Imikhiqizo ehleliwe amabhange

Ukuheha amakhasimende, amabhange ziyeza up eningi ukumaketha uhamba. Omunye wabo - ukutshala imikhiqizo olwakhiwe. Basuke isebangeni njengoba panacea emakethe yezimali. Ingabe lezi amathuluzi kuyazuzisa yini noma enye kumasikhuphulane?

inhliziyo

imikhiqizo ehleliwe - amathuluzi kufanele bavikele utshalomali kokuqala futhi wenze inzuzo kusukela ukukhula amafa. ubunjalo umkhiqizo luyinhlanganisela amathuluzi avumela ukuba anciphise ingozi utshalomali.

Esikhathini nemibandela nokuntengantenga kwezezimali ukutshala lwemali kuyingozi ngenxa ushintsho abukhali Yiqiniso, kodwa ezimakethe zamasheya kunzima ngenxa simo esishubile okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isimo kwenziwe kube nzima yisimo yokuthi kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukulondoloza kodwa futhi ukwandisa dolobha. Omunye isixazululo kungaba investimenti emikhiqizweni ehlelekile, obuhlanganisa ngezinga eliphezulu yokuvikelwa kwempahla, ikhono lokwenza inzuzo enkulu kunemicebo idiphozi.

Market imikhiqizo kwesakhiwo kuhlanganisa:

• imali;
• kwamatayitela;
• ukuhweba kwi "Forex";
• amatshe ayigugu;
• ongakhetha futhi ikusasa;
• mutual funds;
• imali izindlu nezindawo, nokunye. d.

umkhiqizo Bezakhiwe kwakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amafa nge amazinga ehlukene ingozi:

• imali kanye nokwabelana;
• CB izinkampani enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi abasafufusa;
• izibopho kanye ongakhetha isitokwe;
• imali kanye umshwalense imali, nokunye. d.

Isilinganiso ikhethwa ukuze imali ozoyithola amafa "ephephile" amboze ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka.

Ngokwesibonelo

umkhiqizo ehlelekile 90% idiphozi nge isivuno 10% no-10% - amasheya izinkampani ezintsha isivuno 300%. Emva kokuthenga umkhiqizo, kukhona zimo ezintathu kungenzeka.

Uma ushise ngokusebenzisa amasheya, inzalo ezifakwa offset utshalomali kokuqala. Ngemva konyaka ikhasimende uzothola isamba baqaphe njengoba etshaliwe, ngaphandle inzuzo, kodwa futhi ngaphandle umonakalo. Uma utshalomali e Central Bank esivezwa isivuno 300%, isivuno ingqikithi kuphothifoliyo kuyoba 40%. Uma utshalomali kuzoletha 2/3 of the inzuzo kuhlelwe, isivuno mkhiqizo 30% nokunye. D. Lokho, indima ebalulekile udlalwa ncamashi Isenzo esikhethiwe, futhi ngaphandle ukutshalwa kwezimali eyingozi uthango ngokumelene ukulahlekelwa.

izikhonzi

imikhiqizo ehleliwe kwezimakethe ezihlinzekwa amabhange, izikhungo lapho esebenzelana no AMC. Kubhekwe imikhiqizo yasebhange enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ngo AMC, ungakwazi sithathe izimpahla kwi "okuthandwa": kusukela olandelanayo ukuba kuyingozi. Iphothifoliyo utshalomali nokuhwebelana izikhungo akhiwa ingozi namafa Super-okuyingozi (isibonelo, ongakhetha lwemali).

Ukuthenga izimpahla kuhambisana ukusayinwa inkontileka phakathi zimali kanye nenkampani. It ngokucacile ezibekwe lemali, ukutshalwa kwezimali eside, uhlu izimpahla, ingozi ezingeni nezinye izici ezihlobene ukudluliswa kweemali.

Isikimu umsebenzi

Efuna balondoloze futhi ukwandisa imali etholakalayo, abantu ujike ebhange noma utshalomali inkampani futhi ukuthola umkhiqizo kwesakhiwo. Ingxenye etshaliwe izimali umlamuli otshala imali evikelekile kwezezimali (izikweletu, amabhondi, imali), kanti eyesibili - kwempahla uboshelwe ezihleli ngaphansi (isitokwe, lwemali), kodwa kancane oluyingozi (Sberbank, isilinganiso segolide, RTS Inkomba, njll ...) . Iklayenti ekhetha yefa langaphansi kanye nezinga lobungozi, okungukuthi, isabelo izimali ukuthi izodluliselwa emakethe yamasheya. Iklayenti futhi self-alawula izinga iqhaza (ku), okungukuthi, inquma kangakanani yemali esizayo izothola.

period utshalomali zokhahlamba kusuka izinyanga ezimbalwa iminyaka emibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuthathelwa umshuwalense utshalomali wakho noma ukuthenga i iphothifoliyo utshalomali isigqebhezana. Esimeni sesibili, ikhasimende uzothola imali ethile ngenyanga fixed imali ukuthi akuxhomekile izinguquko intengo yefa langaphansi.

Izinhlobo imikhiqizo eyakhiwe

Zonke izipesheli iphakethe zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili:

• imikhiqizo Izingozi khulula ekuqinisekisa ukubuya 100% we-dolobha. Ubungozi enkulu wukuthi ngesikhathi utshalomali ukubuya umtshali wemali uyobe ungathola kuphela utshalomali sokuqala, kuncike ngezinga elincane ukwehla ngokusebenzisa kwamandla emali. Ikhasimende ukhokha kuphela ithuba lokwenza inzuzo, uma wonke amafa umthwalo.
• Imikhiqizo ingozi elinganiselwe. I share kwempahla isakazwa ukuze amboze ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka. Zimali ungalahlekelwa kuphela ingxenye enhlokodolobha. Unesimo ezinhle emakethe izinga abahola bengase bazikhandlele 50% we utshalomali kokuqala.

izinzuzo

• imikhiqizo ehleliwe Savings Bank noma yimuphi omunye sesikweletu - utshalomali yekwentiwa. Iklayenti wedwa ingeyona iphothifoliyo amafa. Ngaye, lo msebenzi wenziwa kolunye zezimali.
• Asikho isidingo abe nolwazi kanye nesipiliyoni kwezezimali.
• Kungenzeka ukulungisa ezingeni ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile uma utshala imali futhi izimali amafa ukuthi awatholakali ifomu okumsulwa.
• I izakhiwo isakhi zomkhiqizo yokuthi ukuthengwa okungenani oyedwa wabo diversification of izimali.
• Nge ezinhle Dynamics emakethe zimali ithola inzuzo enkulu cishe ngaphandle kwengozi.

amaphutha

• Structured imikhiqizo zezimali zisekujuleni emakethe njengoba into enzima. Eqinisweni, lena iseluleko esikhokhelwayo nokubekwa kwezimali e amafa ezahlukene.
• 100% isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali angeke ngisho ukunikeza amabhange. Yonke imali basuke insured Idiphozithi Insurance Agency. Amathuba ukulahlekelwa sihlala sikhona. Umbuto ukutsi izinga lobungozi. Lokhu isiqubulo ukumaketha yakhelwe kuphela ukukhangisa.
• imikhiqizo ehleliwe amabhange, okuyinto asamukelanga inzuzo, ezingenanzuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isithakazelo idiphozi ayehloselwe ukumboza ukulahlekelwa kwezinye izinhlobo utshalomali. Uma iklayenti ngokushesha Wayifaka yonke kwezimali e ebhange, wayeyokwazi wathola imali engaphezu kuka-kusukela umkhiqizo esiyingqayizivele.
• On amaklayenti abacebile yakhelwe imikhiqizo eyakhiwe. Impendulo kusuka kubasebenzisi kuqinisekisiwe. Iya emakethe yezimali inani ayizinkulungwane 10. Hlikihla. It akwenzi mqondo.
• abethimba Asset zikhokhelwa. Imali likhokhelwa kungakhathaliseki investimenti kuzoletha engenayo noma cha.
• On inhlanganisela imikhiqizo engamboziwe iziqinisekiso isimo. Uma ibhange uya yimali, noma AMC, zimali ngeke ukwazi ukuyibuyisa izimali zabo.
• Lapho ukhetha emakethe Russian imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele, cishe ayikho.
• Zimali akubi umnikazi kwempahla wangempela, ngakho-ke ngeke sikwazi ukulawula izimali.

izingozi ezifihliwe

imikhiqizo ehleliwe - inhlanganisela impahla kanye nemikhiqizo. Bona ukuqoqa futhi adayise amabhange emhlabeni ngesimo amanothi (izibopho). Bona ukuthathelwa umshuwalense ngokwabo ngokukhipha imikhiqizo eyakhiwe isikhundla okuphambene. Ibhange njalo ithola isabelo. Ngamunye amaklayenti ngabanye futhi uhola okungenani, kodwa namanye amakhasimende abathenge amafa kuyingozi. Ekugcineni wonke amaklayenti alahlekelwe yimali. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa ukukhanga imikhiqizo emisha kanye nezingozi, "ngemfihlo". Yekela amabhange?

isithiyo amanothi

Uma zonke esitokisini akhethiwe izogcina intengo ngaphezu komkhawulo isethi, the kuhlangene abanikazi umkhiqizo uzothola emuva izimali zabo kanye engenayo ecacisiwe. Amanothi ziqala ukusebenza njengoba izibopho. Uma omunye kwamafa akhethiwe izoyenqaba value, ukubaluleka kuphothifoliyo utshalomali kuyoba ulingana lalibhekisela amasheya. Amathuba nokwehlisa intengo okungenani 1 3 ukwabelana ingaphezu kwe ngamunye ngamunye. Ngakho, ukulahlekelwa kuningi kunokomuntu imali kungenzeka.

Avtokoll

ukutshalwa kwezimali Portfolio zivame ithengiswe nge inketho ezengeziwe. Uyini avtokolla essence? Uma zonke ukwabelana yenyuka intengo, ikhasimende uzokwazi ukuthenga esinye isaziso, njengoba umnikazi - ukuze uthole imali eyengeziwe. Lapho emakethe ikhula, bonke bephelele le umnikazi uthola i-premium, ikhasimende - isigqebhezana entsha. Lokhu kwenzeka nje omunye Central Bank akusho udedele umkhawulo isethi.

Esinye isibonelo - inothi credit. Iklayenti uzothola 100% we ukwanda intengo yamasheya, futhi uma ukwehla - 100% imali isamba semali esidiphozitiwe. Nokho, uma kungekhona elisetshenziswa ithuluzi kakhulu oluyingozi njengempahla. It kuvela ukuthi ingxenye inothi, eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka capital, izimali stock market Inkomba. Ukuhoxa - 20%.

sokusakaza

Inkinga akuyona kuphela izingozi. Amabhange awukwazi nje amboze yonke emakethe. Uzoqala play balamuli. Ngamunye isixhumanisi esikuziphathimandla "ibhange - distributor - Imenenja" yenza kabusha. Isakhiwo ezifana imikhiqizo ehlukile ebhange noma ngasiphi isikhathi ukuze recalculate imigomo imali. Lapha konke kuncike nomdayisi. Othile uzothengisela isigqebhezana utshalomali esiyisibopho 99,5% of imali wathola% 0.5 kuphela, futhi umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuthengisa izimpahla nge nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi uthole 5% ngokushesha. Umehluko esiphezulu kungenzeka futhi 35%.

Abaxhumanisi ngokuvamile ukudayisa imikhiqizo kuyingozi. Ngenxa yalokho kwezikhundla olandelanayo isithiyo eyayigcwele amanothi avtokollom unyaka owodwa 80% ukulahlekelwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abaphathi bebhange isikhathi ukuthola 0.5% no-4 izikhathi 3% ikhomishini ukuthengwa inothi entsha.

On the inothi, oqinisekisa 100% nenzuzo yokutjala in exchange yamasheya, RTS index, umnikazi izozuza kabili. umkhiqizo okunjalo kwesakhiwo ibe nokukhetha ababiza Inkomba, isikhathi esiyiminyaka emibili (17%), iphothifoliyo izibopho illiquid, okuyinto emva senkokhelo ukunikeza 100% we-dolobha yokuqala. Isilinganiso emakethe isibopho isivuno kuyinto 18% of the lomgodlagodla - 62%. Kusukela umnikazi kuthengiselana uzothola 21%, asele 79% - iklayenti.

isiphetho

imikhiqizo ehleliwe - lokhu akukona iphiramidi. Uma usebenzisa la mathuluzi ngaphakathi sizathu, ungavula deal. Kungokufanayo isitokwe Inkomba kuyafaneleka ukuvikela dolobha uma ingozi credit uphansi. Kodwa iningi imikhiqizo inhlanganisela ziphansi ezicini zonke kuphela ngokubafaka derevativov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho ukhansele umthetho eyinhloko zokuhweba: umphathi iphothifoliyo yenza inzuzo nekhasimende, futhi umdayisi - at iklayenti.