100 ezihuquzelayo nge. Ngaphambili nezilwane kwaba acebile. Kusukela lezi zindawo ingonyama wanyamalala, bear yaseSiriya, yaseNayile enamandla, Oryx, namaBerber imvu, onager, izinyamazane yifusi futhi isikhova. Kodwa namanje lapho kutholakala dromedary, imvu Barbary, imbuzi Nubian, nensephe, izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye Oryx.

Futhi, isimo lwezilwane Israyeli emelelwa ixhaphozi nezwe izimfudu. Alexander kuphela emfuleni iNayile zingatholakala zinhlobo myagkokozhie. Futhi iyikhaya lenyoka yasePalestina, EFA, boa, amanzi inyoka, black snake nezimagqabhagqabha psevdovipera. Ubude bangathembela 30 zezinyoka, 8 zazo zinobuthi.

I ukoma isihlobo sezulu kukhawulela eziningana zezinto eziphilayo of izilwane zasemhlabeni. Basuke lapha wethule Fire intulo, banded Newt, lonwabu, ezivamile isihlahla Ukhala spadefoot yaseSiriya iselesele kanye oluhlaza.

Kafushane, indawo yakwa-Israyeli kusinikeza amathuba amaningi kuleli zwe. Ikakhulukazi lapha abathanda ukuhamba isihambi ngenxa zokungcebeleka iMedithera, Dead futhi ulwandle olubomvu.