I-syndicate i ... Incazelo yegama elithi "syndicate"

I-syndicate iyinhlangano yabanomabhizinisi, ephakathi, kuwo wonke amalungu, athenge izinto ezibonakalayo futhi athengise imikhiqizo. Zonke izinkampani-abahlanganyeli be-syndicate bahlala bezimele ezindabeni zokukhiqiza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo banokuthembela kwezohwebo.

Incazelo yegama elithi "union"

Igama elithi "syndicate" linezincazelo eziningi. Esikhathini esidlule, ama-syndicate asho noma yikuphi ukusebenzisana okwakhiwa ubunye bezinto ezibonakalayo zabahlanganyeli futhi abengeyona inamba yemiphakathi ejwayelekile, umphakathi noma izimboni. ERussia, ama-syndicates asakazeka ngasekuqaleni kwe-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX, kodwa athola ukuthandwa kakhulu eFrance, lapho kwakukhona khona izinhlangano zomabhizinisi nezomsebenzi.

Uma sikhuluma ngamanye amazwe, i-syndicate ingenye yezinyunyana zabasebenzi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihloswe ekufezeni inzuzo yenzalo kubo bonke abahlanganyeli, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe kokuthengisa kwemikhiqizo yabo nokuthenga izinto ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza. Ngalokhu, igama elithi "syndicate" liwumqondo wamazwe omhlaba.

Izimbangela zokubunjwa kwamandla amakhulu, amathemba, ama-cartels kanye nama-syndicates

ERussia, ukugqugquzelwa kokudalwa kwamandla omhlaba kanye nokuguqula imperialism kwakuyizinkinga zomhlaba emnothweni we-1900-1903. Le nkinga yayinomthelela kakhulu, ngoba ukuphakama okwedlule kwadalwa ngezinga elithile. Ngenxa yokuthi leli zwe lalibuswa yinhloko-dolobha yangaphandle, kwakukhona ukuntuleka okukhulu kwemali. Ngokuphathelene nalolu daba, abakwa-Western capitalist baqala ukuhoxisa izimali zabo ezweni. Amabhange aseRussia phakathi nalesi sikhathi avaliwe imali, ngaleyo ndlela abeke abathuthumayo ezimweni ezinzima ukuthengiswa.

I-Monopoly njengendlela yokubhekana nale nkinga

Ngaphandle kwesikolodo, izitshalo zokwakha imishini azikwazanga ukuthenga i-ore, insimbi, njalo njalo. Imikhiqizo yayigcinwe ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, amafemu amisiwe, ngoba ayengakwazi ukuthengisa umkhiqizo nokuthengwa kwamafutha kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokuqhubeka kokukhiqiza. Ubuhlobo bezohwebo phakathi kwamabhizinisi ngaphandle kwekhredithi kwaphela. Yingakho lezi zithimba zaqala ukwakha. Imbonini yegatsha ngalinye emaqenjini yaqala ukuxoxa ngezinkinga zokulwa nesimo esinzima sezomnotho emhlabeni.

Futhi njengenye yezindlela eziphuma kule nkinga kuphakanyisiwe isinqumo sokusebenzisa inhlangano yokuthengisa kwemikhiqizo nokwakhiwa kwezinhlangano ezivamile zokuhweba, okungukuthi, izivumelwano. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulawula amanani nokulawula imakethe. I-monopolies eRussia yayinesimo sezinhlangano. I-syndicate yindlela ephansi kunazo zonke yokuzimela, ngoba kulokhu akuyona ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene, kodwa kuphela ukudayiswa komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuhlela kune-trust. Izakhamuzi zanele ukuhlangana nokuvumelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bahlala bengabanikazi bamabhizinisi abo ngaphakathi kwe-syndicate, kanti ithemba livela esikhathini sokuncintisana kwesikhathi eside, lapho enye yezinkampani ichitha abaphikisana nayo.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wezinhlangano ezivela kwezinye izinhlangano zebhizinisi

Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwezivumelwano nezinye izinhlangano zebhizinisi, umuntu kufanele ahlaziye imigomo yemfundo yakhe nemisebenzi esemqoka. Ama-trusts kanye nama-cartels adalwe, njengombuso, ngalabo osomabhizinisi ababebandakanyeke ekukhiqizeni izimpahla. Imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezinjalo yayihlose ukulawula umthamo wokukhiqiza, imikhiqizo yokuthengisa kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Inhloso eyinhloko yezenzo zabo kwakuwukuvimbela ngokweqile ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yezinhlangano ezihlangene.

Ama-trade union unikeza, kuqala, izinhlangano zezinhlangano ezisebenza emikhakheni efanayo. Lezi yizinyunyana zabathengisi beqembu elilodwa lezimpahla. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlangano ezinjalo zihlanganisa amabhizinisi amakhulu okuncintisana ukuze kufezwe izinga eliphezulu lokuzuza kwebhizinisi labo. Ithuluzi eliyinhloko abasebenzisa kwakuyisimiso somthethonqubo wamanani. Ihlangene eRussia, nakwamanye amazwe, afuna ukubeka izimboni kanye nezimakethe ezifanele ngaphezu kwamathenda nama-cartels.

Izinhlobo zama-syndicates eRussia

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zama-syndicate ezisebenza eRussia, ikakhulukazi lezo zinto-izinyunyana zabasebenzi ezihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa okuqhubekayo kwesigaba somkhiqizo othize. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igama elithi "syndicate" alizange lisetshenziswe esihlokweni ngokwaso. Ukudalwa kwezinhlangano ngezinga lokuhlanganiswa kungahlukaniswa ngamazinyunyana amabhizinisi adalwe ukufeza noma yimaphi imigomo elinganiselwe, kanye namathemba kanye nezivumelwano.

Ngokuqondene nomhlaba, ama-syndicates eRussia ayehlukaniswe abe yendawo nendawo kazwelonke. I-monopolies yokuqala eRussia yavela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ekhulwini le-19. Kodwa isakhiwo senhlangano yabangane ngaleso sikhathi sasingaphelele. Ama-Cartels kanye nama-syndicates, ngokuvamile, aphethwe yizinkomfa zabakhiqizi kanye nabalimi, lapho okwakukhona khona izivumelwano eziningi eziphathelene nokubunjwa kwezinhlangano.

Ifomu lokuqala lokuzimela

Isivumelwano seCartel kwaba yindlela yokuqala yokusekela nokusebenza ngokuzimela. I-cartel iyinkontileka phakathi kwezinhlangano ezizimele zomthetho nezokuthengisa ezilawula izinqubomgomo zamanani futhi zihlukanise imakethe. Kulesi simo, izinhlangano ezinkulu ngokwanele zingena esivumelwaneni somthetho ezinamabhizinisi afanayo.

Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi isivumelwano se-cartel njengendlela yokuzimela ebonakala sengathi sinamandla kakhulu. Futhi manje kunenani elikhulu lamakholili angakahleleki nakwezomthetho kulesi sigaba sokungenisa ngaphakathi-ukungenisa. I-syndicate yinye ifomu ejwayelekile lapho kwakukhona khona imali enkulu. Kulezi zinyunyana zimelelwa isivumelwano, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izithibelo ezibekwa phezu kobukhosi nokuzimela kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona into enjengeqembu lobugebengu, okungukuthi, inhlangano engekho emthethweni noma engahlelekile yabomabhizinisi namabhizinisi.