Igama sokuqonda izifinyezo party, okuyinto esadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wezwe lethu: Party

Umlando waleli ukunciphisa avela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Konke kwaqala ngemibuthano elincane Socialists ababeshushiswa ngaphakathi Empire Russian. It ezichithekile konke esinamandla futhi kahle ehlelekile party mass, elisesifundeni wokugcina okuthiwa leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Sokuqonda lokhu isifinyezo kwanele, lula futhi kusho yengxenye ngemibono nokuma kwezwe. Nokho, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Ukwakhiwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni

Yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ngokuvamile unothile kakhulu izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba imiboniso namagunya amalungelo ezombangazwe nalawo onawo. Saqala le mpi Decembrists, sabe sesithatha eziningana amakilabhu inyuvesi nezinhlangano. Imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kuthiwa iqhutshelwe phambili futhi wathuthukisa phakathi nokubusa u-Alexander II. Isimo Liberal-yeningi iningi umphakathi kuye kwaba evundile okungamila ukuthuthukiswa imicabango liberalism nokubukwa zenhlalo-yeningi. Populism futhi kwaholela ekusakazekeni imibono sezenhlalo ku expanses enkulukazi Russia. Inhlangano "Land and Freedom" batibandzakanye le popularization imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ezweni lethu. Zonke lezi zinhlangano babe, ngakho ukukhuluma, walowo omkhulu futhi onethonya Communist Party. Sokuqonda izwi kuzwakala iCommunist Party of eSoviet Union. Nokho, ngaphambi ivela khona kwaba namanje kude ngempela kude. Eminyakeni engu-80 yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, Georgi Plekhanov wasungula inkampani yokuqala Russian wema izikhundla zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye Marxism, lapho kamuva, akhiwa ubukhomanisi ukushintshwa ezincane.

I izikhathi ezinhle nezimbi phakathi kumiswa izinhlangano sezenhlalo

Nokho, "Iqembu Liberation of Labour" kwaba amancane akakujabulelanga nethonya elikhulu ku-Russian imvelo sezenhlalo. George V bandisa umsebenzi walo futhi kokuhlangana namaqembu efanayo esuka Kiev futhi Minsk, ngesisekelo lo msebenzi, ehlangana V I. Ulyanovym. Ekuqaleni, imibono kokubili abaholi ukunyakaza sezenhlalo kwaqondana, futhi imizamo mutual baye babenza wonke umzamo wokuba lezi zihlakazeke kuyo yonke imizi nemizana of the Empire, Russian kanye neqembu iseli kwakhiwa komunye umdlalo. Kwenzekani uma sifika lapho Congress owasungula e Minsk, lena party eziphase ikusasa isitayela ngemibono kanye siqu eshintsha CPSU. Sokuqonda elisungulwe 1898, iqembu kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho bendabuko Communist Party, ngesikhathi kumiswa RSDLP lalibizwa kanjalo, okusho Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

umehluko ngemibono kanye yenhlangano

Nokho, kwaba le yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo ezenzeka nge igama party hhayi kuphela. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, obaba abaqamba isikhungo zezombusazwe entsha Georgi Plekhanov futhi uVladimir Ulyanov esikhathini esizayo kude kakhulu ngaphandle emibonweni yabo ikusasa Russia nokuhlela kabusha yayo nezindlela hlelwa kabusha. Lokhu kwabangela evulekile izibhelu abasekeli abaholi lokuqala nelesibili, bese kubonakala ngokulandelana senhlangano ye-party. Nokho, Kakade at the ophumayo elilandelayo (ngemuva kokudala) Kwaba khona ukwahlukana phathi Mensheviks eliholwa Plekhanov futhi amaBolshevik, eholwa Lenin, ubunye sangaphandle iqembu yayisalokhu kuze 1917. Nokho, umehluko ngemibono kanye methodological sezishiye ophumayo kukaLenin kusukela main party ukushicilelwa - iphephandaba "Iskra". Split ngaphezulu kwaqina ngaphakathi eqenjini, Plekhanov nabasekeli bakhe ayesezibhebheni ngokulinganisela izikhundla emphakathini wombuso wentando yenengi, ekhethiwe njenge ndlela eyinhloko ukuguqulwa kabusha, futhi amaBolshevik kukhona zengqondo ngokuphelele ezahlukene futhi indlela eyisisekelo ushintsho kwezenhlalo neyaziwayo ubudlova ngesimo inguquko yesigaba sabasebenzi.

Ukudalwa Russian Communist Party

Ngo-April 1917, kwaba khona umcimbi eside bathukuthele. KwamaBolshevik iqembu ekugcineni ubuhlobo uqobo kwasekusekelweni RSDLP okumele Mensheviks ngokulinganisela futhi wadala RCP ayo (B), okuyinto yakha isisekelo iKomiti esizayo. Ukususa ukubethela iyona nhlangano entsha kwamaBolshevik ephawula ngokunembile imibono yayo yamaSoviet, futhi ifundeka kanje: Russian Communist Party (amaBolshevik). Ukucacisa ngohlamvu "B" kubakaki nakakhulu kugcizelelwe umehluko phakathi oluvela izimfundiso zakudala Western sokubusa ngentando yeningi zenhlalo ngisho ubukhomanisi, uLenin wenza izinguquko ezithile umqondo athuthukile Karlom Marksom, ukujwayeza ke ukuba ngokoqobo isiRashiya, kodwa igama lokugcina iqembu hhayi. Ngemva kokunqoba ngo-zabhikisha ahlomile ngo-Okthoba 1917, RCP (B) futhi yashintsha igama layo, ngaleyo ndlela abafisa ukugcizelela jikelele yabo futhi ukuvela njengoba iqembu elibusayo. Kusukela ngo-1925 yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi VKP (b), futhi igama sashintshwa ngo-1952 ku-leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Sokuqonda amagama 1925 washintsha kancane kuphela, igama elithi "Russian" mazwi ashintshwa athi "Zonke-Russia", kanti bonke abanye ayizange ithuthuke.

Indida esizwe isifinyezo olusemthethweni

Njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlangano yezombangazwe, kwaba izindikimba ezilawulayo, naye wathola segama. Esimweni sethu ke yiKomidi Central we CPSU, sokuqonda imisindo efana iKomiti Central we Party. Lapho wayengumuntu likaMengameli we Yuri Andropov, owayekade induna iKomiti Yokuphepha Yezwe, abantu Entela uqambe kabusha umzimba omkhulu. Wabizwa iKomiti Cheka. Sokuqonda lokhu isihloko Okuxakayo aphathwe njengomuntu-KGB ekomidini party. Futhi i-KGB-USSR izikhulu Zezokuvikela Zikahulumeni owabizelwa khona. Ngakho, incazelo yaleli zwi we CPSU usibonisa ukuvela amagama zomlando, ukushintsha imiqondo ngemibono, futhi ukwandisa ithonya isikhungo zezombusazwe.