Igumbi lika-Abrama: Biography kanye namafilimu

Wayengumqondisi onethalente, owehlukile futhi owenza izinto ezimangalisayo. Wayelokhu ezama ukukhombisa ukuvala komuntu, ukuvula imizwa yabantu, ngaleyo ndlela angayinaki into ejabulisa kakhulu ye-cinematic. U-Abram Rohm wenza amafilimu lapho ukunakekelwa konke kugxile kumuntu othize, inkinga yakhe kanye nezimfihlo eziyimfihlakalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqondisi wayelokhu efuna izixazululo ezintsha namafomu e-cinema, ezama ukukhulisa imingcele yobuciko bezobuciko. U-Abram Romm uqhathanise umlingisi wezobuchwephesha onomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe, umshini othile owenziwe nge-biomechanics yakamuva ...

Phakathi neminyaka yomsebenzi wakhe, imizi emithathu yaba yindoda yakhe ethandekayo nomdabu wayo: uVilna, uSaratov noMoscow. Ngesinye isikhathi ebuntwaneni bakhe besidlula, kwesinye isikhathi wenza izinyathelo zokuqala zobuciko, kanti okwesithathu wadala amafilimu akhe amahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, u-Abram Romm waba udumo hhayi nje kuphela njengomqondisi, naye wayengumdwebi wesikrini esinekhono. Yayiyini indlela yakhe yokudala nokuthi yiziphi ifilimu ezenze ukuba aqashe izwe? Ake sicabangele le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Igumbi lika-Abram Matveyevich lizalwa edolobheni laseBaltic laseVilna. Wazalwa ngoJuni 28, 1894.

Abazali bakhe babengabantu abacebile, ngakho babefuna indodana yabo ukuthola imfundo ehloniphekile. Umfana uya egumbini lokuzivocavoca, futhi kamuva uya esikhungweni sePetrograd Psychoneurological Institute. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, impi yombango iqala kuleli zwe, futhi le nsizwa iyingxenye yalo.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wokudala

Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yekhulu lokugcina, Igumbi lika-Abrama liseseSaratov. Lapha, esiteji seTheater of Miniatures avule, ubeka ukudlala kwakhe okokuqala okokuqala. Isikhathi esincane sizodlula, futhi le nsizwa izokwakhiwa ithempeli layo elibizwa nge "Pigeon". Kodwa-ke, inzalo yakhe izobe ivalwe kamuva, ibone emsebenzini wezakhi zegumbi le-philistinism, ukuhlukumeza kanye nesifundazwe. Kodwa le nsizwa, eyafunda imithi eYunivesithi yaseSaratov, yaqhubeka nokubandakanya ubuciko, okokuqala njengomfundisi wophiko lobuciko bendawo, bese kuthi njengomqondisi wamasifundisane asezingeni eliphezulu e-art art. Ukuphathwa kwezingqungquthela zezingane nezobuboniso kwakudinga u-Abram Matveyevich ukuba enze isiteji sakhe, futhi le nsizwa yajabula ngokuyenza.

Ngesikhathi uLunacharsky ngokwakhe ngesikhathi ehlala emzini edolobheni laseVolga wabona imiboniso yendodana yakhe futhi wajabula kakhulu nabo. I-Commissar ye-People's Education ngokwabo yakhuluma nomqondisi wokuqala futhi yaqinisekisa ukuthi i-Abrama Igumbi iya enhloko-dolobha, lapho engakwazi khona ukuthuthukisa ithalenta yakhe ngokugcwele.

Ngo-1923 insizwa ifika eMoscow.

Imisebenzi enhloko-dolobha

Ekuqaleni wamukelwa njengomqondisi weTheatre of Revolution, wabe eseba uthisha e-Higher Pedagogical School ye-All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Ngokuhamba kancane, Igumbi livusa isithakazelo ekubukeni kwesithombe. Ngokushesha le nsizwa izama isandla ensimini entsha.

Umsebenzi wokuqala kusethe

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-Abram Rohm, onobuciko befilimu obandakanya imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-12 emabhayisikobho, naye wasebenza emidwebo, ukudubula okungakaze kugcwaliswe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yomsebenzi wakhe wazama ukunxusa ama-classic.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yi-comedy "Umhlanga we-vodka" (1924). Ephakathi nendaba ehlekisayo i-shoemaker-apprentice, owazi ukunikela emaphoyiseni ama-moon ajwayelekile kakhulu. Nokho, konke lokhu kwenzeka ephusheni. Ngeshwa, lesi sithombe se-maestro asisinde kuze kube yizinsuku zethu. Kwabe sekulandela ifilimu emfushane ethi "Yini ethi" Mos ", lokhu kuqagela umbuzo" (1924). Futhi lo msebenzi, lapho u-Abrama Rohm akwenza njengomqondisi nombhalo wezincwadi, akazange agcinwe. Isakhiwo salesi sithombe asizange sichazwe.

Ngo-1926, i-maestro yaqala ukudubula ifilimu egcwele "i-Bay of Death." Kodwa-ke, indaba yezenzakalo ezivela emkhunjini "Swan" ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, ayizange ibangele ukubuyekezwa kwamahlaya kusuka kubagxeka befilimu. Angizange ngithande le ifilimu nezikhulu zaseSoviet, ezazizwa ukuthi umbhali uzame ukuveza izihloko ezinzima kakhulu.

Impumelelo yokuqala

Udumo lwafika ku-Abram Matveyevich ngemuva kokukhululwa kwe-tape "I-Third Meshchanskaya" (1927). Kulo, wabeka lowo muntu nemizwa yakhe phambili. Indaba yexantathu lothando yathokozisa umbukeli weSoviet ongenakulinganiswa. U-Abrama Rohm, omamafilimu akhe abe yi-cinema ye-cinema yaseSoviet, wabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani owesifazane uzizwe ezwa ngamadoda amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kumadoda nabangane phakathi kwabo. Kodwa esithombeni sokugcina owesifazane ushiya kokubili. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla azizange zihlanganyele nomdlandla wezilaleli, kucabangela isithombe esivela emibonweni yobuqiniso bezenhlalo.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920 uAbram Rohm, owazi kahle ukuthi ufanelwe ukuhlolwa okuhlukile, ususa isithombe esisodwa esingenakuqondakala iziphathimandla zaseSoviet. Umbuzo othi "Ukunciphisa okungabuyi" (1929). Kule ifilimu, i-maestro idonsa umbukeli ukuthi ezimweni zokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi, umuntu uyakwazi ukuzalwa kabusha.

Vula

Ngemuva kokukhululwa amathrekhi wezithombe "I-Meshchanskaya YesiThathu" nethi "Umlobokazi Ongaphenduki", kanye ne-documentary "Bumps", ekhuluma indaba yokuphila kwamakholoni amaJuda, iziphathimandla zagijima egumbini.

Ngenxa yalokho, umqondisi "waxoshwa" esuka eMoscow waya enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukrainian SSR.

Sebenza eKiev

Lapha i-maestro ihlelwe ukusebenzela i-studio yefilimu "i-Ukrafilm". Ngokushesha, u-Abrama Rohm, owayefake isithombe sakhe njalo emshinini weSoviet, waqala ukuqopha ifilimu ethi "Austere Youth" (1935). Le drama yothando yamafilosofi ngothando izongena enqolobaneni ye-cinema yaseSoviet. Isikripthi sabhalwa ngu-Yuri Olesha.

Indaba yezinthando zefilosofi

Esikhathini sefilimu, azikho izikhathi ezicacile: ngokufanayo, ama-heroes "ashona" eenkhathini ezedlule ahlangene: osindile uFedor Citronov, uDkt. Stepanov kanye nabamele abesizukulwane esisha imizimba yabo eyenziwa njengabadlali bamaGreki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazama ukuphelela kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomoya, ngokunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yekhodi yokuhlonipha, esekelwe ngobunzima bomoya, isimo sengqondo, ukubekezela, ukuziphatha okuhlanzekile.

Nokho, kule ifilimu kukhona enye ikhodi yemithetho eqondisa intombazane encane. Umbuso wakhe oyinhloko uwukuthi: "Uma ufuna okuthile, ke uvumele izifiso zakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini. Ungagodli izifiso zakho. "

Isithombe sakhiwe ngendlela yokuncintisana okuphakade, umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokuba nelungelo lokuphelela. Lapha imali ayiyidlali indima, ayikho ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle, futhi konke kwenziwa ukuze kwakha isizwe esisha. Kodwa okuphawulekayo ukuthi ukulingana akunakwakhiwa ngisho nasendaweni ekahle. Ungakwazi ukuqhuba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezengulube, unikeza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-edification, kodwa abantu ababili abafanayo ngeke bakwazi ukukhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama kanzima kangakanani.

Kukhona umugqa wothando ku-"Strict Boy". Umqondisi futhi u-Abram Rohm uphakamisa isihloko semicabango yothando. Amahhashi aphoqeleka ukuba akhethe, naphezu kokuthi, kusukela ekubukeni kokuziphatha, kunzima. Ngakho-ke, i-maestro yafakazela ngokucacile - ngisho nasemphakathini omuhle kunendawo yothando olulodwa.

Le filimu yaba yifilosofi futhi iyamangalisa: okwesikhathi eside abazange bakwazi ukuvela negama. Ekuqaleni, banikezwa ngokuthi "i-Discobol", bese kuthi "amaKomsomolets kaMicrosoft", kodwa washintsha waba yi-"Strict Youth". Futhi ngo-1936 abacwaningi babenqatshelwe ukubonisa lesi sithombe sefilosofi esibukweni esikhulu, echaza lokhu ngokuthi isakhiwo sesithombe asikho iqiniso, futhi umqondo wayo awuqondakali ngokuphelele. Le filimu yayibekwe eshalofini kwaze kwaphakathi kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, futhi kuphela lapho yaqala ukubonisa izilaleli eziningi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkinga eziphakanyiswe kule tape "Youth Strict", futhi namuhla zifanelekile.

Ikhefu lokudala

Ngokwemvelo, ngemuva kokuphendula iziphathimandla esithombeni "kwentsha yase-Austere", i-maestro ayisakwazi ukubukeka kahle ngokugxeka emsebenzini wakhe. Akasekho amafilimu, egxila ekufundiseni kuphela.

Kodwa emva kwesikhashana waqaphela ukuthi ukubiza kwakhe kwangempela kwakuqondisa.

Umoya wesibili

Ngo-1940, uAbram Matveyevich weza ezosebenzela uMosfilm, ukudubula le movie. Ngalesi sikhathi ubeka izithombe ezamukelekayo kuma-censors. Amafilimu alandelayo avunyelwe ukubuka: "Isikwele No. 5" (1939), "Ukuhlasela" (1944), "Ezintabeni zaseYugoslavia" (1946).

Isiteji Esizayo Sokudala

Ngo-1956 I-Roem yaphendukela esihlokweni somthwalo wemithwalo odokotela, okungenani, okufanele basindise izimpilo. Ngenxa yalokho, ifilimu "Inhliziyo ishaya futhi ...". Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, i-maestro iqondiswe izithombe ezisekelwe emisebenzini yama-classical yaseRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, sikhuluma ngezibhebhe "Garnet Isongo" (ngokusho kukaPprin, ngo-1964), "Izimbali zithandwa" (ngokusho kukaChekhov, 1969).

Eminye indima

U-Abram Matveyevich wayengewona kuphela umqondisi wefilimu, kodwa futhi nomqondisi wezobuciko zamafilimu athi "Icala No. 306" (1956), "Emanxiweni ka-Count" (1957). Kule filimu "Kiss Mary Pickford" wazama isandla sakhe esebenza njengomdlali.

Umnikelo wobuciko

Ngokungangabazeki, uRoh waba umbhali wendlela entsha ebhayisikobho. Abashayeli be-cinematographer banamuhla bangazibiza ngokuthi yi-style hyperrealism, esekelwe ekuhloliseni imvelo, umdlalo womculi nento, ukugcizelela emhlabeni wangaphakathi womuntu.

Ukuze athole i-niche yakhe kwezobuciko wasizwa ngemisebenzi yesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo V. Bekhterev kanye nomhlaziyi we-psychology kaZ. Freud, usebenza esiteji sezemidlalo, umsebenzi wezokwelapha ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle komsebenzi

Ingabe igumbi lika-Abrama lalijabule ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe? Ukuphila komuntu siqu kumqondisi kwakungcono kakhulu. Washada nomdlali we-actress u- Olga Zhizneva, owadubula cishe zonke izithombe. Kodwa kwakungenabantwana no-Abram Matveyevich.

U-Maestro wadlula ngo-July 26, 1976 eMoscow. Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseVvedensky (eJalimane), eduze komkakhe.