Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo: incazelo, ngokuyisisekelo futhi umqondo oyisisekelo

Lapho ifilosofi inkhulumomphendvulwano iyaqala ehlaselwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo, yezimo abhekene pops nesibongo Chernyshevskogo N. G., yehlukene kaningi okubalwa futhi umlobi, isazi sefilosofi, isazi-mlando, critique omkhulu othanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Didenko unezinkolelo konke okuhle - ubufakazi uhlamvu, nesifiso esinamandla inkululeko, nengqondo esangulukile futhi okunengqondo. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela okunengqondo Egoism Chernyshevskogo - lokhu kungesinye isinyathelo ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi.

definition

Ngaphansi Egoism okunengqondo kumelwe siwaqonde isikhundla zefilosofi elikhulula ngayinye bokuphakama ngabanye izithakazelo zabo phezu izithakazelo zabanye abantu futhi nomphakathi wonkana.

Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: yini okunengqondo Egoism kuyahluka ngobugovu ukuphila ngenxa yokuqonda kwakhe? Abagqugquzeli Egoism okunengqondo baphikisa ngokuthi i Egoist ecabanga kuphela yena. Nakuba okunengqondo Egoism ukunganakwa ezingenanzuzo nezinye ubuntu, futhi angeke akwazi simo sengqondo sobugovu ukuba konke, kodwa kuphela selivela emfushane obona ngokucacile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho njengoba ubuwula.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo okunengqondo ezazizozuzisa kungenziwa ngokuthi ikhono siphile izithakazelo zabo kanye nemibono, ngaphandle kokuphikisana umbono wabanye.

Umlando omncane

Egoism Rational iqala ukuvela ngisho endulo, lapho u-Aristotle wamthatha wamyisa indima kwenye yezingxenye yenkinga ubungani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi Ezemfundo isiFulentshi, Helvétius ucabangela zobugovu ezinengqondo njengoba engenakwenzeka nokuhlalisana ibhalansi nezingxoxo ezinenjongo phakathi uyigovu uthando womuntu nezinzuzo zezenhlalo.

Ucwaningo eningiliziwe ngale ndaba kwaba Feuerbach L. Ngokusho kwakhe, ubuhle komuntu kusekelwe umuzwa wokwaneliseka siqu kusukela ukwaneliseka lomunye umuntu.

Ukutadisha ngokujulile imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo wathola Chernyshevsky. Yayisekelwe nokuchazwa Egoism ngabanye njengendlela yokubonisa Umbuso lwesintu lulonke. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma nazo nezithakazelo zezinkampani, ngasese futhi womuntu, lona wamuva kufanele enqoba.

ukubukwa Chernyshevskogo

Ngokuqinisekile indlela yabo sefilosofi umbhali ngalo yaqala ngala Hegel, ethi konke Elakhe yedwa. Ukunamathela ifilosofi Hegel no ukuhlobanisa imibono ka Chernyshevsky nokho sinqatshiwe conservatism yakhe. Futhi kokuba ngajwayelana emibhalweni yakhe yokuqala, uqala ukwenqaba kubonakala futhi ubona ifilosofi Hegelian yokuntula okuqhubekayo:

• UMdali Eqinisweni Hegel khona umoya ngokuphelele futhi umqondo ophelele.
• Ingqondo esezingeni eliphakeme futhi umbono kwakungamadodana amabutho ukushayela of ukuthuthukiswa.
• conservatism Hegel futhi ukuzinikela kwakhe uhlelo amakhosi asendulo-absolutist yezwe.

Ngenxa yalokho, Chernyshevsky waqala ukugcizelela ubumbaxambili theory Hegel futhi ukumgxeka njengoba isazi sefilosofi. Isayensi iye yaqhubeka nokuguquguquka nakumafilosofi Hegel analo umbhali usemdala futhi ilahlekelwe incazelo.

Hegel - Feuerbach

Hhayi uyaneliswa nefilosofi Hegelian Chernyshevsky waphendukela imisebenzi Ludwig Feuerbach, kamuva wamenza sefilosofi okuthiwa uthisha wakhe.

Esihlokweni sakhe "luwumgogodla wobuKristu," Feuerbach uthi isimo futhi umqondo womuntu buhlukile nomunye, futhi inkolo ephakeme idalwa futhi umcabango womuntu, kuveza Kuhlekuhle lomuntu siqu. Lo mbono kakhulu liphefumulelwe Chernyshevsky, futhi kwatholakala kuwo ukuthi ufunani.

Ngisho esekudingisweni, ebhalela namadodana akhe mayelana ephelele ifilosofi Feuerbach , futhi yena wayemane umlandeli wakhe othembekile.

Ingqikithi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela okunengqondo ezazizozuzisa emisebenzini Chernyshevsky ngokuqondile inkolo, isimilo ukukhohliseka zenkolo. Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, ngamunye uzithanda yena kuphela. Futhi njengoba ubugovu eshukumisela abantu ukuba bathathe isinyathelo.

Nikolay Gavrilovich emsebenzini wakhe usikisela ukuthi izinhloso abantu abakwazi khona natures eziningana ezahlukene, futhi lonke iqoqo womuntu ofisayo kwenye nemvelo, ngokuvumelana nomthetho efanayo. Igama lo mthetho - Egoism okunengqondo.

Zonke izenzo womuntu zisekelwe emazwini komuntu ku inzuzo yakhe siqu kanye nezenhlalakahle. Ngokwesibonelo, okunengqondo ezazizozuzisa kubhekwe njengento umhlatshelo womuntu ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yothando noma ubungane, ngenxa noma iyiphi inzalo. Ngisho e isenzo esinjalo siqu kubala flash ubugovu.

Uyini umbono wolwazi lokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo ngokuvumelana Chernyshevsky? Iqiniso ukuthi siqu izimfuno zabantu azingqubuzani nomphakathi futhi akuyona ngiphambene nabo, kanjalo uzuze phakade abanye. Izimiso ezinjalo zifundisa kuphela wamukele futhi wazama ukudlulisela nabanye abalobi.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo washumayela kafushane Tchernyshevskiy njengoba mbono "abantu abasha."

Umqondo oyisisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo ihlola kuzuze ubuhlobo nabanye nokungabi kukhethwa labo enenzuzo kakhulu. Kusukela umbono kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela, ibonakalisa ukuzibeka emuva nokusebenzela esiza abantulayo baqiniseka lutho. Baye okusho kuphela labo kuwukubonakaliswa lezi zimfanelo, okwakuyoholela PR, inzuzo, nokunye. N.

Ngaphansi Egoism okunengqondo ukuqonda nekhono ukuthola indawo ephakathi amakhono ethu siqu kanye nezidingo zabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye kusekelwe kuphela self-uthando. Kodwa ngengqondo, omunye uyaqaphela ukuthi uma kukhona ukucabanga kuphela yena, khona-ke nazo ezihlukahlukene omkhulu lwezindaba, befuna kuphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo siqu. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu beze ukulinganiselwa siqu. Kodwa lokhu kwenziwa futhi, hhayi ngoba bethanda abanye, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uthando. Ngakho-ke, kulesi simo kungcono ukukhuluma Egoism okunengqondo.

Ukubonakaliswa imfundiso yokuziphendukela noveli "ukwenzani na?"

Njengoba umongo walokho okuxhunywana ngakho inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Chernyshevsky kwaba ukuphila egameni lomunye umuntu, lokhu ke yilokhu united nebalingisi inoveli yakhe "ukwenzani na?".

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela okunengqondo ezazizozuzisa enovelini "ukwenzani na?" Uveta akukho okunye, kokubili ngokoMthetho zokuziphatha, isidingo yokusizana ngokuletha abantu ndawonye. Heroes noveli yilokho uxhuma. OnguMthombo wenjabulo ngabo - ukukhonza abantu impumelelo imbangela, okuyincazelo yegama ezimpilweni zabo.

Izimiso ze-theory afaneleko kanye ezimpilweni siqu izinhlamvu. Chernyshevsky wasibonisa indlela esingayenza ngayo uthando ngokugcwele kukhombise ngokusobala ubuso umphakathi yomuntu.

Man ongakhanyiselwe kungase kubonakale ubugovu ezimfushane noveli Maria Alekseevna Heroine liseduze kakhulu le nobugovu "abantu abasha." Kodwa empeleni yayo kuphela ukuthi kuhloswe mvelo ukuze ubuhle nenjabulo. inzuzo Sole yomuntu kumele bahlangabezane umphakathi, ezihlonzwe ne izimfuno zabantu abasebenza.

injabulo Lonely alikho. Injabulo okungafanele komuntu oyedwa incike Injabulo yazo zonke kanye nezenhlalakahle jikelele emphakathini.

Chernyshevsky njengoba isazi sefilosofi neze bavikela nobugovu nencazelo yalo oqondile. Rational Egoism namaqhawe kule noveli ikhomba izinzuzo zayo ukuze kuzuze abanye abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhulula Vera ekucindezelweni yasekhaya, ukukhulula ke kusukela isidingo sokushada futhi kungabi ngenxa yothando futhi siqiniseke ukuthi yena uthanda Kirsanov, Lopukhov ingena ithunzi. Lokhu kungesinye salezo zibonelo ukubonakaliswa Egoism okunengqondo e inoveli Chernyshevsky sika.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela Egoism okunengqondo - ngesisekelo yefilosofi inoveli, lapho ayikho indawo ubugovu, ukuhaha komuntu. Maphakathi inoveli muntu, amalungelo akhe, izinzuzo zakhe. Lokhu umbhali ubiza ukuba ayiyeke le hoarding elimazayo ukuze akayitholi injabulo yangempela yomuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo ezingezinhle noma sisindwa ukuphila kwakhe.

Nakuba inoveli yabhalwa ngekhulu le-19, izisekelo zayo ezisebenzayo kuleli zwe lanamuhla.