IGreat Wall yaseChina: Umlando kanye Legends

Enye indalo enkulu eyenziwe umuntu eyake yaba khona yisintu, ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe lo Great Wall of China. Lena ukwakhiwa sokuphana ngento enkulu ngempela kusukela kudala, sesiye iwuphawu Empire Celestial, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi izivakashi eziningi. History of the Great Wall iqala kusukela kude BC V leminyaka, lapho umbusi Chinese Qin Shi Huangdi waqala ukwakhiwa izindonga wokuqala edolobheni ukuzivikela ngokuthi uthi yingoba, ngesikhathi "ezilwayo States." Zazakhiwe enyakatho yesimanje futhi cishe zazifile izikhathi zethu. Ekuqiniseni okuyinto sonke ezaziwayo, lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa amaShayina imperial Ming BakwaHan.

Kwaqhubeka ukwakhiwa kodonga phakathi nokubusa wemindeni emine:

• Qin (208 BC GD.);
• Han (I ekhulwini BC);
• 10 Imibuso futhi 5 lwamakhosi (1138-1198 GG.);
• Hun ngaphansi nombusi wokubusa Wanli we-imperial Ming BakwaHan (ngaphambi 1620).

Ngokuvamile, i-Great Wall of China (umlando isakhiwo sayo) iqasha eminyakeni engaba ngu-2.100. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, ukwakhiwa yayo kwakuhilela okungaphezu 8 million. IsiShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi isakhiwo kubhekwa emathuneni omkhulu emhlabeni, ngenxa sonke isikhathi waba sokugcina indawo yokuphumula abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

ubude - mayelana 6700 km, kuyilapho ikhumbula zonke izinhlobo amagatsha - 8900 km. Ukuphakama ezindaweni ezahlukene kuyinto 6-10 ngamamitha. Engxenyeni eyinhloko odongeni kuyinto cishe iphindwa emngceleni we Inner Mongolia luqhubeke kusuka empumalanga nedolobha Shanhaiguan, ziphethe eSifundazweni Sasentshonalanga edolobheni Lop Nur.

I-Great Wall wawubanzi ngokwanele ukuthi kwakungase ukushayela ihhashi nabagibeli ezimbalwa kalula, ngokuvamile ngakho-ke kwenziwa hhayi kuphela umsebenzi ukuzivikela, kodwa futhi wakhonza njengephayona onguthelawayeka. Nangezinto amasignali intuthu ihora dolobha ukunikeza isaziso ekuhlaseleni amabutho esitha.

Ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa izitini njengaphambili material ukwakhiwa yasetshenziswa izinkuni, amatshe noma rammed emhlabeni, ngakho ekuqaleni eqinisa akuyona okuhlala kakhulu. Lapho Ming BakwaHan ziye zasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izitini lime namatshe. Njenganoma kwezitini zaqala zibelula, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha ngesivinini ngesivinini esikhulu. Nokho, amadwala zazisekhona kunamanje izinto ngenhla, ngakho basuke liqopha kumumo elingunxande futhi sibekwa isisekelo kanye onqenqemeni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle odongeni. Ubukhulu abanye babo kuze kube ngamamitha amane. Eyokwakha izingcezwana amathathu ezindongeni sisebenzisa zemabula onsomi. Ababili babo elisedolobheni jiang'an County, no one - ezinkangala Baiyangyu. Lona udonga enhle kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside.

I-Great Wall kuyinto a ukuzivikela umbhoshongo-izinqaba kulo lonke isakhiwo. Ukuze umbhoshongo ngamunye, esikhundleni salokho, kwaba ezitebhisini ewumngcingo, futhi kuphela esangweni elincane. On the izindonga zashiswa amazinyo, lapho amasosha akwazi ukubuka isitha. Ammunition elondolozwe ku kwemibhoshongo isignali. Ukuze uthole ukubukezwa kangcono zabo bazakha zezintaba nezinye amaphuzu okusezingeni eliphezulu kuleli zwe. Nokho, isici esiyinhloko ukwakhiwa lalivumelana ngqo ka lasisusela ekufundzeni ngamunye umbhoshongo emibili elandelanayo elikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukuthumela imiyalezo mayelana okuvela kuyo amabutho esitha ngosizo umlilo lentuthu. Futhi e kwezindonga izimbotshana obude bakhe cishe 30 cm, nobubanzi - mayelana 23 cm.

Kuze kube 1664, i-Wall Omkhulu wayengumbusi isithiyo cishe zingenakunqobeka kulabo bazama ukuhamba China noma uyowela kuwo. Kuwo wonke umklamo efakiwe iziteshi ukulawula ukuthi avaliwe ebusuku futhi, akukho muntu noma i-emperor yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola nokwephula le oda. Imingcele China bebangakghoni ngaphandle kwemvume. Nokho, ngemva kokunqotshwa Celestial Empire isiManchu isidingo odongeni wanyamalala. Bricks kancane kancane waqala bezophanga abalimi bendawo, futhi ekugcineni uma iGreat Wall yaseChina uye nsí ephelele.

Kuze kube manje, i-Wall uhlu nezinto ezivikelwe UNESCO, kanye "Wonders Seven Medieval Kwezwe."