Imifula ye-Arctic Ocean: Northern Dvina, Pechora, ob

Yonke imifula ye-Arctic Ocean ageleza badabula leyo ndawo ezintaba zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngokwesibonelo, umfula ezinkulu American Mackenzie. Lesi sihloko sizodingida ezinye imifula Arctic Ocean eRussia, phakathi kwabo kukhona umfula ngobukhulu amanzi planethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ayisithupha nanhlanu amaphesenti notshwala amanzi wezwe lakithi fanele somfula-Arctic Ocean. Phakathi kwabo, uneqhaza elikhulu livela imifula emikhulu njenge-Pechora, Northern Dvina, ob, Khatanga, Yenisey, uLena Kolyma, Indigirka nabanye abaningi.

Izici imifula ye-Arctic Ocean

Lezi imifudlana eduze nolwandle yonkana emathafeni futhi emathafeni. Ngenxa yokuthi sifinyelela engezansi ezolile zabo, endleleni azikho izithiyo ethile. Basin ye-Arctic Ocean isikhathi eside kakhulu embozwe iqhwa. Catering ikakhulukazi eneqhwa nemvula. Entwasahlobo, kukhona ezingeni amanzi ukuvelela 10-15 amamitha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imifula Arctic Ocean ageleza ikakhulukazi ukusuka enyakatho uye iqhwa liyancibilika esezansi umhla phezulu. Ngakho-ke ekhiqizwa sezimoto kanye ice amadamu.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina River ithwala amanzi alo emazweni yezihloko emibili Russian Federation - Arkhangelsk futhi Vologda izifunda. Lo mfula omkhulu agelezela White Sea, ephumela emanzini-Arctic Ocean. Wakhe 'emsulwa "ubude ayizinkulungwane 0.7 amakhilomitha, kanye Sukhona - .. ayizinkulungwane 1.3 km, futhi uma kubhekwa kanye Vychegda -. Khona-ke ayizinkulungwane 1.8 km.

River Delta oluthatha indawo enkulu, welula ensimini ka ubude 37 kanye ububanzi 45 amakhilomitha. Lapha emfuleni Ihlukana iziteshi eziningi futhi imikhono (namashumi amahlanu). River kwamanzi ngomlomo ezintathu namakhulu isigamu cubic metres ngomzuzwana.

Amanzi umbuso we-Northern Dvina

Uhlobo eyinhloko ukudla iqhwa. Northern Dvina River imbozwe cap ice esikhathini kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMfumfu kuya ekuqaleni kuka November, ukhululeka ke ngesikhathi kusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kuka May. Nakuvulwa emfuleni entwasahlobo ngokuvamile isiminyaminya, iqhwa drift ngempela ngokushesha.

Swimming pool Northern Dvina River omkhulu, kuba 360 ayizinkulungwane. ^Km2. nemingenela zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe Arctic Ocean umcengezi: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga nabanye. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-27 Kunezinhlobo izinhlanzi.

Ukubaluleka komlando

Ngokuthakazelisayo, Northern Dvina kuyinto imikhumbi cishe kulo lonke uGu (ubude nemifula imikhumbi nge nemingenela eminingi emihlanu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha). Kusukela ngo-1989 eMfuleni usebenza njalo inkonzo umgibeli. Kuze kube manje esibonibonini yakhe yamanzi eyehlayo omdala emkhunjini Russian "UNikolay vasilevich Gogol", bavela shipyards emuva ngo-1911.

Northern Dvina River ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile enqubeni zomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi izenzakalo 1812 impi, wayeshaye phansi, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando ukwamukelwa, cishe kuphela isixhumanisi eRussia Europe. Futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II emfuleni labetibambile elikhulu ukunikezela "Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa" (ubuchwepheshe lempi, imishini nangezinto zokwakha ezivela eYurophu nase-United States ilwa eSoviet Union). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi-mlando baye babizwe ngokuthi emfuleni "Gateway-Arctic", ngoba umfula esifundeni Arctic sekuqalile mikhankaso engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ucwaningo.

Pechora

Umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa izifundo emibili Russian Federation - Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy kanye Komi Republic. Iqala esifundeni esise-Ural Western imisuka ezintathu. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, ubude umfula kusuka 1.7 kuya kwezingu-1.9 amakhilomitha. Ngu ubunjalo zawo, ulubone yizinqamu ezintathu: engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi.

Upper, Ephakathi futhi Lower Pechora

The Upper Pechora ubude amakhilomitha 400 akuyona enabantu futhi kancane wafunda. Kule ngxenye mfula uhlamvu elikhethiwe entabeni lapho sivezwe kula ukugeleza okusheshayo okwesibhakabhaka, uhambahamba isiteshi, okusezingeni eliphezulu Stony osogwini olusenyakatho emfuleni ewumngcingo esigodini ehlanganiswa izitshalo coniferous. Ububanzi Upper Pechora zokhahlamba kusuka kwamamitha ayi-10 ukuya kwayi-120. Umfula akuyona ezijulile, ukufinyelela amamitha amabili nesigamu.

Pechora esijwayelekile - ingxenye eside 1200 amakhilomitha emlonyeni kuya esizalweni Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Kuzoqalwa nge-Yashkinsky pier, umfula iba imikhumbi. ububanzi Pechory engxenyeni phakathi zokhahlamba kusuka 0.4 kuya 4 amakhilomitha. Ngezinye amanzi ongaphakeme emfuleni kwakhiwa Shoals athiya navigation.

I ephansi ingxenye emfuleni eqhubeka angamakhulu amane amakhilomitha. Kuze esizalweni somfula Shapkina ibhange kwesokudla umfula sublime, kanye kwesokunxele - uhlamvu okubi. Ngemva kwalokho, amabhange ezimbili kukhona emathafeni nge predominance ka emathafeni kwezimila. Whisky edolobhaneni iqala semifula. Kukhona inani elikhulu anesihlabathi, neziqhingi eziphansi (kwekulu - 29). iziqhingi obuphelele ingamakhilomitha angu-30. Ngesikhathi confluence udebe 20 ihlukaniswe ibe imikhono emfuleni.

ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo

Pechora evulekile izinsuku 120-170, lisasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthumela traffic. Kukhona 80 nemingenela. Lo mgodi imayelana 19.500 amakhilomitha square. Pechora evuthiwe ukudoba, ukudoba salmon Kwenziwa, Pike, i-herring, whitefish, salmon elimhlophe kanye nezinye izinhlobo.

ob

Njengoba sekushiwo, ichibi olwandle kulencane Zomhlaba ithatha 65% noma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu WaseRussia. Imifula eziphathelene ne-Arctic Ocean, mikhulu futhi ogeleza egcwele. Kodwa akekho noyedwa kuwo ngeke kuqhathaniswe ne ob. Lena emfuleni ngobukhulu laseSiberia. Yena kuholela phakathi kwazo zonke notshwala amanzi e-Eurasia. Waphonsa amanzi abo emfuleni ezihlobene ne-Arctic Ocean, ezifana uTom Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

Abanye abacwaningi bathi, igama emfuleni lisuselwa elithi "kokubili" ngoba kwakheka it is yi confluence imifula emibili mikhulu - Biya futhi Katun. Ubude bakhe kusukela ekubumbaneni kufana ayizinkulungwane 3,65 km, futhi uma zihlanganisa Irtysh -. 5,41 ayizinkulungwane Km.. Lomfula ubhekwa isikhathi eside e-Russia. It ageleza eya ngasenyakatho Sea Kara, obumba Ubude eGulf of OB (obuphelele Bay - mayelana 800 amakhilomitha).

ukubaluleka Economic we OB

Umbhede emfuleni sidlula izindawo ezinhlanu isiRashiya, kuhlanganise Altai Territory, saseTomsk Region, le Novosibirsk Region, le Yamalo-Nenets futhi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. Lo mfula imikhumbi. Avamile lokuthumela traffic yafakazela, kusukela 1844. Ngo-1895, umfula isidlulile emhlabeni imikhumbi 120.

Ob - iyipharadesi ukudoba abathanda. Lapha, endaweni yobuningi bezinhlanzi evamile ezifana Pike, Grayling, burbot, carp, Rudd, Sturgeon, lamprey, Sturgeon, futhi nabaningi abanye. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-amahlanu zilwane, amabili nanhlanu lapho angaphansi ukudoba olunzulu (perch, ide, Pike, umbokwane, dace, bream, carp crucian, roach, perch nabanye).

Amanzi umbuso, nemingenela

Umfula - ukuze iqhwa kakhulu, ukugeleza main kwenzeka ngesikhathi izikhukhula entwasahlobo. Ob imbozwe cap ice izinsuku 180-220 ngonyaka. Pool imayelana million 2.99 km ^2, ku le nkomba River zibalwa kuqala eRussia. indawo ahloniphekile yesithathu kuhlala ke ngokuya okuqukethwe amanzi, futhi ngaphambi kokuba kukhona imifula emikhulu egeleza ku-Arctic Ocean, njengoba Yenisei noLena.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli OB iyona edume Novosibirsk kwesigubhu noma njengoba ngokuvamile esibizwa, oLwandle ob, okuyinto uya khona intandokazi ezinkulungwane zezivakashi nabathandi bendawo. Isiteshi phakathi OB kanye Yenisei, ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, okwamanje esetshenziswa futhi lishiywe linjalo.

Obi has nemingenela ezinkulu 30 futhi eziningi ezincane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi iyona Irtysh, ogama ubude 4250 km, njengoba ingaphezulu kuka obuphelele ayo emfuleni. Lokhu kwatheleka Uza OB-avareji yamaphesende amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu intilibathwa yamanzi ngomzuzwana.