Imihlola Electrical kanye optical emkhathini

Lesi sikole ukuhlola isihloko "imihlola Optical emkhathini" 6 ekilasini. Nokho, kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela ingqondo into eziyibonayo yezingane. imihlola Optical emkhathini, kulolu hlangothi, ukuhlanganisa uthingo, ngokushintsha imibala kwesibhakabhaka uma liphuma nalapho selishona, hhayi nje kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngakolunye - ihlanganisa mirages ongaqondakali, inyanga zamanga futhi ilanga, halo umbukwane esikhathini esidlule, ngokuletha ukwesaba kubantu. Mshini kumiswa abanye babo ngaphambi kokuphela uhlala akucacile namuhla, kodwa isimiso jikelele ukuthi "ukuphila" asho into optical ngokwemvelo, i-physics lwanamuhla bawuqonda.

isikhwama somoya

emkhathini woMhlaba kuyinto igobolondo ehlanganisa ingxube amagesi nokwelula cishe 100 km kokuwa. I kwabantu ungqimba emoyeni siyahlukahluka ibanga kusuka emhlabathini: ukubaluleka elikhulu ebusweni iplanethi, ke kunciphisa nge ukuphakama. Isibhakabhaka akakwazi ngokuthi ukwakheka static. Izendlalelo imvilophi gas ukuhambisa njalo shuffled. Shintsha izici zawo: lokushisa, ukuminyana, velocity, ukufuduka, futhi obala. Zonke lezi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kuthinte imisebe yelanga, egijimela ebusweni iplanethi.

uhlelo optical

Izinqubo ezenzeka emkhathini, kanye nengoma yayo ukukhuthaza ukumuncwa, kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona futhi ibonisa imisebe yokukhanya. Ezinye zazo ifinyelela elitsheni - komhlaba, omunye ohlakaziwe noma kabusha emuva emkhathini. Ngenxa yalokho, ugobile futhi sibonakalisa ukukhanya kwamazinyo ingxenye imisebe kulelizinga kungavumela nokunye akhiwa ezihlukahlukene imihlola optical emkhathini.

yokukhanya asemkhathini

Ngesikhathi lapho isayensi isanda kusungulwa, abantu ukuchaza izenzakalo optical ngesisekelo imibono linqoba mayelana nokwakheka kwendawo yonke. Rainbow exhumene emhlabeni womuntu ukuze abone ukuthi uNkulunkulu, ukubonakala kwesibhakabhaka amalanga amabili zamanga ubufakazi le nhlekelele lusondela. Namuhla iningi izenzakalo ukuba asabise okhokho bethu yazuza incazelo ngokwesayensi. Lolu cwaningo kulezi zinkanyezi waziphatha yokukhanya ozungeze umhlaba wethu. imihlola Optical emkhathini kwale sayensi lichaza, ngokusekelwe imithetho yemvelo. Yena uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza emini ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga ekuseni ushintsho umbala like akha Uthingo nalapho mirages zithathwa. Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene futhi ucwaningo manje esisiza ukuba siqonde into optical ngokwemvelo, kunjengokubonakala iziphambano akhazimula, Fata Morgana, halo enhlobonhlobo.

isibhakabhaka siluhlaza

umbala isibhakabhaka ajwayelekile ukuze sikwazi ngokuvamile abacabangi kungani. Noma kunjalo, izazi zesayensi ukuphendula Kuyaziwa. Newton wafakazela ukuthi ugongolo ukukhanya unwetshiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ku bohlu. Nge ukudlula isimo sawo elihambisana nombala oluhlaza kwashabalala kangcono. Le ngxenye obomvu emisebeni ebonakalayo libhekene eside wavelength violet kanye ukuhlakazwa kuthathelwe ngokwezinga izikhathi 16.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo thina awuboni esibhakabhakeni onsomi okwesibhakabhaka. Isizathu salokhu itholakala izici zamadivayisi e-retina kanye isilinganiso izingxenye bohlu imisebe yelanga. Amehlo ethu bazwelane kakhudlwana okwesibhakabhaka, futhi umhlaba onsomi nomkhakha we ukukhanya kancane okukhulu kuka okwesibhakabhaka.

kwelanga ebomvu

Lapho abantu esiphethweni lokho umoya, izenzakalo optical saphela ukuba kwabo njengofakazi noma sokuhle zehlakalo ezimbi. Nokho, izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda akuvimbeli ukuthola injabulo ngenxa yobuhle kusukela ezimibalabala kwelanga kanye nokushona ithenda. Imibala egqamile ebomvu kanye orange nge pink blue kancane kancane akhale ezinzulwini zobusuku noma ekuseni ukukhanya. Akunakwenzeka ukubukela kokusa ezimbili ezifanayo noma kwelanga. Futhi isizathu salokhu itholakala ukuthi ukuhamba efanayo izingqimba asemkhathini nokushintsha izimo zezulu.

Phakathi ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga imisebe yelanga unqobe ibanga elide kwamanzi kuka ntambama. Ngenxa yalokho, iyona violet, eziluhlaza kanye green eya ezinhlangothini, futhi ngqo ukukhanya anemibala abomvu kanye orange. I olwenziwa e isithombe kwelanga ekuseni wenze ifu, uthuli noma ice izinhlayiya imisiwe emoyeni. Ukukhanya refracted by edabula kubo, futhi imibala esibhakabhakeni ezihlukahlukene shades. Kusayithi okuphambene Sun umkhathizwe ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuba bagcine okuthiwa Venus Ziyisivikelo - pink band ohlukanisa esibhakabhakeni ebusuku futhi amnyama suku luhlaza. mkhuba Beautiful optical, yaqanjwa unkulunkulukazi wamaRoma uthando, bubonakala kusempondo zankomo futhi ngemva kokushona kwelanga.

rainbow kwebhuloho

Mhlawumbe asikho esinye imihlola ukukhanya emkhathini engalethi ninake izindaba eziningi basezinganekwaneni futhi inganekwane izithombe, njengoba ezihlobene rainbow. Arc noma umbuthano, eyakhiwa imibala eziyisikhombisa, ngamunye aziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni. mkhuba Beautiful asemkhathini ukuthi kwenzeka ngesikhathi imvula, uma udlulisa yelanga ngokusebenzisa amaconsi, owuthanda ngisho nalabo abaye bahlola isimo sawo kahle.

A physics rainbow namuhla ke akuyona imfihlo. Ukukhanya kwelanga refracted amaconsi emvula noma inkungu ezidabula. Ngenxa yalokho, ingqapheli ubona imibala eziyisikhombisa bohlu, kusukela obomvu violet. Imingcele ayikwazi ukucaciswa phakathi kwazo. Imibala ngokushelela ku nomunye nge shades eziningana.

Lapho sigcina ilanga rainbow njalo elitholakala ngemva umuntu. Centre Iris smile (kangaka okuthiwa rainbow amaGreki) itholakala ku umugqa edabula obuka nokukhanya suku. Ngokuvamile, uthingo lubonakale uhlobo a umkhumbi. Ubukhulu bayo nomumo zincike yokuma Sun futhi iphuzu lapho obuka. Ukukhanya ephakeme lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, selilonke ephansi uwela nesenzakalo okungenzeka nothingo. Lapho ilanga kuyalinqoba uphawu 42º lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, ingqapheli ku surface eMhlabeni akanakuwubona rainbow. Lowo ephakeme ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, abafisa ukujabulela smile Iris, cishe ukuthi ngeke ubone arc, kodwa umbuthano.

rainbow Double, emincane futhi ububanzi

Ngokuvamile, nalowo oyinhloko ungabona okuthiwa rainbow ezivelayo. Uma kwakheka wokuqala yi reflectance olulodwa ukukhanya, umphumela yesibili double. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-main ezahlukene rainbow oda ezithile imibala: obomvu itholakala ohlangothini elingaphandle, violet - onguye ngaphakathi, okuyinto eduze komhlaba. Side "ibhuloho 'lowo reverse ukulandelana spectrum uphendulela phezulu onsomi. Kwenzekani yingoba kuveza kabili imvula imisebe ziyaphuma-engeli lehlukene.

Rainbow imibala ayahluka ngamandla futhi ububanzi. Acacile kakhulu futhi kunalokho ewumngcingo avele ngemva kwesivunguvungu ehlobo. amathonsi elikhulu imvula ejwayelekile enjalo, zisenza sibe uthingo kuyabonakala ngemibala ngokucacile akachazeki. amaconsi amancane unikeze rainbow ehlasela umzimba kakhulu futhi obunganakekile.

imihlola Optical emkhathini: aurora

Omunye enhle kakhulu asemkhathini imihlola optical - aurora. Kuyinto isici wonke amaplanethi babe Magnetosphere. Emhlabeni, auroras kuyagcinwa at zindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zombili ama-, abasezindaweni ezizungeze izigxobo kazibuthe planethi. Ngokuvamile ungabona kukhanya liluhlazana noma esiluhlaza, ngezinye izikhathi kulekelelwa emaphethelweni nge Splashes obomvu pink. Olukhulu aurora lesi sijame njengebhoksi iribhoni noma indwangu emphethweni i-attenuation kukufake izindawo. Band of a amakhilomitha ambalwa ahlukaniswe okusezingeni eliphezulu sebuqhubeke onqenqemeni engezansi ngokumelene esibhakabhakeni esimnyama. Umngcele engenhla aurora kulahleka esibhakabhakeni.

Lesi senzakalo enhle optical emkhathini uzoqhubeka izimfihlo zabo kubantu: musa wafunda ngokugcwele indlela nesenzakalo kohlobo oluthile luminescence, isizathu kwenzeka phakathi kwawo, ukhanya ngokuzumayo cod. Nokho, isithombe mazombe seragelo kumiswa auroras namuhla eyaziwa. Isibhakabhaka phezu enyakatho nezingongolo eningizimu ehlotshisiwe ogqamile kukhanya pink lapho solar umoya icala izinhlayiya nqwamana ne athomu emkhathini. Odlule ngenxa ukuxhumana kukhona amandla futhi ihlaba umkhosi ke ngesimo ukukhanya.

halo

Ilanga Moon ngokuvamile babonakala kithi lizungezwe kukhanya okusikhumbuza nokubingelela. Lokhu halo - indandatho ezibonakala kakhulu emhlabeni umthombo wokukhanya. Esimweni, ngokuvamile kwakheka it is ngokusebenzisa kulencane ice izinhlayiya akha Cirrus phezulu ngaphezu Earth. Kuye ukuma ubukhulu crystal ushintsho izici lomkhuba. halo kuvame ngendlela umbuthano rainbow ngenxa yokubola ugongolo ukukhanya oku bohlu.

An ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo imihlola libizwa parhelion. Ngenxa yalokho of kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ukukhanya e zinhlayiya ice kwakheka kwi ezingeni solar izindawo ezimbili ukukhanya efana emini. Ngo umlando ingatholakala ukuchaza lesi simo. Esikhathini esidlule, ngokuvamile kubhekwa kuzalwa njengebika zehlakalo ezimbi.

utalagu

Mirages - futhi izenzakalo optical emkhathini. Bona ezingavela ngenxa ye kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya ekusebenzisaneni phakathi ngokuphongoza e kwabantu emoyeni izingqimba. Esikhathini izincwadi, Ezimweni eziningi lapho isihambi ezivundile ehlane wazibona noma amadolobha nezigodlo, okungase kungabi eseduze. Ngokuvamile kuba mirages "ephansi". Bona kwenzeke phezu bushelelezi (ehlane, asphalt) futhi bamele isithombe kubonakala kwesibhakabhaka, le sobala ingqapheli kwesigubhu.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i mirages aphakeme kukhona lingandile. Bona akhiwa phezu kwamanzi abandayo. mirages Uphakeme aqondile futhi yena, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanganisa kokubili izikhundla. Omele edume kakhulu kulezi zinkanyezi optical kuyinto Fata Morgana. Lena utalagu eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ukucabanga. Ngaphambi obuka avele izinto empeleni ekhona, ukucabanga amaningi kanye enyakaza.

ugesi asemkhathini

imihlola Electrical kanye optical emkhathini ngokuvamile kubalwe ndawonye, nakuba nezimbangela zabo zihlukile. Nokwehlukana amafu nombani zihlobene izinqubo ezemfundo iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva futhi ionosphere. Sparks Giant kuvame imiswe phakathi nokuduma. Umbani kuphakama ngaphakathi amafu phansula umhlaba. Bayisibonelo usongo ekuphileni komuntu, futhi lokhu ingenye yezizathu kwezinhloso zenzuzo ngokwesayensi izenzakalo ezinjalo. Ezinye izakhiwo umbani zisekhona imfihlakalo abacwaningi. Namuhla ayaziwa imbangela ibhola umbani. Njengoba kunjalo nge ezinye izici imfundiso yokuziphendukela auroras futhi mirages, izenzakalo kagesi uyaqhubeka uyihlupha ososayensi.

imihlola Optical emkhathini, kafushane ezichazwe iphepha nsuku zonke lacaca ngokwengeziwe yemvelo. Nokho, bona, njengombani uvela, akusoze kwakhawuka uthakazelisa abantu ubuhle bayo, imfihlakalo futhi ubukhulu izikhathi.