I Lisbon sivumelwano

I-EU, njengoba isikhungo ngobukhulu zezombusazwe, has ukubunjwa yayo kuze kube-27. Nokho, ngo-2004, lapho kwakugcwele emazweni angu-25 kuphela, sesiye unmanageable futhi aqala ukuphelelwa uhlamvu entandweni yeningi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwakukhona umbuzo yamukele uMthethosisekelo-European Union. Eminyakeni ethile yentuthuko abahlinzeke umthetho yeningi kakhulu, okuyinto kwadingeka kamuva ukuze lisayinwe yibo bonke emazweni iqhaza. Kepha ngemvume uthi 18 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, iningi kwemibandela yomthetho kwakudingekile ukuba noma ukuqeda noma ukuchibiyela.

Idokodo entsha ku izinguquko kwadingeka igama "Lisbon Treaty" Kusukela lapho, wasebenzisa igama elithi "uMthethosisekelo" futhi sasayinwa ngoDisemba 13 2007 e -dolobha isiPutukezi yibo bonke amabili nesikhombisa angamalungu e- isakhiwo se-European Union. Ngakho, lesi sivumelwano uzathatha indawo soMthethosisekelo endala European Union ne-European Union kwadingeka inhloso sokupheleliswa kwezinto of ukuphathwa uhlelo, futhi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukusebenza EU ku engamashumi amabili ezayo.

  Lisbon Treaty waqinisa ibhalansi phakathi izithakazelo kanye nezinhloso emazweni angamalungu e-EU, kanjalo abanike, isimo yakamuva ye "unamandla amakhulu."

Umbhalo lesi sivumelwano ulilethele ushintsho eziyisisekelo imibhalo ezintathu we-European Union: iSivumelwano eRoma, Maastricht futhi iSivumelwano amandla enuzi. Isisekelo esingokomthetho-Union ishintsha izenzo ezimbili: Teu futhi TFEU, bobabili kufanele amandla zomthetho alinganayo.

DES kuhlanganisa imigomo esemqoka kanye nezinhloso, izisekelo nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano EU. Kuyo, uchaza izindlela lamazwe iqhaza wokubambisana, kanye zaveza yinqubomgomo amazwe Union kanye nenqubomgomo yokuphepha. TFEU ucabangela isiqondiso inqubomgomo EU, inkululeko yalo, ubulungiswa kanye nokuvikeleka, kanye uhlelo yokulawulwa kwezimboni ubudlelwane angaphandle kanye ezezimali.

  ISivumelwano Lisbon enezinamba ezingaphezu Izivumelwano, okuyinto ayingxenye ebalulekile yesivumelwano esemqoka. Ngakho, bamsola ukucacisa izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga nezivumelwano, isikhundla noma ukuma emazweni athile ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sivumelwano codifies isimiso temakhono, okungukuthi, i-European Union alinalo ilungelo okungaphezu ngamakhono wamnika emazweni iqhaza.

I Lisbon Treaty futhi ihlinzeka elawula uhlelo ezintathu-level EU, esakhiwa izikhungo ukuthi abanegunya kanye neminye imigwamanda zidalwe ngesisekelo izinqumo kwezinhlangano, kanye nezikhungo okuthiwa.

Amaziko kwanezelwa izakhiwo ezimbili: uMkhandlu yisona sakhiwo esiphezulu kwamandla ezombusazwe, kanye nase-Central Bank. UMkhandlu has a umengameli ngubani likhethwa iminyaka emibili nengxenye, kanye EU High omele for Security Policy futhi Foreign Affairs. Inani lamalungu eBhodi of amaphini ngeke sidlule ayisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu nanye.

I Lisbon Treaty sibeka ukuthi amazwe amathathu zakha okuthiwa LoMengameli loMkhandlu, uyimise ngendlela ithatha ku 18mesyatsev.

States Amaphathi liyoba nelungelo ukungena ezivumelwaneni bodwa, esimweni lapho ingangqubuzani izivumelwano ukuthi Ukhishiwe futhi EU awakwazi ukudlula enekhono.

Ngakho, Lisbon Isentha ekwenzele EU ukuhlonza baphishekele inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye nokuvikeleka, kuhlanganise ziphathelene ukusebenza emakethe yangaphakathi kanye namasiko union, kwezomnotho, indawo futhi commercial inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EU unelungelo ukubhekana nezindaba energy, komthetho, ezokuthutha, imvelo kanye nempilo kanye nezinye izindaba eziningi. EU uyavuma ukunikeza usizo nokusekelwa bonke States iqhaza emkhakheni wezemfundo, kwezamasiko, kwezokuvakasha kanye imithi.