Izindaba UmphakathiUmnotho

Inani labantu base-Feodosiya. Umnotho, abaphathi, izindlu, umsebenzi nekukhibika Feodosia

Kubantu abaningi esikhathini ihlobo iholide uqobo Feodosia. Lo muzi YaseCrimea emangalisayo ogwini Black Sea uye umxhwele amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi zonke izivakashi ngonyaka kuwo. Kuyini esiphoqayo unjalo Theodosia? Incazelo indawo, umlando walo muzi, abantu bayo, ingqalasizinda, izimo ukuzilibazisa nezinye izindaba ezihlobene nalesi zokungcebeleka kuyoba isihloko lokhu kubuyekezwa.

I ezindawo indawo Feodosia

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuchaza labantu Feodosiya kanye nakwezinye izici zokuphila kuleli dolobha, ake sibheke-ke lapho likhona.

Feodosia idolobha elingasemfuleni engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea ogwini Black Sea, esifundeni Feodosia Bay. Itholakala phakathi nje Peninsula Kerch ne-South Coast eCrimea, njengohlobo oluthile isixhumanisi phakathi kwazo. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli emzaneni itholakala lolwandle kanye entshonalanga - ku yokhalo sangaleso Tepe-Oba ezintabeni YaseCrimea.

Isimo sezulu e Feodosii ngokulinganisela, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala khona izimpawu nakwezifudumele, ngenxa ukusondela ukuba elinikeziwe zone zezulu.

ngesimo esingokomthetho

Isimo sezomthetho mayelana Nelungelo edolobheni, kanye zonke eCrimea bekulokhu okuxubile. Ngokomthetho Russian (futhi, eqinisweni), edolobheni iyingxenye wesifunda lwedolobha uTheodosius, owavele, kuyingxenye Republic of eCrimea. Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga yale iyunithi zokuphatha inomngcele yi Sudak idolobha wesifunda, enyakatho - ne Kirov wesifunda, enyakatho-mpumalanga - ne Lenin. South futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga ubizwa wageza ngu oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwakheka wesifunda ezisemadolobheni kuhlanganisa emadolobheni amaningana, nasemizaneni, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo zingumzana futhi Seaside Koktebel.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokomthetho-Ukrainian, Feodosiya kungokwalabo umkhandlu-dolobha igama elifanayo, ingxenye Autonomous Republic of eCrimea, futhi luqondane ngokugcwele imingcele wesifunda ezisemadolobheni. Nokho, de empeleni waba Ukraine akanakho ukuphatha phezu kulezi zindawo, ukuze basuke wenza umthetho Russian ngokugcwele.

Umlando we edolobheni

UTheodosius inomlando omude kakhulu. Lona omunye wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu endala eCrimea, neRussia iyonke. Labantu lokuqala Feodosia - kungcono amaGreki. Kwakuwusuku bamakoloni ngesiGreki EseMilethu ku BC VI leminyaka. e. Zasungula edolobheni. Igama eyanikeza amaGreki ngokusekelwe indawo yabo, eyahunyushwa isuselwa ngolimi lwesiGreki njengendlela "okuvela kuNkulunkulu." I IV ekhulwini BC. e. UTheodosius waphoqeleka ukuba athumele ukuba isimo ezinamandla kakhulu-Greek eCrimea - umbuso Bosporus, okuyinto ngokwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngavuma ukuthi uncike kakhulu eMbusweni WaseRoma.

Ekhulwini IV BC edolobheni kakade wayesenezinsuku kuncike ukubhujiswa ngokusetshenziswa izindimbane Huns. Le nkambu ukuthi besishiyile, bazinza Alans, ukushaya komnikazi Ardabda. UMbuso WaseRoma ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuphinde alungise ukulawula Feodosia kuphela ngemva kokuba iguqulwe wayiyisa eByzantium, ekhulwini V. Nokho, edolobheni bese ngesikhathi esithile isidlulile ezandleni the Khazar Khanate, kodwa ekugcineni waya emuva sovereignty of yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Nokho, kuze kube ukubaluleka kanye nosayizi zekadeni Theodosia sikhathi lalikude, futhi, eqinisweni, uye waphila njengesidalwa emzaneni eziyize.

Ekhulwini XIII uTheodosius balawula zolotaya Orda owathengisa abathengisi emzaneni kusukela Genoa, ukulondoloza phezu kwakhe suzerainty walo omkhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi edolobheni isibe inqaba Genoese, kuyinto eliqaphile we Maritime Republic. Manje saziwa ngokuthi Kaffa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo emzini ongathi akakaze ukuchuma ezifana ku Genoese. Kulapha wagijima ukuba ayokhosela nasolakeni Temnik Mamay iGolden Khan Tokhtamysh, ngemva wanqoba Dmitry Donskoy phezu Kulikovo ensimini. Inani labantu base-Kaffa ngesikhathi kudlulwe abantu 70 000, bese kwaba kunangendlela eConstantinople. Izakhamuzi eziningi babe Armenia. Cafe wavulwa igatsha osebeni Genoa, waba yaseshashalazini.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1475, i-Genoese baxoshwa Kafa ngenkuthalo ekwandiseni uMbuso WaseTurkey. Manje sekuwumkhuba edolobheni Turkish. Nakuba enyakatho ke elise phansi ngaphansi kwesizwe we sultan WaseTurkey - YaseCrimea Khan, kodwa Kapha ku Khanate lalingahlanganisiwe, futhi iyingxenye ngqo ezindaweni zombuso ezikude. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka WaseTurkey Kafa isibe omunye amaphuzu ezinkulu yenceku, emakethe sesigqila etholakala lapha. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka Turkish athuthukile okumba usawoti eduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kwaba njalo Genoese, kwakukhona itheku elikhulu. UTheodosius ke wadalula ukuhlaselwa nokuphangwa kwempahla le Zaporozhye Cossacks, isibonelo, Ngo-1616. Ngokuhamba lokhu uhambo nayo eyakhululwa iziboshwa eziningi.

Ngo 1771, ngesikhathi njalo impi Russian-Turkish, Kafa lathunjwa amasosha Russian. Ngemva Kuchuk-Kaynadzhiyskogo ukuthula sivumelwano le edolobheni ekugcineni baba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Kusukela 1787, waba elinye lamalokishi Taurian ndawo. Kusukela 1796, emva kabusha zokuphatha, Kafa kwahlanganiswa sifundazwe Novorossiysk. Ngo-1798-ke wathola isimo port khulula iminyaka engu-30. Ngemva komunye iminyaka eyisithupha Cafes wabuya igama layo zomlando - Feodosia.

Lo muzi evakashela ubuntu abaningi abavelele. It wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe, wasebenza futhi wafa umdwebi odumile Ivan Aivazovsky. Futhi e Feodosia wahambela umbhali Russian Anton Pavlovich chehov.

Ngemva 1917, eCrimea, futhi ikakhulukazi uTheodosius waba Inqaba yokugcina White Army eholwa Wrangel. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwendawo yomuzi 1920 by amaBolshevik lapha, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela ukwesaba abomvu. Feodosiya labantu e kakhulu encishisiwe ngalesi sikhathi. City, kanye wonke eCrimea kwahlanganiswa phakathi RSFSR.

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic ka uTheodosius yabambana ngezihluthu. Ekugcineni, yena wadedelwa iRed Army ngo-Ephreli 1944.

Ngo-1954, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke esifundeni YaseCrimea, uTheodosius baba ingxenye Ukrainian SSR. Ngemva Ukraine ithola uzibuse ngo-1991, idolobha waqhubeka uyingxenye ngalesi simo, kuqala njengengxenye YaseCrimea Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, bese Republic of eCrimea, bese Autonomous Republic of eCrimea.

Ngo-2014, e inhlolovo, uTheodosius, kanye wonke eCrimea ukuthi lebhalwe WaseRussia. Okwamanje, idolobha kuyinto iyunithi zokuphatha weRiphabhulikhi eCrimea, okuyinto ingxenye Russian Federation for the Rights of the Federation.

labantu kulo muzi

Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi bangaki abantu abakha labantu Feodosiya. Okwamanje, kukhona ukuphila ayizinkulungwane 68,6. Izakhamuzi. Kuyinto lesihlanu ngobukhulu phakathi kwazo zonke amadolobha eCrimea ngaphandle Sevastopol. Akunjalo kudala uTheodosius wathatha endaweni yesine ku le nkomba, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi indiva Yalta.

I kwabantu labantu emzini kuyinto 1621,2 abantu / sq. M. km. Ukuze uqhathanise, kwabantu labantu e Simferopol kuyinto 3132,5 abantu / sq. M. km, Kerch -. 1379 abantu / sq km. km, e Yalta -. 4310,1 abantu / sq km. km.

Dynamics labantu

Manje ake ufunde indlela ukushintsha amashumi eminyaka demographically uTheodosius. Inani labantu base-lo muzi sibheka ngokukhetha iminyaka umuntu nezikhathi ezahlukene emlandweni wamuva komuzi.

Asiqale kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngo-1897, inani izakhamuzi Feodosia aba yizinkulungwane 24.1. Inh. Ngemva inguquko, inombolo wawa. Ngakho, ngo-1923 labantu kulo muzi 22,7 nje izinkulungwane. Inh. Kodwa ngo-1926, inani labantu anda wafinyelela ayizinkulungwane 27,3. Abantu. Inani elikhulayo Feodosia izakhamizi baqhubeka eminyakeni eyalandela. Ngakho, ngo-1939, inani eziphilayo ifinyelele ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 45,0. Inh., Futhi ngo-1979 kwaba ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 76,4. Inh. Umkhawulo ufinyelelwe ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1992. Khona-ke Theodosia wahlala 86,4 inkulungwane. Inh. Ngiphakathi ngaphambi noma ngemva zalelo nani elikhulu labantu lomuzi lwalunezisekelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi eziningi aqala ukuncipha ngo Feodosia abantu. Ngakho, ngo-1998 inani labantu edolobheni lancipha ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 80,9. Abantu. Ngo-2008 kwaba kakade ayizinkulungwane 71,2. Abantu. A ukwanda omncane izakhamuzi eziningi laligujwa kuphela ngo-2015, lapho izakhamuzi eziningi lenyuka lisuka kwabangaba 69,0 thous. Inh. (2014) kuya 69,1 thous. Inh. Kodwa ngo-2016 ukwehla lokubala ubuningi babantu baqhubeka. Labantu lehla 68,6 thous. Inh.

Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1992 kuya 2016, ukuncishiswa jikelele labantu emzini Feodosia aba yizinkulungwane 17,8. Abantu.

ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Manje cabanga Ukwakheka yobuhlanga sabantu abahlala emzini Feodosia.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu kwango-2014, omningi walo ukwakheka Russian. Isabelo sabo phakathi kwabo bonke abakhileyo emzini kuyinto 79,4%. Ibe isilandelwa nge lag Abaluleke Ukraine - 11.4%. Kulandelwe Belorusy Crimean Tatar - 1%.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi le Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka 2001, lapho uTheodosius wayesalokhu Ukrainian, inombolo Russian lalilincane, futhi base-Ukraine futhi YaseCrimea AmaTatar - okukhulu. Ngakho, inani kwaba 72,2% isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian - 18,8%, futhi Crimean Tatar - 4.6%. Belarusians babekhona nabo kancane ephakeme - 1.8%. Nokho, lesi simo ngempela kulindeleke. Ngo Feodosia abantu abaningi okuxubile indabuko, ngakho ezinye zazo phakathi kwabantu zingoFakazi isizwe titular.

Futhi e Feodosia siphile AmaTatar, Armenia, Azeris, amaGreki, abaseMoldavia Georgians nezinye izizwe. Kodwa inani abameleli ngamunye wabo ingeqi 1% abantu sebebonke komuzi.

izinkolo zenkolo

Ngo Feodosiya zikhona izinkolo eziningi, kodwa abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi ungumKristu Orthodox.

Tatar umphakathi, kanye iningi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ezifana AmaTatar futhi Azerbaijanis bangamaSulumane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umphakathi yamaKatolika Feodosia noChristian imiphakathi Amathrendi abahlukahlukene bamaProthestani.

wokuphatha komuzi

Umzimba ephethe emzini Feodosia City Council yakhiwa amalungu 28, zikhethwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Okwamanje, usihlalo we-City Council Svetlana kuyinto Gevchuk.

Ukuphatha kuyinto Feodosii isigungu. Inhloko umkhandlu wedolobha wamqokela abazobhapathizwa asebephumelele ukukhethwa ukuncintisana. Okwamanje, inhloko kwabaphathi bedolobha - Krysin Stanislav.

Feodosiya Ukuphatha yakhiwa sebuningini neminyango iphrofayli. Ngamunye wabo liphathelene izindawo ngabanye umsebenzi. kufanele zabelwe phakathi iminyango kanje: uMnyango Youth and Sports, uMnyango Economics, oMnyango Wabasebenzi kanye Social Ukuvikelwa Population. UTheodosius kuxhomeke kakhulu izinga umsebenzi kwabaphathi bedolobha.

umnotho lo muzi

Feodosia umnotho umi izinsika ezimbili: ezokuvakasha kanye ezokuthutha zasolwandle.

Typology zokungcebeleka edolobheni libhekisela klimatobalneologicheskim zokungcebeleka. Olwandle Feodosiya umnene kakhulu futhi benobungane, kodwa ngaphandle kwakhe edolobheni babekwazi ukunikeza amaholide iziphethu emangalisayo impilo-ekubuyiseleni. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi eseholidini e Feodosia sizoxoxa sesigabeni ehlukile.

Kodwa iholo eyinhloko isabelomali umuzi eziqoqwayo kusukela imbobo imisebenzi. It is lokuthumela ngokwezinga elikhulu balolonge umnotho kuleli dolobha.

Nokho, ezokuvakasha kanye zokuthutha, nakuba eziyisisekelo, kodwa akuzona imisebenzi kuphela Feodosia. Futhi edolobheni iyakhiwa kahle ukuhweba. Lona omunye nemisetjenzana okungabuzwa siziqhenye uTheodosius. Amanani ukudla nezimpahla ezidingekayo, Nokho, njengoba kunoma iliphi idolobha resort, ngesikhathi ibambene isizini kukhona eqolo.

Zikhona in Feodosia nokukhiqiza izimboni. Marine Engineering ukusebenza lapha, optical, ujusi, iwayini izimboni, kanye zokwakha isitshalo. Kodwa ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, umthamo production yalezi zinkampani unqabe kakhulu.

Umsebenzi Feodosia

Njengoba sazi ukuthi umuzi yokungcebeleka, umsebenzi lapha zonyaka. Yiqiniso, lapha kukhona izinkampani ezisebenza unyaka wonke, - .. Factories, port, njll, kodwa ikakhulu imisebenzi sekukudala matasa, lokushiya kwabasebenzi incane, ngakho kufanele ume "emgqeni" eside ukuze ukuze uthole yindawo enjalo. Ikakhulukazi umsebenzi ophezulu ethekwini, njengoba abasebenzi kukhona amaholo kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu.

Kodwa esikhathini samaholidi kunomsebenzi ngokwanele kokubili bendawo nezivakashi. Summer umsebenzi e Feodosia emelelwa ikakhulu izikhala kule ndawo yezohwebo, kanye iziphakamiso ukuze basebenzele ezihlukahlukene spa izikhungo: boarding izindlu, ukuzilibazisa izikhungo, amakamu zezingane.

Ububanzi lokuphumula

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuphumula Feodosia - yezimbangela eziyinhloko womnotho idolobha kanye labantu bayo. Ensimini ka esifundeni ezisemadolobheni ibekwe omningi izikhungo sanitary-no-spa. Phakathi kwabo, abaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo: "Theodosia", "kwelanga", "Ukraine", sibhedlela sezingane "Wave", "Golden Beach". Esimweni ngasinye kulezi zikhungo, izivakashi zingathola ayigcini nje ngokuba ukuphumula okuhle futhi bachithe isikhathi, kodwa futhi impilo yakho. In the ukwelashwa kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ku sanatoriums isicelo udaka yokwelapha amaminerali. Benefit uTheodosius sizungezwe iziphethu eziningi amaminerali, futhi kukhona ezifakwa ngodaka ekwelapheni.

Kodwa izivakashi eziningi namanje uthanda ukuhlala emahhotela amancane noma ukuqasha ifulethi noma indlu engxenyeni ezimele. Lena akuyona okungenani ngenxa amanani aphansi lapho ukuqasha ifulethi kusukela abantu abazimele. Kodwa kulokhu, nawu umbuzo: lapho ukuqasha indlu Feodosia? Yilokhu sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

efulethini iqashwe

Thola indawo yokuhlala Feodosia e samaholidi - inkinga enkulu ngempela. Ngaphandle kwalokho wonke amafulethi nezindlu, ogama abanikazi athatha ukuphumula, kungenzeka avimbekile, ngakho ngisho isizini okusezingeni eliphezulu intengo ngokuqasha impahla bite ezibuhlungu. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha impahla hhayi edolobheni, futhi ezindaweni resort okuyinto afakiwe ulayini Feodosia idolobha wesifunda, okuyilezi: Coastal, futhi Primorye Koktebel.

Uma usemusha ngokwanele ukuba ungasenzi nzima ukuhamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka olwandle, ngoba ukususwa izindlu kungcono ukukhetha labo ezitaladini Feodosia wesifunda kanye nemizana, okuyinto zitholakala kude kusukela ogwini. Ngale ndlela ngeke ukubulala izinyoni eziningana ngetshe elilodwa. Okokuqala, kude kolwandle ukuthola izindlu lula kunalokho emgwaqeni ugu, futhi okwesibili, intengo ngokuqasha lapha ngezansi, futhi okwesithathu, agijimele nsuku zonke kusuka endlini kuze kufike elwandle nomthelela omuhle empilweni isimo jikelele ngokomzimba.

izici Jikelele Feodosia

Feodosiya - omunye lamadolobha amadala hhayi kuphela eCrimea noma Russia, kodwa futhi Europe iyonke. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka yomlando walo edolobheni kwaba nokwehla zom futhi: kwaba omunye izikhungo ezinkulu kwamasiko kanye commercial, isimo salo wehlela cishe ezingeni emzaneni. ups ezinjalo ezinhle nezimbi phakathi uTheodosius wazibonela eziningana phakathi ukhona.

Manje uTheodosius ingenye amaningi resort amadolobha eCrimea. Kodwa ngaphandle umkhakha izivakashi lapha iyakhiwa kahle ukuhweba zasolwandle. Feodosia port ingenye ngobukhulu enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea.

Uma unquma ukuchitha iholide lakho eCrimea, ukhetho engcono kungaba ukuthi bakhethe nje Feodosia. Lapha amanani ephansi kakhulu kunalokho oGwini oluseNingizimu zokungcebeleka ezifana Yalta, kodwa zinsiza kanye nezinga ukujabulela uthola cishe okufanayo.

Ngemva nokudliwa eCrimea kuya Russian Federation nguhulumeni Russian uthembisa icubungulisise ukukhuthaza sesimanje ingqalasizinda ka esifundeni siye sanikelwa, kanye ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi izivakashi. UTheodosius, njengengxenye oqondile eCrimea, kungaba ngokuqinisekile sibalela imijovo utshalomali kanye nakwamanye amadolobha resort esifundeni. Ngakho ake Ngethemba ukuthi le ndawo uyogcina babe sihle futhi ezikhangayo more kwezivakashi.

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