Indian Ocean: isikwele sici

Iyini indawo kwe-Indian Ocean? kakhulu Igama amanzi lisikisela bebaningi. Ngokushesha kufanele sinake yokuthi i-Indian Ocean ngobukhulu lifaka lwesithathu phakathi kwezidumbu efanayo yamanzi eplanethini yethu. Engxenyeni okubanzi olwandle ibanga imayelana ayizinkulungwane 10 amakhilomitha. Lokhu value kungukubonakala lebhokisi iphuzu eningizimu ye-Afrika kanye ne-Australia. Itholakala phakathi emazwekazini amane: Antarctica, i-Eurasia yayigcwele, Afrika nase-Australia. Ngakho, liyini endaweni Indian Ocean (mln. Km2)? Lesi sibalo kwezigidi ezingu 76,174 sq. M. km.

Bheka Umlando

I-Indian Ocean enyakatho kuze eshayisa ezweni abantu basendulo zomhlaba ukuchaza ngokuthi ulwandle olukhulu kakhulu. Kuyinto kulolu lwandle, isintu saqala lokuqala ekufudukeleni emajukujukwini omhlaba yayo.

On amabalazwe akudala ke (noma kunalokho, ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga) ngokuthi "Sea Eritrea". Futhi abaseRussia lasendulo ambize Black. Ekhulwini IV waba ngowokuqala ukuvela ungwaqa enegama wamanje: lesiGreki "Indikon Pelagos" - "I-Indian Sea", Arabhu Bar-El-Hindi - "Indian Ocean". Futhi kakade kusukela ngekhulu XVI, kwezilwandle bahlele hydronym, okwakubekelwa ehlongozwayo ngu isazi esingumRoma.

geography

Indian Ocean, kanye endaweni kunabayeni zasePacific naseNyakatho-Atlantic, abasebasha futhi ufudumele kuka amadamu idatha. Lokhu emanzini uthola eziningana emifuleni esifundeni, enkulu kunazo zonke kubo - weLimpopo, iTigrisi, iGanges ne-Ewufrathe. amanzi Okolomaterikovye ocean kukhona turbid ngenxa yobuningi ngobumba isihlabathi, okuyinto akuthwale emfuleni, kodwa evulekile komkhathi lamanzi ke Akumangalisi ahlanzekile. E-Indian Ocean iziqhingi eziningi. Ezinye zazo - izinsalela zasendulo zaleli zwekazi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Maldives, Seychelles nabanye abaningi.

izilwandle eziyisikhombisa nasemathekwini eziyisithupha, kanye ezinye besebunzimeni iyona-Indian Ocean. endaweni wabo angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-11 square metres. km. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke - Red (anosawoti omningi kunawo wonke emhlabeni), wase-Arabhiya, oLwandle Andaman, umPheresiya futhi eBay of Bengal.
Ocean lisendaweni engaphezu amapuleti lasendulo zomhlaba, okuyinto ukuhambisa kuze kube manje. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-esifundeni kukhona tsunami njalo futhi wentaba-mlilo izintaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi.

indices zezulu

Indian Ocean, endaweni ezingaphezu kuka 76 kwezigidi ezingu square metres. km, itholakala izingxenye ezine zezulu. North emfuleni umcengezi ukuthonywa kuleli zwekazi lase-Asia, yingakho kwakukhona-tsunami njalo ejwayelekile yezimvula sezulu. Ngenxa okushisa aphakeme amanzi ukufuthelana kahle, ngakho kolwandle nemifula lapho olufudumele. Eningizimu, ubuswa southeast ukuhweba oya emoyeni wakhe abandayo. Ngo phakathi lezi ziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo zivame yakha.

Kumiswa Lonke sezulu yezimvula - imimoya ukuthi ukushintsha isiqondiso kuye isizini. Vele bobabili: ehlobo - hot futhi liyana futhi ebusika, nezinguquko okusheshayo sezulu, ngesinye isikhathi esihambisana nokukhithika iziphepho kanye nezikhukhula.

Yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Indian Ocean, okuyinto endaweni enkulu ngokwanele, ine flora ezihlukahlukene kakhulu nezilwane, kokubili ezweni emanzini ingxenye. Tropical ocebile plankton, okuyinto, ngokungafani Pacific, ligcwele izinto eziphilayo elikhanyayo. Inani elikhulu of ezinamagobolondo, jellyfish futhi squid. Of izinhlanzi zifana izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu oluyingozi, ezinobuthi ulwandle inyoka, tuna, izinhlobo eziningana oshaka. expanses Water ungabona imikhomo, izimvu zamanzi namahlengethwa. Coast wakhethwa izimfudu giant futhi indlovu lwezimpawu.

Kusukela ezihlukahlukene izinyoni kungaba albatross esikhethekile frigate. Futhi e-Afrika eseningizimu kunabantu abaningi ezahlukene penguins. Esikhathini nje kwamanzi angajulile aleli we kwamakhorali zikhule, ngezinye izikhathi ukwakha wonke iziqhingi. Phakathi kwalezi imiklamo amahle ikhaya amalungu amaningi kule ndawo - sea urchin zidla futhi starfish, izinkalankala, izipanji, ama-coral izinhlanzi.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye emanzini, nase-Indian Ocean igcwele izinhlobo eziningi ulwelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Sargassum ukuthi ayatholakala futhi endaweni yePacific. Kukhona litotamnii aluhlaza uqine futhi uthathe halimedy usizo kwamakhorali ukwakha ezingamaqoqo turbinarii futhi Caulerpa obumba yonke jungle kwamanzi. tide zone kanye imihlume olwandle abakhethiwe - awugqinsi, amahlathi njalo oluhlaza.

izici Economic kwe-Indian Ocean

I-Indian Ocean lihlukaniswe ophakathi kwezwe laseGrisi nenhlonhlo 28 8 Isiqhingi States. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinhlanzi whale ezisebusweni sonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, le ithuthukiswe kanye kakhulu Whaling commercial kuziwa engelutho. Ukudoba ithatha amaphesenti elincane emnothweni yalesi sifunda. Ngasogwini Australia, Bahrain naseSri Lanka ekhiqizwa nacre nangamaparele.

Olwandle ihabhu ngobukhulu ezokuthutha lwemikhumbi kule ndawo. Main ulwandle ezokuthutha ihabhu - Suez Canal, okuyinto uxhuma-Indian Ocean-Atlantic. Kusuka lapho, indlela ivulekile eYurophu nase Melika. Cishe iningi ukuphila zebhizinisi esifundeni bagxila emizini port - Mumbai, Karachi, Durban, Colombo, Dubai nabanye.

Ngenxa yokuthi le ndawo-Indian Ocean (izigidi ezingu km2) ingaphezu 76, endaweni egcina omningi enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi. ezifakwa Huge of izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi imikhando. Kodwa ingcebo main ngokuqinisekile uwoyela ocebile futhi igesi. Basuke bagxila ikakhulu angajulile of Gulf futhi eGulf of Suez.

Ngeshwa, imisebenti yebantfu ayabaluleka usongo ubuqotho kanye nokulondolozwa emhlabeni. Ngaphesheya koLwandle lwaseNdiya e inqwaba Shuttle emathangini avuzayo kanye emikhunjini yezohwebo. Noma yimuphi ukuvuza, ngisho encane, ungaba mubi kakhulu lonke esifundeni.