Injongo yokuthuthuka futhi Sikhungo

Inkinga yizenzo zabantu okunenjongo akakwazi ngokuthi omusha. umsebenzi ngamunye kumele kwenziwe ukuthola yi ezithile. Umgomo - isici ukuthi inquma nemvelo futhi indlela imisebenzi, izindlela kanye esebenzisa ukuwufinyelela. Njengoba ifomu eyinhloko yomsebenzi nokufundisa umusa sifundo. yi Ezazimzungezile - element uhlelo. Ekusebenteni, lwenteke ezahlukene sifundo Izinjongo: imfundo, ezemfundo, ezemfundo. Ake sihlole kubo.

izici Jikelele

Mithathu injongo amakilasi kuwumphumela uthisha pre-zahlelwa. Kufanele kufinyelelwa, futhi bona, nezingane zabo. I Inkulumo esemqoka lapha ithi "ezintathu enamazinyo". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi didactically ihlukaniswe 3 sifundo Izinjongo - asathuthuka, bayafundisa, kungukuthi izuzwe ngamunye noma ngezigaba. Phezu kokuthola yi kuhlelwe bahlakulela kanyekanye. umsebenzi wathishela kufundzisa kahle lokwakha ezivamile injongo kanye nomklamo amathuluzi yokulithola.

isici engqondweni yethu

Zonke izimpokophelo sifundo - ezemfundo, zentuthuko, ezemfundo - ziyafezeka ngobunye eduze. impumelelo yabo kudinga ukuqaliswa imithetho ethile. Ekuqaliseni izici engqondweni yethu yomsebenzi thishela kumele ente loku:

1. Fundisa ingane ngokuzimela kukhishwe ulwazi (ulwazi). Ukuze wenze lokhu, thishela kumele abe nokuqeqeshwa okwenele methodological futhi akwazi ukwenza elinye nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi izingane.
2. Ukuhlinzeka kujula, emandla, lobubhalo, ukushintsha-shintsha, njalo, ukuphelela nokuqaphela ulwazi.
3. Nyusa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Izingane kufanele athuthukise olunembile, ayinamaphutsa, ukuthi ngenxa phinda alethwe automatism.
4. Nyusa kumiswa amakhono. Ziyakwazi iqoqo amakhono nolwazi ukuqinisekisa eyiyo imisebenzi.
5. Foster nadpredmetnyh, amakghono core. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, lwamakhono, ulwazi, orientation semantic, isipiliyoni, amakhono ezingane maqondana ibanga elithile lezinto engokoqobo.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

) зачастую ставятся в самом общем виде. Isifundo Izinhloso (ezemfundo, zentuthuko, ezemfundo) bavame afakwe imigomo jikelele kunazo. Ake sithi, "ufunde imithetho", "uyowuthola umqondo wokuthi umthetho" nokunye. Kuthiwa e ukwakhiwa okunjalo sivezwe ezingaphezu kuka igoli uthisha. Ngu ekupheleni umsebenzi kunzima ngempela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke abantwana sebefikile kuzuzwe imiphumela enjalo. Kule ndaba, kuhle ukuba acabangele umbono uthisha Palamarchuk. Ukholelwa ukuthi kufanele ngokukhethekile abonisa izinga namakhono, ulwazi, kanye namakhono, okuyinto ezihlongozwayo ukufeza ukuhlelwa izici engqondweni yethu yomsebenzi. Angaba yokudala, ezakhayo, zokuzala.

injongo Sikhungo nemfundo esifundweni

Lezi zici ezibhekwa kube nzima kakhulu uthisha. Lapho ihlela ukuba kube uthisha cishe njalo sibhekene nobunzima. Loku kubangelwa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala uthisha ngokuvamile sifuna ukuhlela umgomo omusha yentuthuko isifundo ngasinye, sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa ishesha kakhulu. Ukuthola uzibuse kumiswa ubuntu lilinganiselwe kakhulu. It isetjenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa inhlangano efanele lwemfundo noqeqesho. Ngakho kusukela kulesi siphetho. Ukuthuthukisa umgomo kungaba washayelwa ukuthi eziningi izifundo, Obonisa isihloko wonke noma ingxenye. Imbangela yale nobunzima yesibili yokuntula ulwazi nguthishela izindawo Pedagogical nezingokwengqondo ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile isakhiwo yomuntu nalabo zezici zawo ukuthi kudingeka ukuba ngcono. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlobene:

1. Inkulumo.
2. Ukucabanga.
3. sphere Ukudideka.
4. Motor umsebenzi.

inkulumo

Ukuthuthukiswa Its kuhilela kubulawa imisebenzi ku kushuba kwandzisa silulumagama, takhi semantic izici ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana ukusebenza. Izingane Kufanele ube ngumnikazi izindlela ekhululekile futhi izithombe kwezobuciko. Umfundzisi kufanele njalo ukhumbule ukuthi Ukukhula yokukhuluma kuyinto inkomba yentuthuko jikelele ubuhlakani ingane.

ukucabanga

Esikhathini kohlaka zokufinyelela lowo mgomo ukuhlakulela uthisha ngesikhathi umsebenzi kudala futhi ubangela ngcono amakhono esinengqondo:

1. Hlaziya.
2. Thola into ebaluleke kakhulu.
3. Qhathanisa.
4. Yakha Isifaniso.
5. Ukuze Yenza futhi nokumisa.
6. Ukuphikisa futhi afakazele.
7. Tfola ubuye ucacise imiqondo.
8. Kwakha ukuxazulula inkinga yakhe.

Ngayinye yalezi amakhono has a isakhiwo ethile, izindlela kanye nokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha usetha umgomo zentuthuko ifomu amakhono kuqhathaniswa. Phakathi 3-4 izifundo kufanele wadala ezifana imisebenzi yokucabanga, lapho izingane ukuchaza izinto ukuqhathanisa, ukugqamisa izici ezibalulekile zomsebenzi kanye Ngokuqhathanisa, setha umehluko futhi ukufana. amakhono Ukuzijayeza ekugcineni ukunikeza ukuthuthukiswa ikhono ukuqhathanisa. I owaziwa sokusebenza kwengqondo Kostyuk, emsebenzini Pedagogical kuyadingeka ukunquma target eliseduze. It lisikisela ukuthi izingane zithole ilwazi elithile namakghono. Kubalulekile futhi ukubona futhi umphumela eside. Yena, eqinisweni, itholakala ukuthuthukiswa abafundi.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Kumiswa sphere sezinzwa ehambisana ne-orientation ukuthuthukiswa ensimini ngesikhathi, i ukulinganisa iso, ubuhlakani kanye ngokunemba imibala esiwuphawu, izithunzi, ukukhanya. Izingane futhi zithuthukise ikhono ukuhlukanisa shades yokukhuluma, imisindo, bobunjwa. Ngokuphathelene motor izindawo, ukuthuthukiswa yayo kuhilela ukulawulwa umsebenzi kwemisipha. Umphumela kulokhu kumiswa ikhono lokulawula ukunyakaza kwabo.

imigomo Ihlangano, sifundo Izinjongo

Ngaphambi sikhuluma nabo, kubalulekile ukuba adonsele ukunakekela liphuzu lelibalulekile. Ngempela ukuqeqeshwa asathuthuka njalo ukuveza. Lapha kuba zwi ezifanele ukuthi afundise futhi ukufundisa - kunjani "umbani" ku jacket. izinhlangothi ezimbili some kanyekanye futhi ngokuqinile uvala ukunyakaza - umcabango yokudala. Ukuthi esiqakathekileko. Uma ngokuhamba ukufunda thishela njalo edonsa izingane ulwazi esebenzayo, kubasiza ukuba ngokuzimela uxazulule izinkinga, yakha amakhono umsebenzi alapho kukhona hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi imfundo. Isifundo kukuvumela nomthelela ekwakhekeni ezihlukahlukene izimfanelo siqu ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, izindlela kanye namafomu. предполагает формирование правильного отношения к общепринятым ценностям, нравственных, экологических, трудовых, эстетических качеств индивида. Umgomo wokufundisa esifundweni kuhilela kumiswa akubone ngombono ofanele ukuba izindinganiso ezazivamile, zokuziphatha, kwemvelo, ukusebenza, ubuhle yomuntu.

ngokucacile

Phakathi amakilasi kwakhiwa umugqa esiqondile nomthelela ekuziphatheni zezingane. Lokhu kwakha simiso ubudlelwano phakathi omdala futhi ingane. предполагает формирование запланированных реакций детей на явления окружающей жизни. Bee-idla uthi inhloso wokufundisa esifundweni kuhilela kumiswa ukusabela izingane kuhlelwe sika ezenzakalweni ezizungeze ukuphila. ubudlelwane Circle kunalokho ububanzi. Lokhu kubangela isikali kwenjongo zemfundo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubuhlobo kuwukuthi ngempela ephathekayo. . Kusukela ekilasini ekilasini uthisha ubeke umgomo owodwa, emibili, emithathu nenye nokunye. D. Isifundo zemfundo. Ukuba nobuhlobo - akuyona into yesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kudinga kwenkathi ethile. Ngakho, ukunaka likathisha ukuze imigomo yakho yemfundo futhi Izinjongo kufanele kube njalo.

izinto

Isifundo umfundi asabela ngayo:

1. Nabanye abantu. Zonke izimfanelo ngawo kwakuveza isimo sengqondo kwabanye, kufanele abunjwe nethuthukisiwe uthisha kungakhathaliseki izakhiwo isihloko. Indlela Abasabela Ngayo "abanye abantu" waveza ngokuya nangesizotha, umusa, ubungani, ukwethembeka. Humanity imele umqondo ebalulekile kuwo wonke izimfanelo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we uthisha ubhekwa kumiswa ekusebenzisaneni ngenhlonipho.
2. Nabanye. Isimo mayelana ngokwakhe wezwakalisa ukuthi izimfanelo wokuziqhenya, ukuthobeka, umthwalo, okukhulu, isiyalo futhi ukunemba. Ikhonza njengabameleli kuwukubonakaliswa sangaphandle ubudlelwane zokuziphatha linqoba ngaphakathi.
3. Nge umphakathi kanye ngokuhlanganyela. Isimo wengane kubo sivezwe kula komuzwa wesibopho, ukukhuthala, umthwalo, ukubekezelelana, ikhono ukuzwelana. Kulezi zimfanelo Usabela evelele nabo. Ngokusebenzisa inhlonipho impahla esikoleni, ukutholakala, umuzwa wobulungisa uzwakalise ukuqaphela wayezibona lomphakathi.
4. Njengoba ukuhamba komsebenzi. Isilinganiso kwezingane silitjengisa izimfanelo ezifana umthwalo ekwenzeni imisebenzi, isiyalo, isiyalo.
5. Nge lawobaba. Isilinganiso njengezitha zezwe lokhokho kubonakala ngokusebenzisa ubunikazi izinkinga zawo, banomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu kanye nobuqotho.

izincomo

Ukuthola incazelo izimpokophelo sifundo, uthisha:

1. Uhlola nezidingo zomshini amakhono nolwazi, isofthiwe ukusebenza.
2. Inquma izindlela ukuthi kufanele yingcweti umfundi.
3. Ubeka ukubaluleka izinhlelo ezinomthelela ukuqinisekisa isithakazelo somuntu siqu ingane ngenxa yalokho.

imithetho Jikelele

Kwakha imigomo ikuvumela ukuba ahlele umsebenzi izingane ifomu wokugcina. Inikeza neziqondiso zemininingwane kubo. Umgomo kumelwe kube sobala. Ngenxa yalesi uthisha lungacacisa Yiqiniso imisebenzi esizayo kanye nezinga nokwenziwa kolwazi. Kukhona izigaba eziningana:

1. Ukumelwa.
2. Ulwazi.
3. Amakhono.
4. Ukudala.

Thishela kumele bahlanganise imigomo ukufeza okuyinto waqinisekisa. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuhlola imiphumela. Uma kudingekile, target amaqembu abafundi ababuthakathaka kumele ilungiswe.

izidingo

Izinjongo kufanele kube:

1. kuchazwa ngokucacile.
2. Okufanele.
3. Efinyelelekayo.
4. Angase aqinisekiswe.
5. Specific.

yi waveza kahle bomsebenzi ngesinye sezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu kuphela, kodwa amakhono Pedagogical. It unikezela ngohlaka lokwenza ukuziphatha ephumelelayo amakilasi. Uma imigomo kungukuthi washayelwa noma zingabantu usongene, wonke simo kwesifundo yakhiwe ngaphandle umphumela okunengqondo. Umumo Irregular umphumela we isisho zimi kanje:

1. Hlola isihloko "...".
2. Sandise khathizwe kwezingane.
3. Bajulise ulwazi lwabo ngesihloko esithi "...".

Lezi imigomo engacacile unverifiable. Azikho nenqubo ukuyifinyelela ngayo. Ekilasini uthisha uyaqaphela injongo ekathathu - izitimela, efundisa futhi eba ingane. Ngakho, ekwenzeni umphumela wokugcina, ke wenza umsebenzi methodical.

izinkomba didactic

Amazinga GEF-echaziwe nokwenziwa ulwazi izingane. Ingxenye impahla kumele abe khona njengoba ukujwayelaniswa uthisha. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa kumiswa izethulo izingane ngezenzakalo, amaqiniso. Lokhu lizinga lekuphumelela ubhekwa ngowokuqala. Izinjongo Didactic kukwazi ukwakhiwa ngendlela elandelayo:

1. Qinisekisa izingane bajwayelane izindlela yokuzimisela ....
2. Nyusa ukumuncwa welithi "...".
3. Ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka ukumelwa izingane ....
4. Ukutlama amakhono ....

Eyesibili ezingeni - esiteji asebenzisa ulwazi. Amatshe kungaba kuqukathe ekuhlinzekeni:

1. Recognition ngesikhathi ukwesekwa zangaphandle ....
2. Ukudlala imodeli / algorithm ezihlongozwayo ....

Ekuthatheni imiphumela ezingeni lesibili ingasetshenziswa tento like "luhlaka", "bhala", "ukuvikela i", "ukumemezela", "Ukulungisa", njll Isinyathelo esilandelayo -. Ukudalwa namakhono. Abafundi benze izenzo, njengoba umthetho, ngaphakathi kohlaka umsebenti lowentiwako. Njengoba imigomo kungaba:

1. Ukulungiselela kahle amasu ....
2. Isifiso ukuthuthukisa amakhono ukusebenza ....
3. Ukuqinisekisa systematization futhi nje okungaqondile kokwaziswa "...".

Kulelizinga ungasebenzisa isenzo "ukwaba", "ukwenza", "ukusebenzisa ulwazi."

Ukunikeza ulwazi etholakale amakhono ukusebenzisa

Ukuze sibonise indlela lesi umgomo zemfundo. . Izingane kufanele bakwazi ahlaziye, ahlolisise, qhathanisa, ukukhomba main, inkumbulo, njll Izinjongo kungaba ukudala izimo:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga. Thishela kusiza kumiswa amakhono ngokuhlaziya, kuhlelembisa, Kuhlanganisa, Ekuthathweni nokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokunye.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa izakhi lokusungula. Lwenza isimo lapho ngcono ngekwendzawo umcabango, umuzwa, ukuhlakanipha.
3. ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni.
4. Ekubumbeni futhi ekuthuthukiseni amakhono yokubhala nekukhuluma.
5. ukuthuthukiswa inkumbulo.
6. Ukuthuthukisa ezibucayi ukucabanga amakhono ukuze bahlanganyele inkhulumomphendvulwano.
7. Ukuthuthukiswa zokunambitha kwezobuciko nemibono yobuhle.
8. Ukwenzangcono ukucabanga okunengqondo. Lokhu kufezwa ngesisekelo inkositini isixhumanisi esiyimbangela, le Luhlatiyo.
9. Kutfutfukiswa isiko ucwaningo. Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokusebenzisa izindlela zesayensi (ucwaningo, okubonwayo, imicabango).
10. Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokwakha izinkinga futhi benze isiphakamiso okukhethwa kukho izixazululo zabo.

Imiphumela zokuziphatha

предполагает формирование лучших качеств в ребенке. Umgomo wokufundisa esifundweni kuhilela ukwakheka izimfanelo best ingane. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba ikilasi ngalinye kumele ihlelelwe imiphumela. , как выше было сказано, не должны зависеть от предмета. izinjongo Izibonelo sifundo zemfundo njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, akumele ancike isihloko. Nokho, ekusebenziseni letsite ezicacisiwe kusiza ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Amatshe kungaba:

1. Ukufunda ukulalela abanye.
2. Ezemfundo ilukuluku, isimo sengqondo zokuziphatha futhi ngenxa yobuhle ngokoqobo. Lo mphumela ingatholakala, ngokukhethekile, ngesikhatsi Uhambo, izinkulumo kanye nokunye.
3. Ukwakhiwa wozwela ukwehluleka ngokweqiniso futhi sithokozele impumelelo akanye nalo.
4. Ezemfundo lokuzethemba, isidingo yilo ezingaba khona.
5. Ukufunda ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe.

могут состоять в формировании уважения к Отечеству. Izinjongo Sikhungo kwesifundo yomlando kungase kuhilele kwetinhlavu inhlonipho wobaba. Ngaphansi kohlaka uthisha kuncike wethula izingane izenzakalo ezenzeka kuleli zwe, ukugqamisa labo noma ezinye izimfanelo zabantu. Indlela kulesi sici iyona inkathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. также могут состоять в привитии уважения к Родине. Izinjongo Sikhungo ka Yisifundo isiRashiya kungabuye sifake inhlonipho lokhokho. Nokho, ngo kohlaka isihloko into eyayenziwa kakhulu isidingo bahlakulele isimo sengqondo esifanele ukuze umbuzo. связаны и с формированием умений вести диалог, прислушиваться к собеседнику. Izinjongo Sikhungo ka Yisifundo isiRashiya elihlobene ne kumiswa nemakhono bahlanganyele inkhulumomphendvulwano, ukulalela interlocutor. Izingane kufanele silwele ukungabheki ukungafani azithibe ezitatimendeni.

Kungashiwo okufanayo ngokuthi Izinjongo wokufundisa isifundo izincwadi. Esikhathini kohlaka ngale ndaba igxila kakhulu Luhlatiyo ukuziphatha izinhlamvu ezithile, Ekuthathweni ukuhlolwa yabo nezenzo zabo. предполагают формирование таких качеств, как сосредоточенность, усидчивость, ответственность за результат. Izinjongo Sikhungo kwesifundo wezibalo ukuphakamisa kumiswa izimfanelo ezifana okuhlushwa, ukuphikelela, umthwalo umphumela. Eqenjini amakhono umsebenzi ngcono izingane nihlanganyele. Ikakhulukazi, sikhonjiswa usebenzisa amafomu umdlalo ukuqeqeshwa. предполагает привитие детям понимания разницы между виртуальным и реальным миром. Umgomo wokufundisa isifundo informatics kuhilela ukugxilisa ezinganeni ukuqonda umehluko phakathi virtual futhi emhlabeni wangempela. Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukuntuleka langempela umthwalo kunethiwekhi akusho ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuba alalele kwezinkambiso kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi bamukeleke umphakathi.

ориентированы на привитие уважения к другой культуре. imigomo Sikhungo izifundo English igxile wokugxilisa inhlonipho elinye isiko. Ngo ukutadisha izici zokuxhumana kwelinye izwe izingane ukwakha umbono mayelana sengqondo, izindinganiso zokuziphatha, izimiso zokuhle yamukelwa ke. Lokhu singaba usizo kabi esikhathini esizayo.