Gleb Gari: Biography nesithombe

Ngo-November 1937 NKVD ekhethekile Trika wenza isinqumo ngesisekelo lapho bagwetshwa ukufa omunye wabasunguli be-Cheka, umakadebona we ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso eRussia Gleb Ivanovich BOKY. Ngaphandle evamile kulabo iminyaka setha zobugebengu - lobunhloli, umsebenzi simelene namaSoviet, njll - .. Wabekwa icala ukudalwa umbuthano spiritualistic, zokuxhumana nemimoya futhi ukubikezela ikusasa. Yini emenza Orthodox amaKhomanisi noma aphendukele ekuthengiseni imfanelo neNkathi ePhakathi?

Young Socialist - inzalo i umndeni ahlukile

usihlalo Ikusasa Petersburg Cheka Gleb Gari wazalelwa June 21, 1879 Tiflis, emndenini yothisha yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali sokuzivocavoca wendawo Ivan Dmitrievich BOKY - inzalo umndeni lasendulo ahlukile, kuyakhulunywa imibhalo yesikhathi Ivan le Kubi. Naphezu ukuhlonipheka imvelaphi, uyise azange abe isimo, ngofuzo okhokho babo, futhi kuphela sibonga nomsebenzi wokuzikhandla ephethwe wasukuma ukuze elisezingeni State iKhansela bese ukuhambisa nomkhaya wakhe ukuba Petersburg.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo-1896 kusuka esikoleni lobuchwepheshe, Hleb engena Petersburg Imayini ubusosha Corps - omunye iyunivesithi ngobukhulu kuleli zwe, kuyinto iziqu ngonyaka odlule waba umfowabo omdala Boris. iziphiwo zemvelo futhi amalungelo ekilasini bavunyelwe ngethemba lokuthola umsebenzi oholela brilliant esikhathini esizayo, kodwa ngekusasa lakhe, zilungisiwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele - umfanyana oneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa ubudala baba nesithakazelo fashion phakathi abafundi imibono ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo yomphakathi emhlabeni futhi ikhanda lakhe wangena ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso.

Ukuqala indlela wamavukelambuso

Ngu ngonyaka ozayo, lobu bumnandi bamyisa kwababusi inhlangano engaphansi komhlaba "Union of Ukushikashikekela yokukhululwa isigaba sabasebenzi." Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngenkuthalo ahileleke umfundi imibuthano eziningi zezombusazwe. Ngo ukufa kukayise, imbangela okwakukhona yithemba lakhe ngesikhathi kuwa amathemba indodana ehloniphekile esikhathini esizayo, Gleb, ngaphandle kokunqikaza, wagxeka umbuso kwamanje nalabo niqinisiwe ngesinqumo ukulwa naso.

Afakwe 1900 ku ezinhlwini RSDLP kanye umkhuba kwelinye ezimayini umphakathi Krivoy rog Gleb Gari yisikhathi sokuqala ngivalelwe, bakhangwa ngokubamba iqhaza eqenjini emthethweni "Labor Maka". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukulandelana engapheli kwemikhono yakhe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene yeziboshwa.

Leli bhukwana Petersburg HC

Njengoba ngokuzimisela izenzakalo-mbuso ka-1905, Gleb BOKY, ogama biography awunakuhlukaniswa tho nge umlando ukunyakaza kwamaBolshevik, zaziwa ngokugcwele sinazo ka romanticism wamavukelambuso. izikhathi nambili alibophela, futhi eminyakeni nesigamu wayichitha evalelwe yedwa, futhi ababili bakhonza bedingiselwe eSiberia. Umbhalo onjalo ithrekhi ungase ngiziqhayise, singagcini nje ngokumlingisa ngesikushoyo uzakwabo. Ngo-1917 Gleb uNobhala kuqokwa we the Petrograd Committee RSDLP (b) ezinsukwini zika-October Revolution kuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kudalwe le Cheka, ilungu Military Revolutionary iKomidi, Gleb Gari ukuthi ophethe umzabalazo wokulwa counterrevolution futhi ukuketula, Ngakho-ke, ngempela okunengqondo waphenduka nokuqokwa kwakhe nephini Moiseya Uritskogo, ngubani ephethwe esanda wadala isakhiwo ingajezisa, Ushiye i inkumbulo ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ku elibuhlungu-izindaba. Lapho, ngo-August 1918, wabulawa kanti Gari labetibambile kokuthunyelwe kwakhe.

Ngo ezingemuva futhi ngaphambili

Ukubulawa lwekhanda lalowo okhethwe Cheka kwaba isizathu mass-ukuvukelwa kombuso imisebenzi, iqalwa usihlalo Petrograd Soviet G. E. Zinovev, futhi isephulamthetho ngqo - Gleb BOKY. On oda yakhe ngalezo zinsuku wadutshulwa abathunjwa amahlanu neshumi nambili, iphutha lakhe kuphela kwaba konke ngemvelaphi yabo emphakathini. ukunambitheka heady wegazi ngokuhlanganyela abalazi ndaba zalutho ka ubugebengu obenziwa nge owayengumfundi yaphenduka silo, eyenziwe uhlelo, isisulu yena obungenza kamuva.

Njengoba impi yombango usaqhubeka, futhi phambili futhi-ke kwakudingekile abona yonke into ayakubona iso weKhomishana okungavamile lokho, Boki abasisiwe kuqala Belarus, ngemuva kwenkululeko yayo kubahlaseli German ithunyelwa Eastern Front, lapho inhloko yoMnyango Special. Ngo-1921, wafika e Moscow, lapho uqala ukusebenza kule Cheka izitho, futhi esikhathini iminyaka 1925-1926 uye wabambelela esikhundleni sokuba iPhini Usihlalo OGPU. Eminyakeni yokwakha kabusha benziwa imiqulu eminingi yomphakathi okubonisa sezingeni yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe uzibophezele phakathi naleso sikhathi, futhi kusobala ukuthi enye imbangela iyona ububi Gleb BOKY, ogama isithombe ngesikhathi enikezwa esihlokweni.

Ukudalwa umnyango zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe we Cheka

Nokho, umsebenzi wayo akugcini kuphela ukuqaliswa esiphikisayo ukuvukelwa kombuso imisebenzi. Kusukela 1921, ephethwe uMnyango ezikhethekile Cheka. Gleb Gari ungumdali ikhadi cryptographic, aphawula ukuqala izinkonzo eziningi zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe ukuthi ukusekela ukusebenza kwe-ejensi. Ngaphezu ukuqapha nokulandela yobumfihlo kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlobene izimfihlo isimo, uMnyango wahlanganyela abaphuca futhi sokuqonda imilayezo ethunyelwe nge zidlulisele zamanxusa.

Ngaphansi kobuholi BOKY nobuchwepheshe, okuye laba isisekelo segama iminyaka eminingi Ciphers esetshenziswa amasevisi imfihlo zombuso waseSoviet Union. Ngo-1936 kwase kunesiqiniseko nokukodwa ngaphezulu laboratories imfihlo ezihilelekile kudalwa ubuthi imisebenzi ekhethekile ukuqeda engadingeki izikhulu umbuso nokwamukela izidakamizwa psychotropic ezingathinta ukwazi abamangalelwa.

Kungalungile ukusho ukuthi, ngokungafani namalungu amaningi nomenklatura phezulu, Gleb Gari kwakungelona careerist futhi imaphi amathuba avelayo. Labo waba nethuba ukuxhumana naye, ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa wagcizelela ukuthi he was fike of the ambalwa ababebe nesibindi sokuba ziyaphikisana izithakazelo imbangela Lenin, futhi kamuva Stalin, okwathi ngokukhululekile, sidelelekile. ' Kusukela eko ngasekupheleni Gari ngisho demonstratively indiva iqhaza emihlanganweni party, wababona njengoba Saze sadlala ngesikhathi.

Ngaphansi kwethonya esontweni nokulumba

Ngokuhamba ngokuxazulula yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe umnyango Special wayevame ukusebenzisa amasevisi izinhlangano zocwaningo hhayi ngokusemthethweni okwakudingeka akwenze nge-GPU. Omunye wabo kwakungu-laboratory neyroenergetiki ngesikhathi eMoscow Isikhungo kokulinganisa Medicine. BOKY amaziyo siqu umholi walo UProfesa AV Barchenko kwaphawula ukuqala yini ubufakazi abaphenyi yabo esizayo angasiqamba athini "sokuhamba kusukela kaMarx-Leninist izikhundla ngaphansi nethonya lezimfundiso ezingaqondakali." UProfesa, wadlala indima ebulalayo e empilweni umsebenzi esiphakeme, wayeyinhloko imfihlo Lodge Masonic "Isayensi sidilizwa".

Barchenko athuthukile phambi amaziyo ahlukahlukene ayekucabanga entsha okulumba ukuthi Gari balithanda ngendlela efanayo njengoba umfundi imfundiso kaMarx. Uprofesa wakwazi ukudweba indilinga abaholi abanazo namanye we OGPU. Zonke ebathenga wamemezela kubo ukusebenzisa nezimfihlakalo futhi "ulwazi oluyimfihlo" ukuze kwakhiwe umphakathi lamaKhomanisi.

Sasuka kwezifiso ubudala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isinqumo we IV iCongress of the Comintern, aphethwe ngo-1922, amaKhomanisi sebekubeke sinqatshiwe ubulungu in the izindawo zokulala Masonic, izikhulu ezimbalwa, eliholwa Bokiem yawela lokhu baqede , ngisho ihlelwe umphakathi imfihlo "esihlanganisiwe zabasebenzi ubuzalwane." Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukwakha umphakathi classless kumigomo wokwehlayo kanye nokuhlonipha inkolo. Ngaphandle leli phuzu lokugcina, ngokuvamile kuhambisana izimiso nobukhomanisi.

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini eyabangela ke Gleb Ivanovich futhi ozakwabo zakhe, abameleli Echelon phezulu amandla leli lizwe Soviet. Ngokusobala, edabula okwakwenzeka inguquko, iMpi * Amandla Betekupakisha Betindzaba Red Terror, bona kucatshangwe kabusha kwezifiso wangaphambili, futhi izingqondo zabo umsuka ukungabaza mayelana bangasephula ngeqiniso elamenyezelwa. It waba nendima futhi ukuziqhenya yokungcwaba ozakwabo wangaphambili emzabalazweni, ukuthatha indawo ephakeme isitebhisi party.

isiphetho esingokwemvelo

Kodwa lutho inkonzo kukaStalin imfihlo abangu kuqhathaniswa ne kankulunkulu wamaGreki wasendulo IziKr, idla izingane lalo. Phakathi "Terror Omkhulu", eziningi OGPU izikhulu wabelane isiphetho izisulu babo abangenacala. I baphendukela Gleba Bokiya. Waboshwa Juni 7, 1937. Lolo suku uye wawela buyimfihlakalo ka isikhulu sezokuphepha zathi ngokuthi Wabantu Commissar Wezangaphakathi Yezhov. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lona ikhanda iKhabhinethi we OGPU hero indaba yethu wethulwa kakade ozankosi.

Lapho ngiphenywa Gari bazama ukuchaza ukuthi, musa sizibeka imigomo yezombusazwe, ngifuna ukwazi iqiniso elimsulwa. Kungakanani ethumba ingqondo izimfundiso zakhe ezingaqondakali, abaphenyi bakwazi ukubona phakathi usesho ukuthi kukhiqizwa endlini baboshwe. Lapho, kanye nobuntu nefilosofi Masonic, izincwadi omisiwe iqoqo yonke phalluses atholakele. Kwakuhlangene ecaleni, kodwa ngosizo lwabo le obuyimfihlo esanda kuzalwa wayethemba ukushintsha izwe - ayikaziwa.

Umusho ngaphandle kokugwetjwa

Nokho, kwesigwebo nefilosofi eyodwa futhi phalluses omisiwe zazimbalwa. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe kukhishwe nokuvuma kwase kuyisikhathi eside wasebenza egumbini elingaphansi kulesi sikhungo abaphenyi eziningi, kuhlanganise i-isiboshwa zamanje. Ngokusho imibhalo, okuye kwabonakala hhayi kuphela ukuzibandakanya kwakhe kumibuthano okulumba we lokukholisa futhi limelene namaSoviet, kodwa futhi asihlola ngoba wakwelinye izwe.

Isiphetho okwengeziwe ummangalelwa ixazululiwe ne kalula efanayo ngayo elahla kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu e eminyakeni eyedlule. Musa ngisho bebona kudingekile ungakubambanga ukulalela. Special NKVD Trika (wayevame kanjani ilungu kathathu enjalo) Gleb Ivanovich isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. kulandele ukubulawa kwabo umusho ngosuku olufanayo. Njengezilwane eziningi lomhlatshelo wakhe siqu, Boki ukuthi avuselelwa kokufa kukaStalin.

Umkhaya nenzalo esingu isikhulu sezokuphepha

Indaba kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye Ukukhuluma womndeni Gleb Ivanovich. Siyazi ukuthi wayeshadile kabili. Umkakhe wokuqala, Sofey Aleksandrovnoy Doller, livela izinguquko umndeni populists, Boki waphila kusuka 1905 kuya ku-1919. Bona wayenamadodakazi amabili - uHelen Oksana, kamuva owaba umka-mlando nesazi isikhulumi Leo Accel.

Ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wesibili ne Dobryakova Elena Alexandrovna wazalwa indodakazi Allah,, ngokuvumelana Umlando wabantu ababephila, wayejabula kakhulu Gleb BOKY. Umzukulu, ozalwa kuwo ngo-1960 futhi ogama lakhe behlonipha kumkhulu wakhe Gleb, kwaba usomabhizinisi ezinkulu Russian owabulawa ku "nineties ephonseka".

isithombe BOKY e yobuciko wesimanje

Ngo yobuciko wesimanje, phakathi kwezinye izibalo we eminyakeni edlule bathole kuveza ebanzi ngokwanele futhi Gleb BOKY. Incwadi ngokuphila lakhe ubulotshiwe ngokushesha ngemva nokuvuselelwa. Kwakuwusuku umkhiqizo wokuqala anjalo. Umbhali wayo kwaba UMargarita Vladimirovna Yamshikova (igama ipeni - Aleksandr Altaev). "Umlando Gleba Bokiya" - ngakho osesikhundleni ke imemori lomuntu ayeyazi. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakusekhona inombolo anikezelwe izincwadi zakhe, futhi uye waba yiqhawe amafilimu eziningana sici. Kwakungeyona indiva ukunaka yabezindaba umzukulu Gleba Bokiya, ogama kokubulawa ngo-1999 imbozwe abezindaba.