Imfundiso uTruman

Truman Doctrine yabeka isisekelo isu containment umbuso zamaKhomanisi, yasungulwa kanti elandelayo enguMengameli waseMelika phakathi "iMpi Yomshoshaphansi". Umgomo wayo lomkhulu kwaba ukuhlasela kokuphikiswa okwakuthe chithi saka ka amaKhomanisi.

Ngemva kwempi, iSoviet Union ukwenze konke in the ephakathi futhi eningizimu-empumalanga yeYurophu amandla amabutho pro-Soviet bakwazi ukuza, ikakhulukazi leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Futhi kuze kube manje sifuna ukuletha izimangalo eTurkey indawo, befuna ukushintsha isimo eStraits, kuhlanganise i-iDardanelles, lapho Union wayedinga base wamabutho asolwandle.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo Greece kwaba ezikhulayo yabashokobezi ukunyakaza, eyayiholwa amaKhomanisi. Isekela cross-border-Albania, eBulgaria futhi eYugoslavia, lapho umbuso zamaKhomanisi usumisiwe.

Emhlanganweni eLondon, lapho ongqongqoshe basemazweni wabutha wonke amazwe ayengawabantwana wawunamalungu oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha, iSoviet Union anxenxa amnike unelungelo protectorate phezu Libya ukuqinisekisa ubukhona balo eMedithera. Lo mzamo ukusebenzisa le nhlangano collective okwandisa umbuso walo kubangelwa alamu phakathi amazwe aseNtshonalanga.

ICommunist Party of Italy naseFrance ezazibhekwa kulawa mazwe, amandla ngobukhulu, kanye nohulumeni wonke amanye amazwe bangamakhomanisi. EU.SSR emva amabutho aseMelika azihlanganisa waqala ezwekazini laseYurophu, okuyizona ngayo amandla ezempi.

Kunengqondo ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphathwa ncisheka cha nqanda eSoviet Union.

Nokho, ahamba phezu kolwandle enza futhi, uthe ukhathazekile ngohlangothi isimo e-Europe kanye bafuna izindlela uyixazulule. US Ukuhileleka uye wazibonakalisa inqubomgomo kanzima "containment" we Ukungena okwandile wobukhomanisi. Ngenxa Washington, kwaba kuphela indlela yokugwema impi.

Inqubomgomo angaphandle ohlelweni United States waba eshiwo nguMengameli Truman izwe e umyalezo Congress entwasahlobo ka-1947. Ukulandela Ukuphasiswa kwalo mthetho wayethole amandla umthetho.

Truman Doctrine lapho amemezela enkulumweni yakhe ukugxekile lokhu zokucindezela umthetho lamaKhomanisi. UMongameli wabonisa imigomo eqinile ingozi kuyovela emhlabeni ngenxa ukusungulwa izinhlelo ezifana kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho kwamandla Congress ayezimisele ukusiza lokuqala eTurkey Greece, bese kwamanye amazwe, okuyinto usengozini "isifo lamaKhomanisi."

Truman Imfundiso inikeza ukunikezwa Turkey naseGrisi financial aid - amadola ayizigidi ezingu anamakhulu mane, okwakuthiwa ulwe "ingozi lamaKhomanisi" eyasongela kulawo mazwe.

Ukuhileleka kwezomnotho okunjalo kwaholela basayine izivumelwano ne ohulumeni lala mazwe ngo-June nango-July 1947.

imfundiso Truman wajaha omunye umgomo: ukuze azolinciphisa ukunyakaza sezenhlalo yelinyenti ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, kanjalo ezikhandla ingcindezi engapheli iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu kanye nezinye emazweni sezenhlalo kwekamu.

I-United States balondoloza Inqubomgomo tekwesekela iyiphi zamabutho mva nemibuso, ngakho imfundiso Truman isibe yithuluzi ukuphazamiseka Washington lingabacindezeli ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe European. Umphumela waba "impi yomshoshaphansi" Ziphampa umkhawulo isimo ngamazwe. Kwaba isiqalo emikhulu usizo lwebutho "ezithakazelisayo" US amazwe, sakhela phezu izindawo zabo amanethiwekhi lonke elisekela ezempi.

I Truman Imfundiso yasungulwa iqhaza Alena Dallesa, Loy Henderson, George Kennan, nezinye osopolitiki American futhi osomaqhinga. Ngakho Egard Uolles, ababekade US likamongameli, abakanye Roosevelt, wacabanga uyahlanya isinyathelo ngempi, okuzoba nomphumela esimweni esibucayi ngamazwe ngokujulile.