I usawoti yasoLwandle Olubomvu. Kuchazwa kanjani-ke amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu oLwandle Olubomvu

Oceans ithatha 2/3 of ebusweni iplanethi yethu. It is zihlukaniswa, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, usawoti anda amanzi. Lokhu kulinganisela kuncike okuqukethwe ku 1 kg solutes ketshezi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50. It lubonakaliswa izingxenye ngamunye million (‰). Lena okweshumi iphesenti.

Isilinganiso ulwandle ebusweni usawoti kuyinto 32-37 ‰. Uma uwa ujule indawo yemvelo izidalwa kakhulu eziphilayo, le nkomba ingalungiswa ezingeni 34-35 ‰. Kodwa hhayi kubo bonke ezilwandle kwabikwa ezingeni elifanayo izibalo kubika. значительно превышает этот уровень. I usawoti yasoLwandle Olubomvu lingaphezulu kakhulu kunalokhu ezingeni. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, kukhona izincazelo eziningana. On them ukwazi wonke umuntu.

Uhlolojikelele

Ukuhlaziya ingqikithi okwethulwa ngowokuqala endaweni isidingo ukukhumbula lapho oLwandle Olubomvu isendaweni nebalazwe. Lokhu kwesigubhu itholakala phakathi eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya nase-Afrika. ubude bayo ukusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga kuyofika ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga kuyinto 1932 km. Sea ububanzi elilingana 280 km. Le ndawo oLwandle Olubomvu kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 460 sq. Km.

Ukujula isilinganiso kunqunywa ezingeni 437 amamitha kanye iphuzu ejulile ifinyelela 3039 m. Kuyinto kolwandle kungokwalabo-Indian Ocean, abasebenza ngazo kulo zixhunywe strait emincane Bab el Mandeb. Enyakatho kukhona umlayezo ngokusebenzisa Suez Canal lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera.

Ububanzi wokuxhumana ulwandle ne-Indian Ocean lincane kakhulu (kuphela mayelana 26-120 km). Ngakho-ke ukucindezeleka, okumelelwe ichibi, kubhekwa elithé qekelele kunawo wonke pool. ULwandle Olubomvu ubhekwa lomncane.

nentaba phansi

, также следует уделить внимание его рельефу. Uma ucabangela oLwandle Olubomvu kumephu zomhlaba, kufanele futhi unake impumuzo. Shelf ivelele ngokucacile lapha. ububanzi inyuka ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Emhlanganweni we 120-200 m eshalofini ukujula iba emaweni emthambekeni onqenqemeni ezwekazini. Lona umshushuluzo main. Itholakala at a km 500 2000 ukujula.

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela Underwater amumethe izintaba, emikhulu kanye izigaba e chungechunge. Ngokusho ingaphakathi-eksisi sihamba kudaleka ewumngcingo ezijulile. Lokhu umshushuluzo Axial. Esikhathini 60s engxenyeni emaphakathi yalo (the lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Km ukujula), ososayensi brines eziningana ezijulile avuleka. Ukwakheka babo buhlukile.

Pickles bekulindeleke ukuthi umsebenzi kwamanzi zomhlaba. Ngo-15 izimbotshana wokuxovela Axial manje wathola eziningi imithombo yamanzi amtoti kwamanzi nge usawoti of abangaphezu kuka-250 ‰. Leli qiniso futhi inethonya ezinye ukubunjwa oLwandle Olubomvu.

echibini sezulu

. I eyinqaba izimo zezulu futhi iba nomthelela omkhulu phezu usawoti oLwandle Olubomvu. Itholakala isimo sezulu yezwekazi ezishisayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuyovama lokushisa air okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto buyehluka kuye ngesikhatsi semnyaka.

Eminyakeni engxenyeni esenyakatho cooler kancane. Ebusika lapha ezomhlaba +15 ° C futhi ehlobo - +27 ° C. Eningizimu, ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sibalo antante +20 ° C Rising ngoJanuary +32 ° C ngo-August.

Lina phezu kolwandle lingachazwa ngokuthi ongaphakeme. Lesi sibalo ingeqi 50 mm ngonyaka. Imvula ikakhulukazi labetibambile ngesimo shower. Inani ukuhwamuka ngonyaka imayelana 200 mm. Okunjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi esibalulekile okwandisa usawoti.

Storm umsebenzi kule ongaphakeme kunalokho. It kwandisa ebusika. Ngokuvamile iziphepho okuyokwenzeka engxenyeni esenyakatho kwesigubhu.

Amanzi exchange futhi gidrotsirkulyatsiya

, стоит уделить внимание его водообмену. Ukutadisha, echaza le usawoti okusezingeni eliphezulu yasoLwandle Olubomvu, kubalulekile ukuba banake amanzi exchange yayo. Lokhu isici usichazela lizinga lelitfutfukile usawoti. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi oLwandle Olubomvu ongawi yimuphi umfula. Amanzi exchange kwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa imigudu yokuxhumana nge-Indian yayo Ocean futhi bone kahle noLwandle LwaseMedithera.

Through the Bab-el-Mandeb ithola lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 1-1,3. Km. cu. amanzi. Lena ephakeme kunaleyo umthamo wamanzi kokushiya ngokusebenzisa Aden bay. Okuseleyo ku ukuhwamuka okunikezwa. Futhi, amanzi akha negative ukubaluleka angenasawoti ibhalansi.

Lena isakhiwo avaliwe, ogxile nokuxhumana izinqubo emkhathini. Umoya kudala amanzi ehlobo nasebusika kwegazi. Lokhu, inquma nemibandela kokuthola amanzi ezisuka eGulf of Aden. Lezi uquqaba inethonya izingqimba engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba amanzi. Ngenxa yalesi simo, ukusatshalaliswa izici kwamanzi e Ngasenyakatho iyunifomu ngempela. Eningizimu, kukhona isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi kwabo amanzi.

usawoti

объясняется происходящими в нем процессами. Amanzi usawoti ukusatshalaliswa oLwandle Olubomvu kungenxa izinqubo ezenzeka kuwo. Esikhathini eningizimu ngenxa gidroobmenym izinqubo lesi sibalo ephansi - 36 ‰. Kodwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ifinyelela 42 ‰.

Gulf of Aden Amanzi ukufudumala futhi kancane okunosawoti. Aya izingqimba engenhla eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Ebusika, bahlangana nge oLwandle Olubomvu amanzi abandayo kanye enosawoti.

Esikhathini Lesisemkhatsini amanzi ungqimba at a 200-500 m ukujula kuchazwa imingcele kuqhathaniswa njalo usawoti kanye lokushisa. Kokubili Inyakatho neningizimu bangamaphesenti 40-40,5 ‰.

ungqimba Deep kwakheka inqubo ezinyakazayo convective kwabo amanzi. Okunqumayo ezingeni 500 m noma ngaphansi. Lapha, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi impela high. It ifinyelela +22 ° C futhi usawoti kulingana 40 ‰. uquqaba Deep ukuhambisa ohlangothini eningizimu. brines amaminerali kuchazwa kulezi izingqimba. umthelela wabo izingqimba amanzi aye wafunda kancane.

convective kuhlangana

меняется в результате остывания и нагревания масс в зимний и летний период. I kwabantu of amanzi oLwandle Olubomvu siyashintsha ngenxa Ukupholisa bafudumale uyaca ebusika nehlobo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ezinyakazayo convective. Amanzi ukufuthelana lunesibalo aphansi. It evuka, displacing mass ezipholile futhi obukhulu in ukujula.

Le nqubo kuhambisana kuhlangana ezinhle amanzi olwandle. Cishe ngaso sonke ekujuleni futhi usawoti ezindaweni libhekene ukufana. amaphutha Underwater zomhlaba behlukaniswe nomphakathi ekujuleni kolwandle kuyinto ukusakaza efudumele futhi anosawoti. Ngakho-ke, umzimba yamanzi ukufuthelana at izigaba ngezansi. Lokhu nakho kunomthelela convective kuhlangana kwabo.

Izici oshiwo ngenhla olunikezwa uhlelo amanzi uchaze ukuthi kungani oLwandle Olubomvu iyona okunosawoti kunazo zonke emhlabeni ocean amanzi.

Kungani amanzi anosawoti?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ekujuleni ikhombisa usawoti eliphakeme loLwandle Olubomvu (njengoba amaphesenti labantfu kukhona 75 izingcezu Imininingwane kwesigubhu ivolumu). Lena izinga kahle eliphezulu. Kafushane nje, kufanele kuphawulwe izizathu eziningana ezibangela lokhu mkhuba.

Ukuhwamuka ebusweni amanzi ngenxa endaweni enkulu kolwandle, kunalokho enkulu. Kulokhu, usawoti kanye nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali bahlale endaweni. Isibhakabhaka uthola amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela. Isimo sezulu esishisayo sijulisa ukuhwamuka.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka thutheleka fula olwandle, kanye ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana nabanye machibi kwezilwandle, kungeyona elinesimo inkomba ezimbi.

Inani kwezulu oLwandle Olubomvu sincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amanzi emvula Ungase futhi desalinate kwabo amanzi.

Kanjani usawoti emanzini

уникальна. amanzi oLwandle Olubomvu uhlukile. Ngenxa ukungabikho esingakubiza ngokuthi iziphepho ezinzima, imvula, umfula ugeleza it libhekene obala okusezingeni eliphezulu. luhlaza wakhe bright blue edonsela abatshuzi kusuka emhlabeni wonke.

Ngokuphambene uze uyofika oLwandle Olufile, ugcwele zokuphila. Kuningi zezinhlanzi, izimbaza, ulwelwe kanye kwamakhorali baye ezovumelana nezimo ezinjalo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo oLwandle Olubomvu likhulu kakhulu.

izimo ethile zezulu uvumele kolwandle cishe njalo kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa kwamanzi njalo futhi usawoti. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka eziphilayo ukuthuthukisa kulolu lwandle.

Izinhlelo lekusasa

в ближайшее время снижаться не будет, а вот повышаться со временем может. I usawoti yasoLwandle Olubomvu ngeke wehlise esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kodwa ukwanda kungenzeka ngesikhathi esifanele. Le nqubo ihamba kancane kakhulu. Ngaphezu izimo ezikhethekile zezulu ngokwebalazwe, lesi sici kuthintwa amaphutha zomhlaba.

Scuba abatshuzi wehlela ekujuleni oLwandle Olubomvu. Aye atholakala, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukhukhamba. lokushisa yabo njalo antante 0.3-0.7 ° C ngonyaka. Umsebenzi lezi amaphutha luyanda. ULwandle Olubomvu akugcini nje owabangelwa lezi imithombo yamanzi amtoti. It uthola amanzi ocebile izakhi mkhondo. Ukhuthaza okuqhubekayo, kodwa kancane, ukwanda usawoti. Nakuba ayengekho ngokushesha ku zezinto eziphila emanzini. It ngonyaka izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

такая высокая. Ngemva kokucabangela amaqiniso ngenhla, singaqonda ukuthi kungani le usawoti yasoLwandle Olubomvu okusezingeni eliphezulu kangaka. Khonza imbangela ngu izinto eziningi. Lokhu kwenza kube ethulwa umzimba esiyingqayizivele yamanzi.