Umklamo yobuciko: amafomu, izindlela, izindlela

umklamo yobuciko (design) kuyinqubo creative, kanye ezithile design indlela, by okuyizinto imikhiqizo ezimbonini. Sasifunda umqondo yesiyalo ezifana sobuhle bayo lobuchwepheshe.

umklamo yobuciko ungaphakathi parallel zobunjiniyela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kusivumela ukuthi ukuxazulula nselelo zomnotho lobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo. Ongoti ohilelekile design kwezobuciko, ngokuthi umculi-umklami, noma umklami.

izigaba ukwakheka

umklamo Art umkhiqizo has kwaqala 19 phakathi. A esiteji ukulungiselela lasungulwa kwaba yinkathi kusukela ekuqaleni umphakathi wesintu, lapho kwakukhona ababazi cottage umkhakha. Kwaba umsebenzi wezandla ne ubuchwepheshe lasekuqaleni. Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngamathuluzi elula futhi kwaba esinomkhawulo edition. Nokho, ngamunye kukhishwa into master kuyasiza umuntu futhi uyakucabangela zonke izidingo zakhe. Iyonke ingcweti emsebenzini babe yobuhle okukhethekile.

Ukufika ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kwaphawulwa ukukhululwa kwe "izinto esinonya futhi abandayo." Kuleli qophelo, kwakungekho umklamo bakudala, njengoba ochwepheshe ukwakha prototypes imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa abasebenzi ngosizo imishini. Ngesikhathi kahle efanayo futhi ukusebenza izimpahla ehilelekile isakhiwo zobunjiniyela. Abaklami unesibopho kuphela ukubukeka yobuhle umkhiqizo. Nokho, lokhu akuzange zivumelane abathengi. Kwavela ukuthi umklami phambi prototyping imikhiqizo, kubalulekile ukufunda ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa futhi izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kalula yokusingatha imikhiqizo ngokulinganayo kubaluleke njengokugwema mafomu zangaphandle. Yingakho izinkampani ezikhiqiza design zezimboni imikhiqizo zezimboni zaqala ukutheleka onjiniyela kanye abaklami, modellers futhi kufanale agqoke izikhindi zangaphansi, kanye ochwepheshe ukutadisha emakethe.

Lokhu kwalandelwa isigaba design, ngokuhlanganisa odlule ezintsha ezimbili. Ochwepheshe waqala umsebenzi ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinto ezibhaliwe. UMklami uyekile abe umklami kanye zasesiteji for izinto zabo. Wafunda ukucabanga big babecabanga nangekusasa lendalo. Nokho, wayecabanga ngokusebenzisa kusengaphambili nokuthi sizokuthinta kanjani umkhiqizo ku imvelo nendlela bayakwazi ukuthola izinto abazidingayo kuwo.

Injongo eyinhloko yawo umklami kwezobuciko kwakufanele alondoloze ubumsulwa imibono, kanye nekwakha nice indoda izinto ezisebenza ukuma ezinengqondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umklami kudingeka ulwazi kwabantu yasendlini kwabantu, izitho zomzimba, Psychology, Ergonomics, imithi nokunye. D.

Siyini isihloko of isitayela?

Incazelo yezinjongo eziyinhloko, izindlela kanye izindawo umsebenzi umklami wanika inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ochwepheshe ICSID, eyasungulwa ngo-1957 Ngokwe-evunyiwe imiqondo yalo, umculi-umklami kumelwe ukuhumusha lezo zimiso zokudala ezikhona sobuhle bayo lobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo enesibopho zithobele indlela eklanywe ngokuhlakanipha ngayo. Umsebenzi of onguchwepheshe onjena ukucacisa uhlobo nemisebenti kanye netimphahla ezizokwenelisa womuntu futhi wenze ukuphila kwakhe elithelayo.

Le nqubo ye-design nobuciko ukuthuthukiswa umbono soqobo. Uma udala umkhiqizo umklami esizayo uyasebenzisana nezinye izifundiswa ukucacisa uhlobo lokugcina samuntu ekhulelwa.

Ububanzi umculi-umklami kuhlanganisa cishe zonke izinto adalwe indoda. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene izimpahla ukukhiqizwa serial mass.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, into design nobuciko - a sobuhle bayo lobuchwepheshe. It is lisetshenziswe inqubo kumiswa ubuntu ngokuvumelanayo athuthukile.

Imithetho design kwezobuciko

Namuhla, kunezinguqulo ezingaba nakho esiwusizo, kanye izimo kanye nezimiso ozofakwa ekuklanyweni. Ukusebenzisa kwabo design nobuciko ikuvumela ukudala izinto obunobunye. Ukuthi bayindlala umuntu yesimanje.

Isitayela kanye nomklamo isezingeni inhliziyo wesimanje design art. Umbhali ukudala izinto zabo besebenzisa umkhuba kwezenhlalo, nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo okubangelwa yilokho imvelo nokubona kwansuku zonke. Bamtshela isilinganiso enkulu, izithunzi kanye nemibala, kanye namafomu plastic. Kulokhu, ababhali ukwethula umkhiqizo ngomqondo othile, elikuvumela ukuba ushayele umthengi umqondo yobuhle lokumjabulisa.

Esebenzisa kwezobuciko design, olusebenzisa umklami - kuba olinganise futhi imiqulu, imigqa kanye nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili, isigqi kanye nemibala, kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene umhlobiso. Uma isicelo sabo kunikezwa isihloko esisodwa noma olunye uhlobo, kulethe umbhali okuhloswe isithombe.

Umdwebi-umklami ngokuhamba umsebenzi wabo kumele njalo ucabange ngani ekupheleni-umsebenzisi, labatawusebentisa ukuba basungule into. Kulokhu, umklami kudingeka ucele usizo hhayi kuphela ingcebo umcabango, kodwa futhi ulwazi ubuchwepheshe, kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge-amakhono. Futhi uma ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, njengoba ngesisekelo design bokubeka izinto kwaba isifiso umlobi ubukhazikhazi elinesithunzi, kodwa manje ochwepheshe izinto ukhululekile futhi elula.

Ngakho, isibonelo design zanamuhla sendaba ubunye ifomu kanye ezikwenzayo okuwusizo izinto. Ngezinye izici ezifanayo kanye amakhono izinto lasetjentiswako kumele ngokuhambisana senqubo yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe.

izinhlobo design

umklamo yobuciko libhekwa ku:

• art ezingokomoya design;
• umklamo kwezohwebo;
• Idizayini yezimboni.

Uma ucabangela izinhlobo design kwezobuciko, Ngifuna kuqala kunazo zonke behlukene yabo yobuciko-design. Lona umugqa nenhle kunazo emkhakheni kwento. Design izixazululo kulendawo zisekelwe izimiso ephezulu (net) art. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi izinto engavamile adalwe abaculi kufanele abe nesithakazelo akubona bonke abantu. Nokho, namuhla umthengi isilinganiso okukhulu kuthatha isiqondiso entsha. Uthanda izinto ukuveza intonations ezicashile, imfudumalo wezandla zomuntu, futhi enemizwa ejulile.

Uhlobo esilandelayo design nobuciko - umklamo kwezohwebo. Lona umsebenzi esinzulu futhi enesibopho. Kuyinto design izikhala ezisobala futhi ihlose ukwenza inzuzo. Phela, umthengi bengena esitolo, bar noma yokudlela kufanele kube elingaphakathi zikanokusho ezimnandi ngaye. Ngokungangabazeki, endaweni Chic Boutique umuntu kulula nemali kuka esitolo engcolile.

Uhlobo lwesithathu isitayela design ezimbonini. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso imikhiqizo injongo yasendlini ekhiqizwa ngendlela yezimboni. Eliphezulu kanye nomklamo ezithakazelisayo bezimpahla ezikhiqiziwe kuwenza wehluke emakethe umthengi kanye nesithakazelo umthengi ezingaba khona. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo design zezimboni, njengoba ezokuthutha kanye nomklamo zezimboni yezimoto.

Ukwakha izinto ezinhle

Cishe zonke izinto ezisizungezile ndoda wanamuhla wenza ngosizo imishini futhi umshini amathuluzi. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinkulu cottage umkhakha wahlala esikhathini eside esidlule, sonke sifuna izinto uthenge abangu enhle. Yingakho umklamo yesimanje nokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa aesthetics. umklamo akugcini nje ukuthuthukiswa inhlalakahle anda, kodwa futhi ukuvela ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye lo mncintiswano okwandayo emakethe. Ngokuba umuntu esenziwe ebalulekile ukuthi izinto ezizungezile amahle yobuhle. Futhi ukuthi ubunjiniyela kanye nomklamo kwezobuciko kwezinga lemikhiqizo yezimboni kufanele uzoyaphi.

zindlela Tebuciko nokuhlola izinto

Indlela ukudala ingoma emnandi ngempela? I Ochwepheshe zisebenzisa imithetho design kwezobuciko, ekufezeni ubunye ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo bewakha ukuze proportionality kwazo zonke izakhi zawo. Kulokhu, isihloko kumelwe nakanjani babe enhle futhi iyonke enobunye. Futhi lokhu kudinga ukugcwaliseka nezimfuneko ezithile.

Okokuqala kumele sihlonishwe imikhiqizo proportionality. Ukuze leli fomu ekhona ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ohlangothini enezingqimba noma mpo. Ukugcina proportionality kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa izakhiwo ophahleni kanye nemikhumbi, ukukhiqiza izihlalo kanye amatafula, nezinye izinto eziningi.

Omunye izakhiwo ezibukwayo imikhiqizo iyona wesimethri. Indoda ibukele wakhe kakade eminyaka nemvelo. Ukusebenzisa wesimethri, abantu badala izinto amahle ephelele.

Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda ka design kwezobuciko ukudala ifomu ashukumisayo. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ngezabelo alinganayo zonke izingxenye umkhiqizo. Ukuze ufake phakathi ifomu othakazelisayo izindiza kanye nezitimela, Awama-Glider nezimoto.

Enye imfuneko static izinto design ezihlobene baxhashazwe yakhe. Ngokungafani ashukumisayo, izinto ezinjalo omkhulu futhi ube isikhungo sobala gravity. Lena ezahlukene umshini amathuluzi ukucindezela.

Ngo indlela yokwakheka mkhiqizo Ngokuphambene kubaluleke kakhulu. Iveza umehluko futhi kugcizelela izakhiwo ezahlukene into. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa imibala abamhlophe nabansundu, izakhi high and low, okwe evele bushelelezi.

Lapho edala izinto umklami idonsela ukunakekela kokusele isimo sabo. It kufanekisela isimo lapho izakhi into the sokunene nesobunxele izinhlangothi ziyalinganisela nomunye. Equilibrium kufinyelelwa ku ukusatshalaliswa kwazo zonke izingxenye isihlobo umkhiqizo nendawo.

Ukwakha izinto ezinhle okuyiyona ebaluleke kakhulu umbala Iwawo. It ukhonza hhayi kuphela njengendlela yokuthola Ukwakheka, kodwa futhi izinga isici. Umbala ogcizelela ukuma ethile into futhi ukudala induduzo womuntu kwengqondo.

Inani design nobuciko ngoba ekukhuleni kwengane

izingane amakilasi enkulisa kuhluke ezihlukahlukene enkulu. Bavumela ukuba silondoloze inzalo yomntwana imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nombono yayo esibanzi. Umklamo bokubeka izingane enkulisa ukuthuthukisa ikhono eqanjiwe zabo, ukucabanga izinto. Kungumsebenzi izindlela ezihlukahlukene, lapho inqubo aesthetically izinto abalulekile futhi ewusizo. Ezemidlalo Art design ngephepha amakhadibhodi, ukhuni nezinye izinto inamathela izingane izinhlobo ezahlukene buciko, wokubonisa isithakazelo sculpting nokudweba, appliqué, nezinye izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ukuthuthukiswa izidingo yobuchopho. It ozuza ikhono abheke indlela ebaziwe nokudweba, zimisele izindlela ukumelwa.

Art okuklama enkulisa, ngokuvamile ihlangabezana izidingo nezithakazelo izingane. yezandla Made basebenzisa e imidlalo yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo thisha livela ithuba elanele imfundo zokuziphatha, ukuhlakanipha kanye tebuciko lezingane zasenkulisa.

Ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo nengane design nobuciko, kanye yokufuna amakhono obuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ikhono ukuhlaziya ezizungeze, ukwakha ukumelwa generalized into idalwa, kanye ukuthuthukisa ajabulele ubuciko ukucabanga ezimele.

Iphepha Ukuphathwa

umklamo zobuchwepheshe kwezobuciko nokusetshenziswa kwale nto wafunda izingane zasenkulisa kwamanye amakilasi. Kule ndlela yokufunda, njengoba umthetho, kusekelwe mbumbulu.

izingane ukudala izibalo fabulous, yezandla, zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi, nokunye. njll Ukusebenzisa design nobuciko leliphepha. Kulokhu, amasu ahlukahlukene singasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuhlanekezela kanye crumpling, edwengula futhi ukuzisika, futhi aguqa. I last amasu ezimbili abhekwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke. Nokho, it is eguqa futhi ukusika ngesikhathi labo amaseshini, lapho afundela khona umklamo kwezezimboni iphepha izindlela ezivame kakhulu ekufundiseni umkhuba. izingane zabo balukhulume ngempumelelo isivele koneminyaka eyisihlanu. Eminyakeni emithathu noma emine, othisha ukunikeza ingane umbimbi, zisondelene adwengule ephepheni. Lena izingane lula kakhulu.

Japan ifinyelele kithi kungenye inqubo - Kirsch. Yena alo ephepheni futhi ukuyiyeka bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Lokhu kudala imifanekiso yezilwane nabantu, izimbali kanye eqhwa, nokunye. D. Lo msebenzi libhekene nobuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lapha ingane liyadingeka ekuhambisaneni izinqubo yokusebenza ukuphindaphinda yabo.

Inani iphepha handling

umklamo yobuciko kwale nto eyandisa khathizwe kwezingane. Ngakho esikoleni etholwe ulwazi mayelana izakhiwo zamaphepha izicelo zabo kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane amakhono wanginika ukuhlela umsebenzi. Ukusebenza iphepha, izingane zenza tincumo nekubeka ukwenza analysis elula, khetha ukuma oyifunayo futhi ngokuphumelelayo wenze ukudala. Lo msebenzi kunomthelela ukunemba, futhi lifundisa inhlonipho ngokucophelela impahla esetshenziswa. Izingane ziqala ukuba imodeli, ngiphakamisa nge ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezingalindelekile lezinto adalwe kubo.

umklamo yobuciko esikoleni

imfundo Tebuciko izingane uthola ukuqhubeka yayo emabangeni aphansi. Iphinde wafundisa izinto eziyisisekelo isitayela. Ngaphambi abafundi ifakwa imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ezidinga ukuzikhandla ngokwengqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izingane sifunde ukusingatha amathuluzi ukucubungula ezisetshenziswa.

Ngesikhatsi setifundvo esikolweni, abafundi bafunde ulwazi kungenzeka inhlanganisela ezahlukene izindlela yokukhuluma, elisetshenziswa design kwezobuciko.

Akhuthaza ukwakheka of ukucabanga ngekwendzawo wengane, kanye lesifanele kombala. Abafundi ukuthola ulwazi ubunjiniyela nje kuphela kodwa futhi wakha ulwazi kwengoma. Konke lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ubuhle bomhlaba.

Ezemidlalo Art design kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukudala izinto ezintsha ngezinye izikhathi wenza ngaphansi ezitholwe sathishela. Thishela ukhombisa izingane imininingwane kwesakhiwo kuphela futhi ubonisa izindlela eziyisisekelo womshini yabo. Ngemva kwalokho abafundi ukukopisha umfundisi senzo.

Ukwakhiwa ingaphinda olwenziwa phezu analogs. Kulokhu, izingane ukudala izinto ngaphansi kokuqondisa ngqo uthisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuphakanyiswa okwenza isakhiwo self-efanayo.

Yakha into futhi kungenziwa abalingisa. Ngakho, abafundi kudingeka sihlaziye design isiqediwe futhi ngokuzimela ukucacisa inombolo kanye ukuma izingxenye ezifanele, kanye nokulandelana kwenhlangano yabo. La makilasi ukuvumela izingane ukuthola ukuzimela emsebenzini yokusesha.
umklamo yobuciko izifundo, udala isihloko ipulani sakhe siqu, ngokuvumelana nemibandela ebekiwe, noma iqembu labantu 2-4.