I-UN likaNobhala: isakhiwo, ukubunjwa, umsebenzi

I-UN likaNobhala nomzimba ngamazwe ephethe ngeNhlangano yeziZwe kanye bekulokhu ukubambisana yayo. It iholwa uNobhala Jikelele.

Umhlaba sama

Eziyisithupha izitho eziyisisekelo eNhlangano yeziZwe - General Assembly, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, UMkhandlu wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle, uMkhandlu we- Trusteeship, International Court of Justice futhi UN likaNobhala.

Kugcine kuthinta umsebenzi we-UN ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu licaciswe ku Charter. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho yokuthi amalungu Secretariat ochwepheshe unomphela, ezimiswe hhayi nezombusazwe United Member. abasebenzi waqoqa isekelwe befaneleka, ikhumbula isimiso ukusatshalaliswa womhlaba. Abasebenzi kumelwe athathe isifungo sokwethembeka eZizweni Ezihlangene. Abavumelekile ukuthola imiyalelo evela ohulumeni bazo. Abasebenzi, eqinisweni, kuyinto umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba.

UN likaNobhala imisebenzi zahlukahlukene. It otolika, onobhala, ochwepheshe, abaphathi, abaphathi project, yezingxoxo nabanye.

ikhanda

UNobhala-Jikelele ukhethwa iminyaka 5 yi-General Assembly ngokuxhumana oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khona-ke kumelwe bathole imvume wonke amalungu agcwele oMkhandlu soMkhandlu wokuPhepha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-noNobhala-Jikelele, njengoba umthetho, zivela emazweni encane hlangothi. GS - umphathi Administrative ngemihlangano General Assembly, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, nguMkhandlu we- Trusteeship kanye ECOSOC, okungase enze noma yimuphi umsebenzi onikwe yona kulezi zinhlangano kanye nabasebenzi bayo. Minyaka yonke, kuyakushiswa ubike General Assembly umsebenzi we-UN Security Council futhi kungaba tshela nanoma imiphi imibuzo ezimele, ngokombono wakhe, usongo ukuthula kanye nokuphepha kwezizwe ngezizwe. GS - Chief olubonisa UN kanye evelele kunazo zonke futhi ihlonishwe sibalo igunya enkundleni emhlabeni.

Umhlaba uhulumeni

Ngokusho sisekelo wayo, ongunobhala jikelele kanye UN likaNobhala abasebenza e lasendlunkulu eNew York futhi emhlabeni wonke. Bakhonza izigaba eziyinhloko lenhlangano futhi uphathe izinhlelo kanye nemigomo ukuthi ichaze labo iziphathimandla.

Ngakho, i-UN likaNobhala isebenta Kwakufana nemisebenzi eyenziwa ohulumeni kazwelonke emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le igunya lengamela ukusebenza yokugcinwa yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda ababaleki, umlamuleli e izingxabano zezizwe, njengaseKorea, ukuqapha Amathrendi ezomnotho nezenhlalo, ukulungiselela izifundo ngamalungelo esintu, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, intuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nezinye izingqinamba ngesicelo noma yiluphi uhlaka inhlangano. I-UN likaNobhala yazisa umphakathi mayelana nomsebenzi wabo futhi uphethe izingqungquthela ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it uqaphe ukuqaliswa UN iziqondiso, kuthatha inkulumo futhi imibhalo ngezilimi ezisemthethweni kwenhlangano kanye nabanye.

I-UN likaNobhala: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Nakuba ekomkhulu layo main eNew York, le nhlangano elikhona Vienna, Nairobi kanye Geneva, futhi ezinye izikhungo ezihlobene zitholakala ku Paris, The Hague neRoma. Isakhiwo UN likaNobhala yakhiwa-ofisini alandelako neminyango, oholwa iPhini kanye noNobhala-Jikelele Umsizi noma izikhulu eziphezulu, belalela HS:

• IHhovisi SG. Kufaka eHhovisi LikaNobhala Cindezela, eHhovisi ukusebenzisana, Protocol kanye nokuXhumana Izikhungo, i-Bureau of "Global Compact".
• IHhovisi Yangaphakathi Obhekela Services. Siqukethe izimali, kuhlolwa uphenyo neminyango. It has igunya ezibanzi ukuphenya kungenzeka nomkhonyovu nokuhlukumeza ngaphakathi enhlanganweni. Kwenta nokuqapha kanye nokucubungula ngokusebenzisa Integrated Management Information System. Ngoba indalo of ukuphathwa kwakungamadodana emazweni athuthukile, ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka iminikelo yabo eZizweni Ezihlangene walahlekelwa ngenxa nomkhonyovu nokuhlukumeza.
• UMnyango Political. Yengamela imizamo kwenhlangano emkhakheni yezingxoxo zezombusazwe zokuvimbela futhi ukuthula, iqoqa kanye ihlaziya ulwazi nokuvimbela GA futhi uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kokuntengantenga okwakusondela lelisu usiyala yakhipha yibo. Inikeza usizo yokhetho emazweni ukuthi ucele ukwesekwa ekuqiniseni inqubo yentando yeningi.
• UMnyango Wezomthetho. Leluleke inhlangano futhi HS ezindabeni zomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Ofisi usizo emisebenzini eminingi ezihlobene ngamazwe izinkantolo lobugebengu elaliyiYugoslavia futhi Rwanda. It inikeza uhlu olubanzi kwezinsizakalo zomthetho ngezindaba eziphathelene nomthetho inkontileka kanye izici lobuchwepheshe we izinkontileka.
• YoMnyango kwezikhali Affairs. Mhla limiswa ngo-1982 futhi waqhubeka esebenza kuze 1992. Ngo-January 1998, it libuyiselwe. Ukhuthaza izimpokophelo kwezikhali kanye non-ayanda ezikhali zamakhemikhali, yenuzi nezinto eziphilayo. Uthuthukisa imizamo ekunciphiseni ngezikhali ezivamile, t. Amahora imiz. Futhi nezibhamu. It has amagatsha ezinhlanu.
• UMnyango Peacekeeping Operations. Le nhlangano eliqondisa umsebenzi UN nemikhankaso yokugcina ukuthula emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi isikali nokuba yinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi anda exponentially. Ngo-1995, ngesikhathi abasebenzi UN atshalwa kule elaliyiYugoslavia, uMnyango lalinabashumayeli ayizinkulungwane 70. Abasebenzi Military nezakhamuzi, futhi sezimali sonyaka ka eduze $ 3 billion.
• United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Ukwenza ukulethwa zosizo izisulu zezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo futhi ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuphathwa wadalwa ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo izidingo, ukuhlaziya isimo emhlabathini, kanye ukuxoxisana ukufinyelela izindawo eziphuthumayo. Sici Its main iyona kusebentisana nezinye izikhungo evumela zonke izinkampani UN ndawonye ukubiza for nokuhlinzekwa kosizo wokusiza ukulandelela kangcono iminikelo donor ohulumeni, UN ejensi kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

• Office Izidakamizwa Ubugebengu. EliseVienna. izinhloso zayo yilezi: ekulweni nobugebengu ngamazwe, umshushumbisi, banditry, okushushumbisa izidakamizwa nenkohlakalo, kanye ubuphekula, ubugebengu, umthetho, umgomo wokuhlaziya Amathrendi, ucwaningo kanye nokunakekelwa izinyathelo zamasu.
• UMnyango wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle Affairs. Ukhuthaza intuthuko eqhubekayo ngesisekelo a indlela multidisciplinary ukuze kwezenhlalo, ezemvelo, kwezomnotho, izici lokubala ubuningi babantu nobulili ukuthuthukiswa.
• UMnyango ngoba General Assembly kanye lenkomfa Services. Siqukethe izigaba zezizwe ezintathu futhi kwenye isevisi. Linikeza ukuhlela eyodwa yemihlangano kanye imibhalo, wokuxhumanisa amasevisi inkomfa emhlabeni wonke. Inikeza izinsizakalo incazelo ngazo zonke izilimi eziyisithupha UN olusemthethweni, futhi phakathi kwazo. Ilungiselela amarekhodi izwi nezwi ngemihlangano General Assembly, uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kanye neminye imigwamanda, futhi silungiselela futhi imibhalo yezicathulo kanye nezinye izincwadi. Unesibopho ukuhunyushwa zonke izincwadi ezisemthethweni UN, imihlangano kanye nemibiko ukuxhumana. Inikeza izinsizakalo nokudluliselwa kwazo abalobi, abahleli, abahumushi transcribers.
• UMnyango Imininingwane Yomphakathi. Idala emaphepheni, izincwadi, umsakazo kanye namavidiyo, ukukhangisa inhlangano. Inikelwe ukufakwa likagesi uhlelo, yokuxhuma izimishini yokugcinwa, izikhungo ulwazi kanye UNDP.
• UMnyango Management. Ukwenza lapho kwenziwa isabelo sezimali, izinhlelo, ama-akhawunti, izindlela ezingezona zokuthenga, zomlando, abasebenzi, ukuxhumana, nabanye.
• Yokuziphatha Office. Liqinisekisa kwetsembeka kanye obala indlela izisebenzi ezisebenza ngayo imisebenzi yazo ngaphansi kwesimo kuyimfihlo, ukungakhethi, bomsebenzi kanye ukuzimela. Bureau kusiza izisebenzi bagweme ukungqubuzana okuthile kwezinzuzo kanye ukuvimbela ukuphila kwabo kwangasese liphazamisane zenza imisebenzi yazo.
• IHhovisi IoMxazululi. Kuyasiza uguqule ingxabano ku izixazululo ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa, Shuttle zezombusazwe, kucocisana nabanye.
• IHhovisi Omele High kumazwe ampofu. I izindawo ezibalulekile zomsebenzi yayo uyakusiza GE ukuqinisekisa ukugqugquzela okugcwele nokudidiyela zonke izingxenye uhlelo UN ngo ukuqaliswa kwe-Uhlelo lokwenza emazweni ampofu, imizi kanye eziqhingini ezincane, ukuhlanganisa ukwesekwa international nezisetshenziswa, eqhuba Ukwelulekwa iqembu nokuvikelwa ngokomthetho.

umnyango wokuthenga

imisebenzi yezomnotho we-United Nations likaNobhala Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umnyango ukuthenga, okuyinto waziphatha yokufuna izimpahla namasevisi ekomkhulu US, ikhomishini zesifunda, nemikhankaso yokugcina ukuthula, izinkantolo, ohambweni ezikhethekile, njll Phakathi yezitolo main -. emoyeni, izimoto, amakhompyutha, ukudla, imisebenzi yokunyathelisa, zokubhala izimpahla kanye nezinsiza. UNICEF, i-WHO kanye UNDP izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga Kwenziwa ngokuzimela.

sivumelwano Ukubhalisa ne-UN likaNobhala

HS ukusebenza maqondana imali kanye izinkontileka isitoreji, e Umq. H. Ulungiselela izincomo nocwaningo, usizo ngezinkinga ezingokomthetho nemikhuba zezivumelwano international kanye depositary, iSivumelwano Isigaba IHhovisi Legal Affairs. Design, ukuhlaziywa, ukuqopha, ukushicilelwa kanye nokubhaliswa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ku-United Nations likaNobhala wenziwa endaweni efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zigcinwe futhi olusha kwi-inthanethi "Umhlangano iimvumelwano-United Nations." Ukubhalisa in the United Nations likaNobhala wenza ngaphansi Article 102 soMthethosisekelo kanye Civil Aviation Regulations. Ochwepheshe kuzosiza ukwenza amalungiselelo sokugcina nokwenza okubonwa ngazo, ukulungiselela scripts uphinde wenze amakhophi aqinisekisiwe yalo, ukuhlela imihlangano yokubonisana nokwenza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ku emthethweni kanye umkhuba zezivumelwano ngamazwe, nokunye. D.

abasebenzi

I-UN likaNobhala has angaba yizinkulungwane 44. Abasebenzi. Okuningi abasebenza ezikhungweni ezihlobene (ezifana WHO, World Bank, njll). Lawa izisebenzi zamazwe ngamazwe ezingu-civil, unaccountable uthi ngabanye. Abasebenzi be-UN likaNobhala ngiyafunga ayitholanga futhi abazange bacele kadokotela wanoma yimuphi uhulumeni noma enye inhlangano. Ngaphansi Charter, aMalunga eMibuso kufanele zihloniphe umlingisi kuphela ngamazwe nemithwalo yemfanelo esindayo abasebenzi hhayi bazame ukuthonya umsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanele.

Yiqiniso, kunezikhathi lapho imisebenzi ye-United Nations likaNobhala uye waba yinto yokuhlekwa izinsolo bangigxeka ohulumeni United Member. Ngo ngemuva kunikezelwa UMengameli waseMelika Dwight D. Eisenhower ngesikhathi isiqongo iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ongunobhala jikelele, Trygve Amanga, ingcindezi evela Washington ngezinsuku zokuqala, eye wavumela Federal Bureau of Investigation ukususa zeminwe bonke abasebenzi US. Lo mkhuba kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba-November 1953, lapho omusha GS Dag Hammarskjold ngaphambilini FBI ukuyimisa. Kodwa uhulumeni wase-US ngomzamo ukuhlonza nabo lamaKhomanisi wadala uMkhandlu ukwethembeka abasebenzi nezinhlangano zomhlaba, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izisebenzi American UN. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka ohlonishwa kakhulu Ralf Banch. Ngesikhathi iSoviet Union Hammarskjöld esolwa UN likaNobhala ukuthi ngaphansi kobuholi GS, yena umi ohlangothini West. Ngakho, cindezela eMoscow ku-UN, befuna ukwamukelwa of m. N. Project "Troika", owawuthi khona okucatshangwa ukuthi abaholi ezintathu Secretariat, esisodwa kusukela West, East kanye namazwe Third World.

izinkinga lwabalandeli

Phakathi 1980 no-1990, kuye kwaba izinsolo ezibucayi Secretariat esimweni eziyihaba futhi profligacy. Boutros Boutros-Ghali wazama ukunqanda baxgeki, ikakhulukazi e-US, umnkantsha isabelomali kanye ekumemezeleni kabusha. Esikhundleni sakhe uKofi Annan ngo-1997, okwethulwa oluphelele kabusha futhi kabusha izinhlelo zayo "yokuvuselela iZizwe Ezihlangene" ngokuhlanganisa ejensi 24 futhi regrouping ngezigaba 5 lapho kumiswa yiPhini uNobhala Jikelele. Lapho Ngasekupheleni kuka-1997, i-GA evunyiwe iphakethe lokuqala yezinguquko ezihlongozwayo, ukonga abangaba yizigidi 123 zamaRandi. Omunye umphumela lokhu kwakuwukuthi US Congress evunyiwe ukwabiwa $ 819 million njengoba nokukhokhwa ingxenye izikweletu zalo UN, okuyinto kwafinyelela $ 1 billion, futhi yehlise ingcindezi iNhlangano Yezizwe.

izinga abasebenzi

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha isikhundla ngo-2007, yaba eyesishiyagalombili SG Pan Gi Mun umkhankaso kabusha Secretariat bese usetha izimfuneko ezintsha abaphathi abaphezulu kanye maphakathi inhlangano. kugada Traditional imisebenzi awabange esaba khona, ukudala okukhuthaza yokuncintisana Ukukhetha inqubo. Wamisa nokubuyekezwa kwaminyaka yonke ukusebenza umsebenzi futhi ngokuya ehhovisi, wavula isikhundla nekomkhulu le-UN eNew York abasebenzi ngaphandle-United States, ophoqelelwe izikhulu eziphezulu ukudalula izitatimende zabo zezimali bese uqede imisebenzi isipele ngokuzenzakalela ukuze abasebenzi wemfanelo ekupheleni ukuphila kwabo inkonzo. Izinguquko Ban wagxeka amathimba amaningi States iLungu zijwayele bendabuko umkhuba engabhaliwe okwakudingeka. Ngo ngasese, Ban wahlangana izithunywa kula mazwe futhi wawaqinisekisa ukuthi nokuxoxisana okunzulu owawuzoba ngaphambi ukwethulwa yezinguquko. izithembiso zaKhe wathulisa kakhulu ukukhathazeka, kodwa ukugxeka uye wabonisa ubunzima ekufezeni izinguquko ezinkulu sokuphatha Secretariat.

ezama ukushintsha

Lapho uNobhala Jikelele ukwenza aphoyintimenti lokuqala abaphathi abaphezulu, wathatha ithuba ukuncoma ushintsho inani zeminyango, uhlongoza ukuba kwahlukaniswe uMnyango Peacekeeping Operations ngezigaba ezimbili - owodwa ngoba imisebenzi futhi omunye ukwesekwa emkhakheni, futhi ushintshe elisezingeni Umqondisi iHhovisi kwezikhali Wezindaba umsizi isekela kuya GS, eqinisweni, ekunciphiseni ukuba isigaba sabaphathi UN. Kuphikiswa kusukela nezimpi ezimbili, Pan Gi Mun ebuzwa ekomitini cabanga iziphakamiso ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe ku-General Assembly.