Indlela ukuxazulula isikwele magic (Grade 3)? Kuzuze abafundi

puzzle Mathematical khona inombolo zicatshangwe. Ngamunye wabo ahlukile ngendlela yabo, kodwa charm yabo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ikhambi nakanjani babe ukuza amafomula. Yiqiniso, singakwazi uzame ukuzixazulula, njengoba besho, nomaphi, kodwa kuyoba isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi cishe akukho impumelelo.

Lesi sihloko ngeke ukhulume enye yalezi izimfihlakalo, kepha ukuba eqondile - kwesikwele magic. Sihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic. 3 ekilasini kohlelo olubanzi, yebo, iyaqhubeka, kodwa mhlawumbe hhayi wonke umuntu waqonda noma abazange bamkhumbule.

Kuyini lokhu imfihlakalo?

isikwele Magic, noma njengoba ibizwa, imilingo - itafula lapho isibalo kanye nemigqa okufanayo, futhi konke egcwele izibalo ezahlukene. Inselelo enkulu ukuba nezibalo esikhathini inani mpo, evundla idayagonali ukunikeza ukubaluleka efanayo.

Ngaphezu isikwele magic, kukhona lulwimi imilingo. Libonisa ukuthi isamba izinombolo kodwa okufanayo thwi kanye nendawo. Magic square "evamile" kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi esetshenziswa bagcwalise izinombolo zemvelo kusukela ubunye.

Namanje kukhona into enjalo njengoba isikwele lesinesitfombe-sibuko magic - lena lapho ukubaluleka isamba sezinombolo ezimbili kulingana, ngesikhathi lapho ahlelwe symmetrically maqondana nendawo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi izikwele kungaba banoma iyiphi isayizi ngaphezu 2 2 square 1 ku 1 Uphinde abhekwe ukuba imilingo, njengoba zonke izimo sezigcwalisekile, nakuba liqukethe inombolo eyodwa.

Ngakho, nge ncazelo esizifunde, manje ake sixoxe indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic. 3 ekilasini lwezifundo akunakwenzeka ukuchaza konke njengoba kubekiwe njengoba lesi sihloko.

Yiziphi izixazululo

Labo abantu abazi indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic (3 ekilasini uyazi kahle), ngokushesha bathi izixazululo ezintathu kuphela, futhi ngayinye kuwo kufanelekile izikwele ahlukahlukene, kodwa namanje awanakuziziba isixazululo wesine, + okuwukuthi, "okungahleliwe" . Phela, ngandlela-thile kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abangenalwazi usazokwazi ukuxazulula le puzzle. Kodwa le ndlela sibekele eceleni ebhokisini elide uhambe ngqo amafomula kanye namasu.

Indlela yokuqala. Lapho isikwele lingalingani

Le ndlela kuphela ezifanelekela ukuxazulula isikwele enjalo, okuyinto inenombolo obungavamile amaseli, isibonelo, i-3 ngu-3 noma 5 phezu 5.

Ngakho, kunoma yiliphi icala ekuqaleni kumele uthole njalo imilingo. Le nombolo, okuyinto etholakala uma inani izinombolo ngokuphambeneyo, zibheka futhi nendawo. Kulinganiselwa kusetshenziswa indlela:

Kulesi sibonelo, sicabanga isikwele ezintathu ezintathu, ifomula zaziyoba ibukeke ngakho (n - inani amakholomu):

Ngakho, sinesizathu isikwele. Into yokuqala okumele uyenze - kuyinto ukufaka inombolo eyodwa maphakathi umugqa wokuqala kusukela phezulu. Zonke izinombolo okwalandela kumele afakwe okufanayo yezinyoni imithetho on the diagonal.

Kodwa-ke ngokushesha umbuzo ophakamayo, indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic? Ibanga 3 akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa le ndlela, futhi iningi ngeke kube yinkinga, indlela yokukwenza ngale ndlela, uma lokhu kungekhona iseli? Ukuze wenze izinto ezilungile, kumele ukusebenzisa iso lakho lengqondo futhi siqede square efanayo magic phezulu futhi kuvela ukuthi inombolo 2 kuyoba kuwo kuseli ephansi kwesokudla. Ngakho, ngo-sikwele yethu singena ezimbili endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka ufaka izinombolo ukuze ndawonye balinika ukubaluleka 15.

izinombolo Okwalandela uvumelane ngendlela efanayo. Lokho 3 kuyoba esikhungweni ngekholomini yokuthoma. Kodwa 4 Ngeke ukwazi ukubhala kule isimiso, kusukela indawo yayo isivele iyunithi. Kulokhu, inombolo 4 itholakala ngaphansi 3, bese uqhubeke. Five - maphakathi isikwele, 6 - phezulu sangakwesokudla, 7 - I-6, 8 - phezulu kwesokunxele kanye 9 - maphakathi the line phansi.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi ukuxazulula isikwele magic. Demidov labetibambile isigaba 3, kodwa lo mbhali Kwakuwumsebenzi kancane kulula, kodwa zingayazi indlela ukuze bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo. Kodwa lokhu, uma isibalo obungavamile amakholomu. Futhi yini okufanele uyenze uma sinalo, isibonelo, isikwele 4 by 4? Lokhu okunye embhalweni.

Eyesibili indlela. Ukuze Square lo silinganiso double

Square kabili silinganiso obizwa ngokuthi nenombolo amakholomu kungenziwa wahlukanisa no-2, 4. Manje sicabanga isikwele 4 by 4.

Ngakho, indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic (Libanga 3, Demidov, Kozlov, mncane - setha ethile yencwadi le-IiMbalo), lapho inani amakholomu yakhe kulingana 4? Kulula kabi. Lula kuka kulesibonelo ngaphambili.

Endaweni yokuqala sithola njalo magic kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo ukuthi wafakwa okokugcina. Kulesi sibonelo, inombolo 34. Manje une ukwakha izinombolo yokuthi isamba mpo, evundla idayagonali uyefana.

Okokuqala sidinga ukupenda ezinye amaseli wenze lokhu, unga ipensela noma umcabango. Penda phezu zonke engele, okungukuthi, iseli elingenhla esinxeleni kanye kwesokudla, osezansi kwesobunxele futhi ephansi kwesokudla. Uma esigcawini kungaba 8 by 8, khona-ke akudingekile ukupenda kwelinye ibhokisi ekhoneni, futhi ezine, ukulinganisa 2 2.

Manje kudingeka ukupenda maphakathi square, ukuze engeli emakhoneni ukhathazekile amaseli kakade ukubopha. Kulesi sibonelo, sithola isikwele maphakathi 2 by 2.

Ukuthola ukugcwaliswa. Ingabe ugcwalise kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla ngokulandelana lapho amaseli zitholakala, vele ufake ukubaluleka kuyoba kumaseli ukubopha. It kuvela ukuthi phezulu kwesokunxele ekhoneni 1 afakwe kwesokudla - 4. Bese ugcwalisa emaphakathi 6, 7, kanye eminye 10 na 11. ephansi kwesokunxele nakwesokudla 13 - 16. Sikholelwa ukuthi inqubo yokugcwalisa ecacile.

Amaseli asele agcwaliswa ngendlela efanayo, kuphela eyehlayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yokugcina iye elalibhalwe sibalo 16, phezulu isikwele ngokubhala 15. Eminye 14. Khona-ke 12, 9 nokunye, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi indlela yesibili ukuxazulula isikwele magic. Ibanga 3 uyavuma ukuthi esigcawini kabili silinganiso kuba lula ukuxazulula kunabanye. Nokho, siphendukela indlela wesibili.

Indlela yesithathu. Ukuze Square a silinganiso olulodwa

Square silinganiso olulodwa libizwa esigcawini inani amakholomu zingahlukaniswa zibe ezimbili, kodwa hhayi ezine. Kulokhu, esigcawini 6 6.

Ngakho, esibala ngayo njalo imilingo. Kuyinto elilingana 111.

Manje sidinga Square zibukeke ihlukaniswe square ezine ezahlukene 3 by 3. 3 kufanele usayizi square ezine ezincane 3 kwelinye 6 6. Upper kwesokunxele esikhulu sibizwa ngokuthi A, ephansi kwesokudla - B, elingenhla kwesokudla - osezansi kwesobunxele futhi C - D.

Manje kudingeka ukuxazulula kwesikwele ngasinye esincane, usebenzisa indlela yokuqala okunikezwa kulesi sihloko. It kuvela ukuze isikwele A izinombolo kusuka 1 kuya 9, e-V - kusuka 10 kuya 18, C - 19 kuya ku-27 no-D - kusuka 28 kuya 36.

Uma usunqume zonke izikwele ezine, umsebenzi uzoqala ku A no D. Kufanele kube esigcawini A ongaboni noma ngepensela ihlukaniswe amaseli ezintathu, okungukuthi, kwesokunxele, osezansi kwesobunxele, namaphakathi. Out ukuze izinombolo labelwe - 8, 5 futhi 4. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukukhomba kanye Square D (35, 33, 31). All that remains ukwenze eguqulayo izinombolo labelwe of square D A.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi indlela yokugcina kanjani ungakwazi ukuxazulula isikwele magic. Ibanga 3 silinganiso square olulodwa akamthandi kakhulu. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba zonke waletha nzima kakhulu.

isiphetho

Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, okufundile indlela yokuxazulula isikwele magic. Ebangeni le-3 (Moreau - umbhali yencwadi) inikeza imisebenzi efana ne amaseli ambalwa nje egcwele. Cabangela isibonelo sakhe akwenzi mqondo njengoba ezazi zonke izindlela ezintathu, ungakwazi kalula ukuxazulula zonke izinhloso ehlongozwayo.