Indlela nenkhulumombiko cash flow ukuhlaziywa. Cash Flow Management

ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi ophumelelayo kudinga abanikazi inkampani nokuphathwa yayo ukuphathwa dolobha ngempumelelo yenkampani. Ukuze unike amandla nabantu abanentshisekelo ukuhlola indlela nokuqaliswa kwalo ezifanele, kungenzeka icele izindlela sokuhlaziya lokungena nokuphuma kwemali, nokusakazwa owenziwa enhlanganweni. Kuyini ngokucacile zabo? Kulezi zindlela ezifanele akunakubangelwa ezivamile?

Kungani isidingo kwemali ukuhlaziywa?

Ukungena kwemali ukuphathwa njengoba izinkomba zokuveza indlela zezimali womsebenzi walo. Ukuze uwaphathe kahle, abaphathi kudingeka ube ulwazi mayelana nobukhulu bazo, isakhiwo nakwezomnotho kohlaka lapho inzuzo dolobha.

Enye ithuluzi elula kakhulu futhi ethandwa ngawo ungathola ulwazi efanayo ubhekwa kumiswa umbiko kohlaziyo, eveza indlela lapho izinhlangano lihamba nokuphuma kwemali. Lo mbhalo angase abe usizo abaphathi, zimali, abakweletwayo kanye nabanye ababambe iqhaza empumelelweni izinhlangano ibhizinisi.

Kuyini umbiko ukunyakaza kwezimali?

Analytical umbiko kwemali ikuvumela ukuhlola:

• ke, ngenxa yini imithombo kwakheka inhloko-dolobha nhlangano;
• indlela lapho wachitha imali inkampani;
• Kuyinto ukuthi inkampani singalondoloza nenzuzo edingekayo lebhizinisi, eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezibopho;
• ngabe elilungile ukubaluleka kanye cash flow isakhiwo kusekelwe imisebenzi ezihlobene ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi.

Umbiko elihambisana ukuhlaziywa ukuze nokuhlola ukusebenza ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi lilonke, ukukhomba amandla nobuthakathaka ukuphathwa kanye ukukhiqizwa ingqalasizinda inkampani.

imithombo Okubukwe kusekelwe imibhalo izitatimende zezimali ezifana balance sheet, izitatimende zezimali nenzuzo nokulahlekelwa. Kodwa kulungile yini ngokuvamile ehambisana ne-izinqubomgomo zokubalwa kombiko kohlaziyo phezu kwemali, futhi ngoba abaphathi bangadlulisela wasithatha idatha inhloso, obonakalisa owenziwa ngaphandle kokubheka lokho okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini abasafufusa inqubo izinqubomgomo wokwakha.

izindlela dolobha ukugeleza ukuhlaziywa

Kukhona 3 izindlela eziyisisekelo ukuhlaziywa amathuluzi zezimali ukuze ukhiqize umbiko, esesiye sacabangela imininingwane okungenhla - ngqo, ngokungaqondile futhi Coefficient. Kunezindlela eziningana izici abawasebenzisayo.

Ukuze adonse umbiko phezu ukunyakaza dolobha, abaphathi ngokuvamile zifaniswa 2 izindlela - nenkhulumombiko. Indlela kwemali ukuhlaziya ezimbili ezikhethiwe okungukuthi eliphezulu inhlangano ethile, kungase kukhethwe kuzinto eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi - kwahambisana ngumuntu indlela Coefficient.

Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe imininingwane ngamunye yezindlela.

Indlela eqondile sokuhlaziya capital: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Umbono ebizwe iqonde, ubhekwa kancane kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi okufanele uzindle ukunyakaza idatha dolobha ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokusebenza, ukuthi sidinga ukufinyelela inani elikhulu accounting imibhalo. indlela Direct cash flow ukuhlaziywa futhi kudinga ukuvezwa embikweni wesimo izinhlobo ezinkulu engenayo yezezimali ye-akhawunti yenkampani, kanye nezindleko ezivela kohlaka yebhizinisi.

Izinzuzo esemqoka le ndlela zimi kanje:

• ivumela abaphathi ukukhombisa ukuthi, ngenxa yini imithombo ezakhiwe capital nokuthi yonke isiphelile;
• kukuvumela ukunquma bezimali lenhlangano izinga Ukwanela kwezinto imali liqinile, ngokuya ekwenzeni izinkokhelo ku izibopho zamanje;
• indlela okukhulunywa ngokuvamile ukusebenza ngo ukuhlanganisa ne yokusetha of izimali kanye nezindleko, okuvumela ukunikeza kokuhlaziywa umgomo we ukusebenza yayo;
• kukuvumela ukunquma ubuhlobo yokuthengisa imali nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.

Esikhundleni usebenzisa indlela eqondile capital ukugeleza ukuhlaziywa kungaba ukusebenzisa indlela engesobala. Yiziphi izici zalo enhle kakhulu?

Indlela engesobala sokuhlaziya capital: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Indlela engesobala cash flow ukuhlaziya inkampani libhekene yokuthi lapho kuthatha ku inzuzo akhawunti noma ukulahlekelwa inhlangano kuyalungiswa esekelwe ngenzuzo litholakale abaphathi ulwazi mayelana ukuthengiselana non zezimali, kanye nezinguquko agcwele inzuzo dolobha.

indlela kubhekwe ikuvumela:

• ukulandelela indlela lapho imiphumela ezomnotho ngokuqinile luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwenye indawo zokukhiqiza;
• ukucacisa ubudlelwano phakathi izinyathelo imali net nangokushintsha indlela isakhiwo zokusebenza zokuqhuba umsebenzi wenkampani ngaphakathi esikhathini esinikeziwe.

Ngakho, emihle nemibi ube indlela kokubili nenkhulumombiko cash flow ukuhlaziywa. Kukhethwa indlela kuncike ngokuyinhloko ukutholakala ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuphenywe isakhiwo kanye nokunyakaza dolobha. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, ulwazi imisebenzi etholakalayo, ngalesosikhathi realize indlela eqondile kuyinkinga kuleli cala isetshenziswa indlela engesobala. Kodwa uma ukufinyelela idatha ezidingekayo kule kuqala kungaba ngempela indlela yokuqala. Yikuphi izindlela kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango, unganquma abaphathi abanekhono, ikhumbula izinkinga zokuphatha zamanje, izifiso zimali kanye uchwepheshe iseluleko.

Manje ukufunda ngendlela okuphethwe ngayo indlela nenkhulumombiko cash flow ukuhlaziywa zisetshenziswa practice.

Indlela eqondile yokuthola imali yokuqala ukugeleza ukuhlaziywa: izicelo practice

Ngokuvamile, ngokoqobo lokhu ndlela kusetshenziswa ulwazi esalotshwa balance sheet lenkampani, kanye kule nenzuzo nokulahlekelwa akhawunti. Kulokhu, ukusebenza kohlelo basakaza lapho ubheka izinto ezifana:

• yokuthengisa net;
• Dynamics ama-akhawunti atholakalayo futhi akhawunti ekhokhwayo;
• kwentuthuko ikhokhwe osonkontileka;
• yokukhokha izimpahla nezinkonzo amakhasimende;
• intengo izindleko imikhiqizo ithengiswe noma ekhiqizwa namasevisi;
• Dynamics yokusungula;
• izinguquko izinkomba esibonisa izindleko ezikhokhwayo;
• ukukhiqizwa main kanye nezindleko zokuphatha ;
• Dynamics ukuzibophezela niqiniswe;
• izindleko ezihlobene isevisi yokukhokha abahlinzeki, nokukhokhwa amaholo abasebenzi, ukudluliswa inzalo emalini ebolekwe;
• Dynamics izinqolobane emiselwe izinkokhelo;
• ukubaluleka non-yokusebenza imali;
• Dynamics izikweletu nentuthuko kohlaka ukukhokha intela;
• inani langempela yokudluliswa nesabelomali;
• Capital ukugeleza rate kulemisebenti yokusebenza.

Umklomelo-circuit, lapho bacubungula zezimali kwemali, ivumela isilinganiso onokwethenjelwa ngokwanele of nekusebenta dolobha ukuphathwa. Kodwa-ke has ethile: cishe alisho ukuthi umphumela zezimali ingase ixhomeke endleleni ubukhulu kokusebenza kwenkampani.

Ekusebenteni, ukuhlaziywa notshwala ukheshi indlela eqondile kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokufuna izinkampani ukuthi balawule izimpahla omunye noma ngesisekelo ukuphathwa zokusebenza. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa kubhekwe kulesi simo kungaba wusizo ngokuya ukulawula yini noma cha inani capital lenkampani ukugcwalisa izibopho eyanele, banikezwe okulinganiselwe izimali namafa okuqondene ubunikazi yenkampani.

Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi indlela eqondile ikuvumela ukuhlola ezingeni zezimali yezimpahla inkampani njengoba kusho ukudalulwa isakhiwo dolobha e-akhawunti ahlukahlukene, kunikeza ithuba yihlaziye, iziphi izidingo inkampani enhloko-dolobha yangaphandle - aboleke imali noma ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye ukunquma ikhono yenkampani ukuze recoup ukutshalwa noma abuyisele ukubolekisa esekelwe lezo zidingo abanazo kanye Dynamics izinkomba zezimali.

Indlela engesobala capital ukuhlaziywa: isicelo practice

indlela engesobala sibalo kanye nokuhlaziywa cash flow ukuphathwa kuhilela ukuqaliswa zenzo letigaba letilandzelako.

Okokuqala, bezimali lenkampani anqume inani inzuzo inetha. Isebenzisa ulwazi kusuka ezimali kanye Intela yokubika.

Okwesibili, izibalo inzuzo kunezelwa izindleko ukuthi abanalo maqondana ngqo ukuze ukuhamba dolobha - ngokwesibonelo, kungashiwo yehliswa.

Okwesithathu, bangeniswa izinguquko akhawunti amafa zamanje kanye nezikweletu zamanje wenkampani.

Indlela engesobala, ukuze kusivumela ukulandelela indlela lapho inhlangano uguqulwe inhloko-dolobha izimali ezithile namafa. Le ndlela - lula nje uma eqhathaniswa naso ngqo futhi kungenziwa igcwaliseke ngendlela imigomo nokusebenza xaxa.

Coefficient indlela

Sixoxe izindlela sokuhlaziya lokungena nokuphuma kwemali - nenkhulumombiko, bavame eyayihambisana enye indlela nje, ukuvaleka kwegebe. Kuyini ngokucacile yayo? Coefficient indlela ukutadisha isakhiwo kanye nokunyakaza inhloko-dolobha ibhizinisi ikuvumela:

• I degree of ukuphambuka maqondana zezimali notshwala bekuhlela ne lusebenze;
• ahlaziye ukusebenza capital ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni;
• ukuhlola ikhwalithi kwezimali enhlanganweni.

Indlela okukhulunywa ngayo, okungenye okusobala esekelwe negama layo lizisho ukubandakanywa ukuze sihlaziye notshwala ukheshi ezicini eziningana. Ngumuphi kubo angabizwa ngokuthi ethandwa kakhulu?

Kungaba izinto:

• net dolobha nokwanela;
• nekusebenta notshwala wezimali;
• reinvestment.

Isici sokuqala ukuze sithole ukuthi inhlangano imali eyengeziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ukuzibophezela wezimali kudingeka. Eyesibili libhekisela izinkomba generalizing futhi ukuhlola elingakanani Dynamics ukuthuthukiswa esitebeleni yenhloko-dolobha kule nkampani kanye nendlela okusebenza ngayo outflow of izimali. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukusetshenziswa Isici sesithathu kungase kube nomthelela kule ukuhlonza izici ezithinta Dynamics kumiswa non-zamanje amafa inkampani entsha, ukucabanga, njengoba umthetho, nje utshalomali efanayo kule nkampani.

Isicelo se-imiphumela yokuhlaziya ukuhamba inhlokodolobha

Ngakho, sabuka izindlela ezivame kakhulu sokuba ukuhlaziywa nokuphuma kwemali enhlanganweni. Kuzoba ewusizo futhi uhlole indlela lapho imiphumela yalesi ukuhlaziywa kungenziwa baqashwe practice.

Direct, ngokungaqondile, Coefficient indlela kwemali ukuhlaziywa ivumela ukuphathwa inkampani kanye nabanye abanentshisekelo, okokuqala kunakho konke, uthole umbono walokho ukuthengiselana ezithile zezimali kwenziwe inkampani ngesikhathi sokubika futhi kulokho ivolumu yokusesha. Lolu lwazi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle capital nokuphathwa ukuze nokwandisa yebhizinisi yenkampani. Imininingwane Usuku phezu kwemali Dynamics inkampani kungase kube usizo zimali, abantu abathatha izinqumo ukutshala izimali zami kule nkampani, abakweletwayo, abalingani.

idatha okunokwethenjelwa mayelana ukunyakaza dolobha kule nkampani ukuvumela ukuhlela ukuphathwa ngempumelelo. Masitadishe lesi sici kabanzi.

Dynamics of inhloko-dolobha njengoba factor iqhakambisa nokuphathwa kwezimali inkampani

Sasifunda izindlela eziyisisekelo ukuhlaziywa cash flow ivumela ukuphathwa okufanele icatshangelwe, okokuqala kunakho konke, nalokho isakhiwo inhlokodolobha inkampani emelelwa emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona idatha yabo kulahlwa engasetshenziswa ukuthola yokulimala ingxenye ukuphathwa kwenkampani zezimali.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlaziya imali ageleza ngqo, ngokungaqondile noma Coefficient indlela ongabonisa ngazo ukuthi ngezimali ngokweqile imisebenzi inkampani akusho sahlulele ukukhula kwezinga inzuzo, kanti ukutshala imali dolobha kwenye indawo zokukhiqiza angabuye, kakhulu ukufukula ngezimali. Uma ukuhlaziywa olufanele Kwenziwa ukucacisa izinkomba lapho ukutshala kuyinto matasa, kungaba inkinga.

Ukutadisha Dynamics inzuzo yenkampani yethu capital ngokusebenzisa amathekhiniki okuxoxwe angavumela ukuphathwa ukuze sinqume ukuthi izimali kakhulu ngempumelelo yingcweti kulokho izingxenye inkampani. Ngakho, ukuhlaziywa abonakalise ukuthi esilinganayo ethenge wekhasi elilodwa naphakathi ngenhla isakhiwo, kuyilapho omunye - ngezansi. Uma ucwaningo olufanele hhayi kwenziwe ke ukunquma division kahle kakhulu inkampani kungaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ukuphuma ebhizinisini elikhulu.

Ukuphatha imali - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Vele kanjani uphelele ohlelweni lapho wenziwa, kanye Ithembeke kangakanani nezindlela zokuhlola yayo, kuthinte kakhulu ukukwazi ukuncintisana namazwe yenkampani. izinhlangano ababili ababesebenza ingxenye efanayo nokuba ofeleba efanayo ingase ibonise eziseceleni ezahlukene ukuthi kungenzeka kubangelwa ukuphathwa iyashelela capital kunoma yiziphi izinkampani. Hlangana nokhunye ebaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo yayo - ikhono lokuphatha ukuphenya thembeke ukukala kanye nokwandisa uhlelo okuhambisanayo.

Lokhu kungase kuhileleke safunda izindlela. Ngakho, indlela nenkhulumombiko cash flow ukuhlaziywa, kwahambisana ngu Coefficient ezimweni inkokhelo lapho idingeke khona, zingamathuluzi yesimanje futhi kufinyeleleke wokutadisha isakhiwo dolobha enhlanganweni, ukuphathwa, izinga kuhlola kwekusebenta kubukwe notshwala zezimali kanye utshalomali ekukhiqizeni. Kukhethwa indlela kuncike ukutholakala ulwazi oludingekayo, lamanje ukuphathwa imisebenzi ehlobene kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda dolobha ukuphathwa kahle, izifiso abanikazi, zimali noma iseluleko uchwepheshe.