TVEL - Uhlaziyo oluningiliziwe lokhu ...

Isihloko ekutshela ngalokho TVEL, ngoba kubonisa ukuthi, lapho kufanele khona, ukuthi ungadala kanjani uphinde ukuthi kulesi sikhungo awusebenzisi TVEL.

inkathi yama-athomu

Mhlawumbe egatsheni elicinathunjana Amandla enuzi. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, ososayensi bakwazi kancane ukubhekana neqiniso ukuthi lokhu imisebe, ukuwohloka enemisebe futhi okuyinto izinto ukuthi lawa izakhiwo. Eminingi yale ulwazi kuwufanele wokuphila, njengoba umthelela elimazayo emisebeni ku eziphilayo isikhathi eside yaqhubeka ingaziwa.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile iye yasetshenziswa kokubili ukuphila ezivamile lempi. Njengamanje wonke amazwe athuthukile kufanele ngezikhali zabo zenuzi nezitshalo amandla enuzi, okunikeza semali amandla kungakhathaliseki ombiwa phansi noma imithombo yemvelo njengamanzi (sikhuluma emifula izitshalo amandla).

TVEL - a ...

Kodwa ukuze ukwakha amandla enuzi ngokuhlakaza ngoba ugesi noma ezinye izinjongo, okokuqala udinga ukwenza fuel ezifanele, ngoba i-uranium yemvelo enemisebe Nokho, kodwa amandla alo akwanele. Ngenxa izinhlobo eziningi sikhungo usebenzisa uphethiloli esekelwe uranium abasizakali, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, selulayisheke kudivayisi ekhethekile okuthiwa TVEL. TVEL - idivayisi ekhethekile liyingxenye enuzi kanye iqukethe fuel zenuzi. design yabo kanye uhlobo fuel sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe.

design

Kuye uhlobo izakhi ophendulayo fuel, abanye imingcele zingase zehluke, kodwa design jikelele idivayisi iphinde isimiso esifanayo. Ukukhuluma nje, TVEL - ngamapayipi eziyize yazalwa ingxubevange zirconium nabanye nezinye izinsimbi, okuyinto efakwe fuel zithutha ka-uranium dioxide.

fuel

Uranium kunazo "egijima" we imfucumfucu enemisebe, ngesisekelo yalo ukhiqiza sebuningini nezinye isotopes wasebenzisa kokubili umkhakha futhi izikhali. Yezimayini ke akuhlukile kangako kusukela nezimayini zamalahle, futhi zemvelo, isimo semvelo, kuphephile ngokuphelele abantu. Ngakho izindaba eziphathelene uranium ezimayini, lapho abadingisiwe ukuphila wagwetshwa iziboshwa, hhayi ningi than inganekwane. Lo mlisa kulindeleke ukuthi bafe bengenalwazi elangeni futhi ukusebenza kanzima emayini kuka ekuguleni ngemisebe.

uranium misela silula - Ukuqhuma smash edwaleni, bese-ke ilethwa kwamanzi, lapho ekuhlungeni futhi kucutshungulwe. Inqubo-uranium nokunonophala kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa eRussia kwenziwa ngosizo igesi Centrifuges. uranium Okokuqala is kuguquka isimo gaseous, ngalokho igesi Centrifuge bedle amandla centrifugal is ehlukanisiwe kanye isotopes oyifunayo abahlukene. Ngemva kwalokho, ibe-uranium dioxide icindezelwa ku zithutha futhi ukulayishwa zibe izakhi nophethiloli. Lena indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ukukhiqiza yokubasela izakhi nophethiloli.

isicelo

Inombolo fuel izinduku ku ophendulayo incike ubukhulu, uhlobo kanye nomthamo. Ngemva womshini basuke alayishwe ophendulayo, lapho iqala avuze zenuzi ukuqoqwa ukuphendula, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa ukukhethwa enamandla izindodla ukushisa, esebenza njengoba umthombo energy. amandla ophendulayo futhi ungalawula inani izakhi fuel endaweni yokusebenza. Ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba kufakwe ekuqhubeni entsha, nge zithutha "fresh" ka-uranium dioxide. Ngakho manje siyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini TVEL njengoba kwenziwa nokuthi yini okudingeka. Nokho, akubona bonke Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi abadinga lezi zinto, futhi RTGs.

RTG

I radioisotope generator thermoelectric - umshini yi efanayo simiso Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, kodwa inqubo awusekelwe ama-athomu kwamazinyo chain reaction, futhi ezishisayo. Ngamafuphi nje, kungcono kulungiselelwa omkhulu, oveza eziningi ekushiseni Radioactive okuyinto yena, is iguqulwe ngqo ugesi. Ngokungafani zenuzi sikhungo RTGs okungenazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo, zinokwethenjelwa ngaphezulu, icwecwe futhi iqine. Kodwa abe nekghono ephansi kakhulu.

Sasebenzisa kubo ikakhulukazi lezo zimo lapho akunakwenzeka ukuthola amandla ngezinye izindlela noma izindlela zazo zilukhuni kakhulu. Phakathi RTGs Soviet ucwaningo enikeziwe futhi esiteshini Meteorological eNyakatho Ekude, zezibani ugu, ulwandle buoys, njll .. N.

Okwamanje, zingabantu neligwadulekile, kodwa ezinye zazo zisekhona esikhundleni ekhaya yasekuqaleni futhi ngokuvamile abavikelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ingozi, isibonelo, eziningana izikhungo ezinjengalezi ngu metal non-ayoni inkosikazi iyazama ukuqonda futhi umzuzile ngemisebe eqinile, futhi Georgia bendawo abayisebenzisa njengesiqondiso umthombo ukushisa futhi wahlushwa emisebeni ukugula.

Ngakho manje siyazi iyunithi izakhi fuel futhi ukuqonda izincazelo. TVEL kungamaphethelo ebalulekile ophendulayo, okungakwazi zisebenze ngaphandle.