Indlela yokusebenzisa i-multimeter ukuba "dummies"? Indlela ikhale izintambo multimeter

Imitha kuyinto ithuluzi sokulinganisa ugesi, kuyafana ububanzi ukunquma ibanga, isikhathi, noma timer ngoba isisindo ibhalansi. umehluko yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi multi-functional, okusho ungakwazi ukukala sobukhulu ezahlukene. multimeters Iningi inkinobho esikuvumela ukhethe ukuthi yini wena okudingeka ukukala.

Lokho alinganise kudivayisi?

Multimeters uyakwazi ukulinganisa zamanje, impedance kanye voltage, nokulawula wesifunda embili ngokusebenzisa isignali uma kwenzeka ukuthi izinto ezimbili kagesi axhunyiwe. Lokhu kuwusizo, isibonelo, uma ufaka Izintambo zikagesi ezisobala kanye ezimazombe noma nokunamathisela ngomthofu izintambo. A ibhiphu ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlobana okukhona, futhi lutho inqanyuliwe. Ungasebenzisa futhi idivayisi ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi uxhumano kagesi phakathi babashayeli ezimbili engekho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba short circuit.

Multimeter bangahlola diodes. Bafana eyodwa valve, a wamanje uphasile isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. abakhiqizi ezahlukene kokusebenza zingahluka. Lapho ukusebenza diodes uma ayiqinisekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi likhona iketango noma isimo zalo ezinhle, kungenzeka ukuhlolwa Uyokwamukelwa kakhulu. Uma multimeter umhloli has isici ukuthola okusebenza kahle indlela, kufanele ufunde imiyalelo.

kumadivayisi angeziwe ezibizayo kungaba, isibonelo, ukuhlola kanye ukukala ukusebenza izici capacitors futhi transistors.

ngobakhamuzi Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka

Ulwazi kanjani ukusebenzisa multimeter ukuba "dummies". Ukumelana, voltage, wamanje - nemingcele lingalinganiswa amayunithi kwezimpawu okhethiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ibanga obonakaliswe amamitha noma uphawu m in electronics ke .:

1. Uhlobo siveza amandla nge-electron ayaduduleka ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge. Inani Greater okulingana isicelo force ngaphezulu. Ayephila e volts (V).
2. Amandla lwamanje wezwakalisa njengoba electron ezihambayo ngokusebenzisa wesifunda. Inani elikhulu uhambelana ukusetshenziswa enkulu kagesi. amperes elinganisiwe (A).
3. Ukumelana eveza indlela electron kanzima ukuba adabule okuthile. Ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi nzima ukudlula zamanje. Ubonakaliswa ohms (Ω, omega).

Uphawu olukhombisa iyunithi lihlukile okuguquguqukayo ezothando. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho Ohm sika sivezwe njengoba:

• U = IR, lapho mina - zamanje, U - voltage R - ukumelana.

Volt, Ampere futhi Ohm ezikhonjiswe V, A, Ω.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusebenzisa multimeter ngokuba "Dummies" zizoba usizo ukuze usize endaweni Isifaniso elula. ukunyakaza yamanje efanayo yamanzi ipayipi. Iningi kuba ukusetshenziswa zamanje. Ingcindezi kudala amanzi ezinyakazayo, - zinamandla; ingcindezi ephakeme namandla "odlulela" amanzi, okwandisa zamanje. Ukumelana - njengenhlangano isithiyo ipayipi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngepayipi, doti avimbekile, amanzi agobhoze nobunzima. ukumelana layo kuyoba kunangendlela ukuthi ipayipi, mahhala kusuka obstructions.

AC futhi DC

Omunye ulwazi kudingeka sifunde indlela ukusebenzisa multimeter. Ngoba "Dummies" kuyoba ukwazi ukuthi i-zamanje njalo ihamba siye ohlangothini olufanayo. umthombo wayo kungenzeka, isibonelo, ibhethri ezivamile. multimeters abahlukahlukene ehlukile selisho DC voltage zamanje. Ngokuvamile, lokhu DCV kanye DCA, noma umugqa oqondile phezu V futhi A.

Kushintshana zamanje kushintsha isiqondiso izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana. Ngo inethiwekhi ekhaya, livela izikhathi 50 (e-US - izikhathi 60 ngomzuzwana). Ngo multimeters ezahlukene AC voltage zamanje kuboniswe ngokuhlukile. Ngokuvamile, ACV futhi ACA noma umugqa mihlobiso (~) eduze noma ngaphezulu V futhi A.

uxhumano kuqondane and chungechunge

Uma usebenzisa multimeter kuyadingeka ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa yokuxhumana kwawo, ukuthi kuncike ukuthi ufuna ukuchaza. I-serial wesifunda yamanje egeleza ngokusebenzisa ngamunye, element yayo efanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandelana kudingeke ukuba uxhume kudivayisi ukukala ke. Ngo wesifunda okufanayo, element ngayinye has voltage efanayo. Ngakho-ke, imitha yayo nesilinganiso Kumele uxhumeke ngokulinganisa.

Yini ukuthini imifuziselo ngezihluthu panel?

Omunye ulwazi odinga ukukwazi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa multimeter. Ngoba "Dummies" kuyoba nzima ukuba nixazulule sebuningini izimpawu on the front panel, ikakhulukazi uma azikho mibhalo. Ungakhathazeki. Basuke emelelwa amayunithi V, A, Ω.

Iningi multimeters imethrikhi isebenzisa isiqalo ukuthi baziphathe maqondana amayunithi amandla nesilinganiso kanye ibanga kanye emhlabathini. Imitha, isibonelo, - iyunithi ibanga ikhilomitha - 1000 m, milimitha -. 1/1000 m Kungokufanayo khilogremu, angu amagremu isisindo. Okuvame kakhulu ticalo imethrikhi elisetshenziswa multimeters:

• μ (micro) = 10 ^-6;
• m (milli) = 10 ^-3;
• k (ikhilo) = 10 ^3,
• M (mega) = ¹⁰ Juni.

Lezi ticalo imethrikhi asetshenziselwa Amps, volts futhi ohms. Ngokwesibonelo, 200kΩ - kiloomah ezingamakhulu amabili, okuhambelana 200 000 ohms.

Ukubeka imingcele

Ezinye multimeters kuyalungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, abanye zidinga ukufakwa inhlukano senhlobo wokulinganisa. Kulo mBhalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ukhethe ibanga kancane mkhulu kunenani elilindelekile. Kubukeka sengathi ngumbusi ithephu. Uma ufuna ukukala into cm 60 ubude, emgqeni 50-isentimitha lifushane kakhulu, futhi kufanele usebenzise ithephu.

Kuyefana nasendleleni le multimeter. Ake sithi ufuna ukukala voltage ibhethri AA, ukubaluleka, okulindeleke ukuba 1.5 V Zikhona ongakhetha 200 mV, 2 V, 20 V, 200 V, 600 V, 200 mV lilincane kakhulu, udinga ukukhetha inani elilandelayo ephakeme ka 2 V Ngisho enkulu ongakhetha makhulu kakhulu, abalithandayo uzoholela ekutheni ukulahlekelwa ukunemba (lokhu ukusebenzisa imitha-5 wokulinganisa tape isentimitha ukwahlukana ngaphandle milimitha).

Yini benze nezinye izinhlamvu?

Amagama alandelayo avame ukusetshenziswa ekulinganiseni amadivayisi:

1. umugqa Wavy. Kutholwe emhlabeni izimpawu V, A kanye ticalo imethrikhi. Lisho measurand onhlobonhlobo.
2. Umugqa okuqinile, emideni emaqatjhazi. Luseduze noma ngenhla V noma A no-B lisho voltage njalo noma yamanje.
3. Uchungechunge lwesikhathi ngokulinganisa. Ukuhlolelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi we uxhumano kagesi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ezwakala izintambo multimeter kuchaziwe ngezansi.
4. AC DC. Imisho ingase isetshenziswe esikhundleni igama esifushanisiwe ka kushintshana (AC) kanye DC (DC) zamanje.
5. Triangle nge emigqeni lukhulu kulo. It isetshenziswa ukuvivinya diodes.

Izinketho Ukukhetha

Yini okufanele ibe multimeter ezinhle? Impendulo kusuka kubasebenzisi ukuvumela ukwaba izici zayo elandelayo lapho ukunakekelwa okufanele ikhokhwe kwasekuqaleni:

• izintambo akumelwe ngiwunqamule emva ukusetshenziswa ezimbalwa;
• ukutholakala othomathikhi livaleke-off;
• lula indawo izinkinobho nezixhumi;
• Ukukhetha othomathikhi senhlobo wokulinganisa;
• usayizi eyanele LCD screen;
• ekilasini ukunemba;
• ekulinganiseni amabanga.

Multimeter: indlela ukuxhuma izintambo

Ukulinganisa amadivayisi ithengiswe ne izintambo ezimnyama kuya iphenya. Omunye ekupheleni kwabo ixhunywe multimeter, uphenyo isetshenziswa ukuvivinya circuit. Red wanquma ukusebenzisa isigwebo probe emihle kanye omnyama - amanani ezimbi.

Nakuba izintambo 2 kuphela, izindawo ukuxhuma kubo kakhudlwana, okungase kubangele ukudideka. Indlela ukuxhuma izintambo incike into yokukala kanye imodeli, ngakho ukuze athole ukucaciseleka kufanele ubheke umhlahlandlela umsebenzisi.

multimeters Iningi bavikelwe fuse ezinkulu zamanje okuyinto liyancibilika futhi ephula wesifunda. Lokhu kuzovimba ukwehluleka kudivayisi.

Uma iphenya unamathisele kungxenye noma ingxenye wesifunda, isibonisi digital ikhombisa yi. Inkinobho usetha voltage, current noma ukumelana, senqabela izilinganiso.

Ukunqunywa ubuqotho kwakwakhe

Indlela ikhale izintambo multimeter? Ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Faka wire obomvu jack Ω, futhi omnyama - ku COM;
• setha ukushintshela ku umsindo isignali uphawu ngesimo lwesikhathi parallel;
• ukuxhuma iphenya amaphuzu ukuhlolwa;
• idivayisi ngeke ibhiphu uma ukuhlobana iphenya ezimbili ezikhona (m. e. ukumelana eduze ngokufaka uziro), uzothula e ukungezwakali kwawo.

Multimeter: Umsebenzisi ukumelana nesilinganiso

Inkinga nge resistors wukuthi abakhiqizi ufuna abasebenzisi ukukhumbula umbala okuyinto okubhalwe ngezici zabo. Nakhu ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter ukucacisa ukumelana:

• Faka obomvu test asihole Ω, futhi omnyama - ku COM;
• ukuxhuma imikhondo nge contact ukumelana;
• ukhetha oyifunayo nesilinganiso umkhawulo;
• ukufunda ukubaluleka.

Uma inkomba yakho izobonisa 1, umkhawulo liphansi kakhulu. Kufanele usethe ukushintshela ku-value ephakeme kuze kuze kube ukufunda lesifanele. Uma ukubaluleka iseduze zero ke umkhawulo liphezulu kakhulu. Kumele encishisiwe ukukhiqiza ubufakazi bangempela. Uma ukubaluleka namanje 0 lapho kugcwala isilinganiso ephansi, ukumelana elinganisiwe zero.

Ukunqunywa ukucindezeleka

Ukulinganisa DC voltage kumele kube:

• ukufaka phambili elibomvu phakathi V, kanye black - ku COM;
• ukuxhuma probe obomvu uhlangothi oluhle ibhethri noma izifunda, kanye black - nge angemahle noma phansi;
• nomkhawulo inkinobho isethwe isikhundla wokulinganisa DC voltage senhlobo olulindelekile;
• ukubala ukufundwa.

On iyunithi eduze nezinyawo ukuze ucacise esiphezulu voltage wamanje kanye. multimeter wesifunda seyonakele Uma lezi zimiso.

Ukuze sithole voltage kushintshana, kubalulekile ukukhetha umkhawulo ezifanele. Kulesi inqubo ekhuthaza we iphenya ayibalulekile.

nesilinganiso zamanje

• Faka black wire COM esigungwini.
• Faka bentambo obomvu embotsheni elihambisana ehlosiwe wokulinganisa ububanzi. Multimeter 832, isibonelo, has nezixhumi ngoba imisinga 200 ma futhi 20 A.
• Setha umkhawulo ukushintsha DC nesilinganiso ibanga ohlosiwe.
• KUFUNDZA.

Kufanele athobele izimfuneko nokukhawulela wamanje ihlolwe eziboniswe yomculo. Kungenjalo ukusebenza fuse uma isethiwe elinikeziwe wokulinganisa ububanzi multimeter noma wesifunda kungenzeka lilimele.