Ifilosofi USocrates

Lo muntu ungomunye zefilosofi enkulu kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu. Ifilosofi uSocrates - lena yinto kuyiphi wacasulwa e zabo abantu omkhulu bobudala obungefani ukucabanga. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi USocrates yena akazange ashiye Usebenza ebhaliwe - imibono yakhe njalo sidluliselwe abafundi ngomlomo. Abafundi bakhe kamuva futhi waloba la imicabango. Kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi abaningi zezinkulumo zakhe kwalahleka, futhi asho ukuthini ngempela abanye sesamukele ngendlela esontekile. nefilosofi yokucabanga behlele kithi endaweni sibonga ngowokuqala Aristotle, uPlato no-uXenophon.

Indawo ekhethekile ifilosofi ukucabanga uthatha uhlobo, ukuphila okuphelele kwezinto eziqhamuka enhlabathini indoda, umphefumulo wakhe, unembeza. Ngokungafani amandulela, uSocrates engachithi isikhathi isikhathi sokutadisha cosmos futhi indoda njengoba ingxenye yezwe. Lokho uSocrates wabeka izisekelo lokho kubhekwa by kaPlato no-Aristotle.

Qaphela ukuthi ngomunye wabokuqala waqala bangase bazibuze ngesimo nobuntu emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekhokha alalelwa kakhulu izimiso zokuhle. Ethical Philosophy of uSocrates iqukethe iqoqo kwezinkambiso imithetho yokuziphatha, okuyinto, wayekholelwa, kufanele siphile umuntu ngamunye. Phambi kwakhe, zefilosofi neze lapho bebuza le mibuzo. USocrates azinake kakhulu izindlela ukufakazela noma ukungawufakazeli iqiniso lokwahlulela.

nefilosofi USocrates 'kusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili. Eyokuqala isidingo ulwazi yena, kanti eyesibili - in lokuthi isiwula kuphela ungacabanga ukuthi uyazi zonke izinto.

Lezi zimiso ngokuyinhloko wasebenzisa ukulwa ne amaSophist - uSocrates amaSophist akazange kanye, ukubukwa lwabo azifani ngezindlela eziningi. Isazi sefilosofi yabagxeka ubuze ekusebenziseni, ngoba babonisa izimangalo ukwazi iqiniso. Futhi, lezi zimiso yasetshenziswa sefilosofi ukuze ukuphoqa abantu ukufuna iqiniso. Ukuze nentshisekelo umuntu ebhizinisini lakhe, wasebenzisa indida, okuyinto eyenziwa ngekubona ukungazi kwabo siqu.

Ngaphansi ulwazi yena, wayekuqonda Ukufuna ulwazi nobuhle. Lezi imiqondo emibili zivame kakhulu uchazwa. Waqinisekisa ukuthi ukungazi eyinhloko abantu kubonakala yokuthi babheka ulwazi nasebuhleni kuphela, bakholelwa ukuthi akekho umthelela ukuziphatha kwabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, wagomela ngokuthi abantu bavame ukwenza ngesisekelo ulwazi futhi hhayi imizwa. Ngokuqondene nalokhu singaphetha ngokuthi ifilosofi lokumukelekako uSocrates awusekelwe nokuziphatha, okungukuthi, nokunqoba zokungazi, ku aphuma naye ebuhleni.

nefilosofi yokucabanga has nezinye izigaba ezibalulekile. ukucabanga exhasa akunakubangelwa kuye. Lapha, konke kusekelwe iqiniso lokuthi ukuhlaziywa eziningi izahlulelo ngabanye noma ngokusebenzisa umqondo ngezinto ungayenza agumenti jikelele. ukucabanga Inductive ihloselwe ukuchaza imiqondo ukuthi ukwazi ukuveza imizwa okushiwo izinto. Kukholakala ukuthi nguye owayeshoshozela ukuvela imiqondo jikelele.

USocrates enza khona umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni dialectics. Aristotle wathi ukuthi akazange nje athuthukile kodwa futhi ukudalile. Bamafilosofi baye babonisa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba inqobe zonke ukuphikisana ukuze ulwazi lweqiniso. I dialectic ka uSocrates - lutho kodwa lelicala imfundiso eziphikisanayo, zokunqoba kwabo futhi bayeke. Kubalulekile ukuze ungeze bona umqondo ulwazi kanye kakhulu i-dialectic kuchumene kakhulu zithandelana yenkolo.

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, uSocrates negalelo elikhulu kuya ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano nefilosofi. Yaphela kwenkathi ifilosofi yemvelo wefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, sibonga kuye, ukuthuthukiswa lithole isigaba entsha ngokuphelele kwale sayensi. It is wacasulwa imicabango yakhe emibhalweni yakhe, uPlato no-Aristotle.