I ukuzala iyahluka kwenye asexual. zizalela Izici

Omunye amakhono esemqoka sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kuyinto ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kukhona okukhethwa kukho ezimbili eziyinhloko for kumiswa izinhlobo ezintsha zokuphila zikuphi. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba ukuzala futhi asexual.

Izindlela self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphila ungakha uhlobo zabo ngabanye. Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi aphansi zisebenzisa indlela asexual self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Ukuze uthole inzalo, eyodwa kuphela umzali ngamunye, okuyinto uyakwazi ukwakha inkampani eziphilayo.

Kodwa lokhu akulona ulwazi ngokwanele ukuba ukuqonde lokho ukuzala iyahluka kwenye asexual. Lawa mafomu bahluke inzalo play. Ngakho, ukuzala kungenzeka kuphela ukubamba iqhaza lezi zinhlobo ezimbili sabazali. Inqubo ngokobulili ungachazwa ukuthi gametes akhiwa. Lokhu ekhethekile amaseli enzalo neqoqo haploid lezakhi zofuzo.

Umahluko omkhulu

indlela ngokocansi kubhekwa ezithuthukayo ezingaphezu kuqhathaniswa asexual. It is esetshenziswa iningi labantu izinto eziphilayo ukuze sizale. Qonda lokho ukuzala iyahluka kwenye asexual, kungenzeka, uma wazi lokhu okulandelayo.

Ifomu yokuqala yokuzalana okudinga iqhaza kwezinhlobo ezimbili sabazali. In ngamunye kubo akhiqizwa ubulili amaseli akhethekile - gametes. Phakathi ukukhiqizwa kabusha bona coalesce bese bakha zygote. Kuyinto bakha umzimba omusha kuyo.

Ngo inqubo asexual ukukhiqizwa kabusha gametes kungukuthi ezidingekayo. Isifanekiso entsha kwakhiwa kusukela amaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Kuyinto ikhophi esiqondile umzimba umzali. Le ndlela ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenza ngokushesha ukuthola inzalo.

Izici ukuveza asexual

Self-kabusha ezintsha kusukela amaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo kunezinzuzo zako. Ukwazi kwabo, kulula ukuchaza umehluko phakathi ukuzala nge asexual. It ikuvumela ukwakha inqwaba abantu ngesikhathi esifushane. Kulokhu, inzalo ewumphumela akuhlukile izinyoni umzali. Ezingaphansi eziphilayo engumfanekiso ngqo.

Le ndlela kunenzuzo ngokuzalanisa eziphilayo ezihlala izimo ezingaguquki. ukushintshashintsha bofuzo ekukhiqizeni asexual ungakwazi kuphela umphumela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Kule nqubo self-ukufanisana cell ihlukaniswe, ngokuvamile mitosis.

izilwane Ephakeme abakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokwabo asexually. Okuwukuphela le cloning ka ngendlela yokufakelwa.

Izinhlobo ukuveza asexual

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze udale izinto eziphilayo inhlobo yabo ngaphandle namangqamuzana akhethekile zokuzala. Wokuqonda yini ukuzala iyahluka kwenye asexual, ungakhohlwa ukuthi indlela yokugcina yenzalo ekukhiqizweni ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

division Eceleni isehlane, sporulation, esiphelweni vegetative, kuhlanganise luthela, kanye nokwehlukaniswa. Ngayinye yalezi amasu kwakhiwa isifanekiso esisha komunye noma iqembu emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Phindaphinda sokuhlukanisa elula: amoeba, euglena oluhlaza, Paramecium. Futhi, le ndlela isebenzisa amagciwane athile.

Sporulation ukukhiqiza kabusha wonke amaqembu izitshalo eziluhlaza, isikhunta, abanye amagciwane lenyama. Ezinhlamvu akhiwa izakhiwo ezikhethekile - sporogonia.

Wokuqonda umehluko ka ukuzala futhi asexual, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zindlela zihluke kakhulu. Ngempela, lapho self-ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle gametes uqala sokuhlukanisa amaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, esiphelweni vegetative kungenzeka usebenzisa cuttings, Intshebe, izimpande, rhizomes, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ama, amakhomu.

Izici ukuzala

Ukuze zikwazi ukuveza inzalo ngale ndlela kudinga ezimbili abantu zohlobo olulodwa ukuthi ukhiqize amangqamuzana akhethekile zokuzala. Ukubukeka inzalo kungenzeka nge ekubumbaneni yabo kanye kumiswa zygotes. Yilokho-ke Kubalulekile nokukhumbula, etshela umehluko phakathi ukuzala nge asexual.

Gametes aqukethe haploid (owodwa) iqoqo chromosome. La mangqamuzana akhiqizwa inqubo meiosis. Kuyinto ngosizo lwabo, ulwazi zofuzo lidluliselwa bobabili abazali zezilokazane ingane. Gamete Fusion nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi kokukhulelwa. I kwaphumela nuclei haploid ukuhlanganisa futhi yakha zygote nge a diploid chromosome isethi. Yilesi isisekelo intraspecific ukushintshashintsha eziphilayo.

Elicwengwé reproduction asexual kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kumele singakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili gametes. Bakha owesilisa nowesifazane. Kodwa ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo ezinjalo eziphilayo angakhiqiza kanyekanye ezimbili izinhlobo amaseli ocansini. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi hermaphrodites. Ngakho kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha ezinamagobolondo, nemisundu eminingi, iminenke, abanye izinhlanzi.

okuhlukile kungenzeka

Ukuze uqonde kuka ukuzala iyahluka kwenye asexual, kungenzeka, uma sazi ukuthi inqubo yokuqala libhekene kumiswa gametes ekhethekile khashana juphe wesibili uqale amaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo umzimba umzali.

Kubalulekile ukuthi zokugaya asexual, omunye umuntu kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba abesilisa nabesifazane ababili. Nokho, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana okuhlukile. Lezi zihlanganisa hermaphroditism futhi parthenogenesis. Nakuba wokuqala wathi ukukhiqizwa kabusha ukuma Ngokuvamile lokhu kwakuhilela gametes kusukela abantu ezahlukene, futhi kukhona izinqubo emzimbeni, ekuvimbeleni self-kokukhulelwa.

Libuye libe uhlobo ukuzala kuyinto parthenogenesis. Kule ndlela, insikazi ubulili amaseli uyakwazi zibe umuntu omusha ngaphandle iqhaza gametes besilisa. Wokuzala ngakho can ezinye izilwane kanye nezitshalo.

Kuye inani lezakhi zofuzo insikazi germ cells awavikelekile parthenogenesis diploid futhi haploid. Le ndlela yokwenza esiphelweni ikuvumela ukulungisa inani uzalo izinhlobo zawo. Ngokwesibonelo, bee indlovukazi kungaba amaqanda okuvela kulo insikazi (kwesibeletho, abantu abasebenza) noma abesilisa (drones). Lokuzaliswa - ngokocansi kanye asexual - e version zakudala akanayo amathuba anjalo.