Igumbi elikhethekile lokulungiswa kwezigwegwe. Amaklasi okulungiswa ezikoleni

Kulabo bantwana abanzima ukufunda ngokuphathelene nezinkinga zezempilo ezikhona, kunezikhungo ezikhethekile zemfundo noma amakilasi okuqondiswa kwezigwegwe avuliwe esikoleni esivamile. Lapha ungabhala ingane enokukhubazeka noma ukuyeka ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa. Inhloso enkulu yalezi zikhungo kanye namakilasi ukujwayela kwezenhlalo zabafundi nokuhlanganiswa kwabo emphakathini.

Uma ingane iya esikoleni ...

Mayelana nokuthi ingane yabo ihamba ngemuva kweontanga ekuthuthukiseni, abazali abanakekelayo bayayiqonda kakade eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe. Kubonakala ngokucacile ngeminyaka eyisithupha. Ingane ehamba ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni inezinkulumo ezincane kanye nezinga eliphansi lekhono lobuhlakani. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezinjalo azikwazi ukuthi ubambe ipensela ezandleni zabo. Akukhona nje kuphela othisha, kodwa nabazali kuyacaca ukuthi ingane enjalo idinga ukuya ekilasini lokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe. Lokhu kuzomvumela ukuthi azivumelanise nokuphila empilweni yomphakathi nomzimba.

Kuphi amakilasi akhethekile adalwe?

Inqubo yokufundisa izingane ezinokulibaziseka okuthuthukiswayo kungenzeka ihlelwe kunoma iyiphi isikhungo semfundo jikelele. Kulabo abangakwazi ukuthi isigaba sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe esikoleni, kufanelekile ukuchaza ukuthi ithola izingane ezivela emaqenjini akhethekile ezinkampanini zasenkulisa. Futhi ukubhaliswa kungenzeka kuphela ngemvume yabazali, ngesicelo sabo esibhaliwe.

Isigaba sokulungiswa, njengombuso, sivuliwe esigabeni sokuqala sekharikhulamu yesikole. Futhi iyaqhubeka isebenza emfundweni yesibili engaphelele. Ukusebenza nezingane kubasebenzi bezikole kukhona othisha abaqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikole kumele sibe nezincwadi zesayensi nezokuxhumana, kanye nekilasi lezinto ezihambelanayo. Konke lokhu kuzovumela ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yezemfundo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelashwa nokuvimbela kulezi zici ezikhethekile.

Amakilasi okulungisa ezikoleni avulwa ngokuya komyalelo womqondisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele kube nomqondo wezokubonisana kwengqondo kanye nokufundiswa kwezingane zesikole, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwengqondo kwezempilo kanye nesifundazwe.

Ubani ovunyelwe eklasini lokulungiswa kwezigwegwe?

Imfundo ekhethekile esikoleni semfundo ejwayelekile inikezwa izingane ezinenkinga ethile ekutholeni ulwazi, kanye nokungahambisani kahle neqembu. Njengomthetho, abafundi abanjalo banokuphulwa okuncane ebuchosheni, i-CNS, kanye nokushiya ngemuva kwesimo sengqondo esithintekayo.

Esiklasini sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, kuvuliwe esikoleni semfundo jikelele, ungamukeli izingane ezinokukhubazeka okuphawulekayo okuthuthukisiwe. Lapha ungafaka:

- ukwephulwa okukhulu kokuzwa, umbono, amafomu kanye nenkulumo;
- ukuphuza kwengqondo;
- ukwephulwa okukhulunywa ngokuxhumana okuhlangene, okunesimo se-autism yokuqala.

Ukuhumusha ibe ekilasini elivamile

Izingane ezifunda ngaphansi kohlelo olukhethekile zithola ithuba lokuthola ulwazi kanye neontanga zabo. Ukuze udlulisele ekilasini elivamile, ingane idinga ukuba ne-dynamics yentuthuko enhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele aphumelele kahle uhlelo olukhethekile. Lokhu kudluliselwa kungenzeka lapho wenza isinqumo esifanele ngokubonisana kwengqondo-yezokwelapha, kanye nokuvuma komfundi ngokwakhe.

Umbuso womsebenzi nokuphumula

Kwabafundi bokufundela izigwegwe, umsebenzi owusizo kakhulu ubhekwa njengenguquko yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimiso sabo sezinsuku zonke sabekwa ngokucabangela amandla okusebenza okuphansi nokukhathala okusheshayo.

Kubantwana abakhona kusukela ebangeni 1 kuya kwebanga lesithathu, amaholide engeziwe ayethulwa. Lawa bantwana avunyelwe ukuphumula ngoFebhuwari izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Izinzuzo zokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile

Amaklasi okulungiswa ezikoleni anekhono lokugcwalisa abafundi abayisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi nane. Ngenani elikhulu labafundi, isilinganiso kufanele sinikezwe omunye uthisha. Kulesi simo, kwakhiwa isigaba sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe. Inombolo encane yezingane ivumela ukukhokha okuphelele kulowo nalowo.

Uhlangothi oluhle kuleli klasi ukuthi umsebenzi nabafundi awuqhutshwa othisha abajwayelekile, kodwa ngabafundisi-defectologists. Lokhu okukhethekile kufundiswa emayunivesithi. Othisha-defectologists bayacelwa ukuba basebenze nezingane ezinezinkinga zokuthola ukwelashwa okunzima. Laba bafundisi bangathola ukhiye ngisho nezingane ezinzima kakhulu.

Abahlinzeki bezinkulumo bahlanganyela nabafundi abaya emakilasini okulungisa izikole ezikoleni. Uma kunesidingo, ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kuqhutshwa ngabanye. Izazi zengqondo zisebenza nezingane ezifunda ekilasini. Uma kunesidingo, laba ochwepheshe bayeluleka abazali.

Uhlelo lwekhasi lokuqondisa izigwegwe lucabanga ukuthi izingane ezikhethekile zihileleke kulo. Kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca okulula kanye nemisebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela ingane ukuba ihambisane nesiteji sokuqeqesha kancane kancane, ngezinyathelo ezincane. Ngamanye amazwi, uhlelo olunjalo olukhethekile luhambisana nokuthuthuka okuncane komfundi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ekilasini elikhethekile ukuhlanganiswa kwezingane ezinezifo zokuxilonga zezokwelapha ezihlukile kanye nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zengqondo nezengqondo. Ayikho uhlelo jikelele lwawo wonke umuntu. Ngokuvamile, lezi zingane zihlehlela ngemuva kwesinye isihloko kanye nethalenta ngomunye. Ngakho-ke, ingane ingase iphikisana nezibalo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo udwebe njengomculi wangempela, bhala ngokuphambene, kodwa ube nekhono ngezilimi zangaphandle (zona, ngeshwa, azifakiwe ohlelweni olukhethekile).

Esiklasini sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, izingane ezivela emindenini ezingaphumelelanga emphakathini zivame ukuthunyelwa. Izingane ezinjalo, ezinqatshelwe ukunakekelwa kwabazali, okokuqala zalahla ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa. Noma kunjalo, ngezifundo ezijulile, ziyashesha ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zingane ezinempilo ziba nesithukuthezi ukutadisha ngekharikhulamu yesikole esincane.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakilasi okulungisa izigwegwe

Imfundo ekhethekile ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili. Ukuze uthole imfundo, izingane zithunyelwa kubo ngokuhambisana nezifo zezokwelapha. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezigaba zokulungiswa:

- I-yezingane ezizizwayo ezingenakukhubazeka;
- II - izimpumputhe;
- III no-IV - abayimpumputhe nabangaboni kahle;
- V - kubafundi be-stutterers nezingane ezinenkinga yokukhuluma;
- VI - kubafundi abanezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nangokwenyama;
- VII - kubantwana abane-CWD ne-ADHD;
- VIII - ngenxa yokuphuza kwengqondo.

Izigaba ezikhethekile I no-2 zefomu

Bavulelwa ukukhuliswa nokufundiswa kwezingane ezinzima zokuzwa. Lezi zifundo ezikhethekile zokulungiswa kwezigwegwe zenzelwe ukwakha izinkulumo zabafundi ngesisekelo somqondo wokuhlola, ukukhokhela nokulungisa ukushiyeka okungenzeka ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni ngokomzimba. Othisha babeka umgomo wabo ukulungiselela izingane ezinjalo ngokuphila okuzimele. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba zokulungiswa? Uhlelo lomsebenzi lwenqubo jikelele yemfundo yakhelwe ngqo izingane ezingenasithulu. Ukugcwalisa umthamo walesi sifundo kungabantu abayishumi.

Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezigaba ze-III no-IV

Zenzelwe ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo, kanye nokulungiswa kweziphambeko ezinganeni ezinokukhubazeka okubukwayo. Kulezi zinhlobo zamakilasi okuqondisa izigwegwe, izingane ezine-strabismus, ene-amblyopia, zingavunyelwa.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko othisha ukwakhiwa kwezinqubo zokukhokha phakathi kwabafundi. Kule njongo, hhayi nje iqembu kuphela, kodwa futhi izifundo ezithile ziqhutshwa ukuze kuqhutshwe ukuthuthukiswa kokubheka okubonakalayo nokubonwayo kwenkulumo ekhulunywe, ukuma kwezenhlalakahle, i- physiotherapy, isigqi. Inqubo yokufunda kulezi zifundo zokuqondisa izigwegwe, izingane zithuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikharikhulamu yesikole, abafundi abathintekayo abonakale bengaboni kahle. Isizathu sokufundisa izingane ezinjalo yilona uhlelo lweBraille. Utitjhere usebenzisa iimpahla ezingasetjenziswa ze-didactic, kanye neendlela ezithile zokucacisa. Konke lokhu kusivumela ukuba sandise ububanzi bokufinyeleleka kolwazi olwethulwa.

Izigaba ezikhethekile V zefomu

Zidalwe ngenjongo yokufundisa nokufundisa izingane ezinezinkulumo ezinzima zokukhuluma. Ngokufanayo, kukhona usizo oludingekayo ukuqeda izifo ezikhona kanye nezici ezihlobene ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo. Ngentuthuko enhle yengane, angadluliselwa ekilasini elivamile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzodingeka ukuthi uthole umbono wekhomishana yengqondo-yezokwelapha.

Isigaba sesi-5 sokulungiswa kohlobo luhlinzeka ngemfundo ejwayelekile yokuqala iminyaka engama-4-5. Okuvamile kwimfundo eyisisekelo jikelele iyinhloko yeminyaka eyisithupha.

Okokuqala, isigaba sokuqala sokuqeqesha, sinikeza ukulungiswa kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwephula izinga lokukhuluma, umsindo nokuzwa ngezwi, kanye nokuphutha okuhlobene nalezi zifo ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo yengane. Abafundi bafundiswa amakhono olimi olukhulunywe ngendlela evamile, ukulungiswa kwezwi lokubhala ngendlela efanele futhi nokwandisa isitoreji samagama abo.

Esigabeni sesibili semfundo kwabantwana, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxhumana okubhalwa nokubhala ngomlomo, okuvumela ukuba bakwazi ukuzibandakanya empilweni yomphakathi. Isilinganiso esiphakeme sokuhlala esiklasini 5 singabantu abangu-12. Ukulungiswa kweziphulwa ezikhona akukhona kuphela ekilasini, kodwa futhi nasezenzweni ezihlukahlukene.

Izigaba ezikhethekile zohlobo VI

Bafundisa izingane ezikhubazekile ohlelweni lokuqashisa. Esiklasini esithile esikhethekile izinkinga zokulungiswa kwenkulumo, ukuqonda nokuhamba komfundi abafundi zixazululwa. Umgomo walokhu kuqeqeshwa ukufaniswa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokusebenza kwabantwana empilweni yomphakathi. Inombolo ephezulu yabantu uthisha okufanele abhekane nayo kumele ingadluli kweshumi.

Izigaba ezikhethekile zohlobo lwe-VII

Zenzelwe ukufundisa izingane ezinokuphuza kwengqondo. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zibonakaliswa ngobuthakathaka bokunakekelwa nokukhumbula, kanye nokuntuleka kokuhamba kanye nethempo.

Lapho uvakashela amakilasi anjalo, izingane zihlinzekwe ngokujwayelekile komkhakha wemizwelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo. Abafundi bakhiwa amakhono namakhono adingekayo ekwenzeni inqubo yokufunda, futhi kuvuselela imisebenzi yokucabangela. Ukuhlala kwalesi sifundo kungabantu abangu-12. Kulesi simo, izingane zinikwe ukwelashwa kwenkulumo.

Izigaba ezikhethekile ze-VIII

Zidalwa ngenjongo yokufundisa izingane ezinokuphuza kwengqondo ukuze ziqede ukwehluka ekuthuthukisweni. Izigaba zokulungiswa kwezinhlobo ezingu-8 zenzelwe ukuvuselelwa kwezenhlalo nezengqondo kwengane. Lokhu kuzomvumela esikhathini esizayo ngokungenakubuhlungu ngangokunokwenzeka ukujoyina impilo yomphakathi. Ukuhlala okuphezulu kwalesi sifundo kungabantu abangu-8.

Lokhu kuqeqesha kuyaqedwa ngesitifiketi somsebenzi. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kufaka phakathi isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo namasu okukhiqiza.