Inhlanzi Ray-finned - zilwane, izici jikelele, isakhiwo izinhlanzi bony

izinhlanzi Ray-finned bangabohlobo ekilasini sihlanganise indawo ebanzi kakhulu, okubandakanya cishe 95% azo zonke izakhamuzi ezaziwayo okwamanje we imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nasolwandle. Nweba lesi sigaba kuzo zonke amanzi Earth futhi igatsha ahlukene superclass bony izinhlanzi.

izinhlanzi Ray-finned (actinopterygii) lethiwa igama lesiGreki nezilimi Latin. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - ". Ipeni" "uvumelanise" bese Leli gama lihlobene isakhiwo amaphiko.

kwemvelo

Njengoba zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle nasemanzini agelezayo nozakwabo uhlolisisa, njalo lapho kuvubukulwa kule ndawo iyathakazelisa ososayensi. Kusukela kwatholakala ukuthi Iminyaka le wezinsalela zamandulo skeleton endala zezinhlanzi ray-finned angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-420.. Ngokusho isakhiwo sinqume ukuthi kwaba nomzingeli okuqondene paleoniskoobraznyh oda. Imiphumela efanayo eyatholwa yonkana ensimini ka-Russia, e-Estonia futhi Sweden.

I uyathola ezibalulekile alandelayo ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-million. Ezingaphezu kuka-200 Iminyaka. Lawa kwakungamadodana amathambo neyezinhlanzi lokuqala bony, okuye aba okhokho baso inqwaba zinhlobo, kamuva ngokuthi izinhlanzi ray-finned. Ukuvela inqwaba izinhlobo ukushintshashintsha wachaza iqiniso lokuthi baphoqeleka ukuba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene kanye namazinga ahlukene emisebeni yelanga ngokuhamba ukuvela izinhlanzi. Kwakukhona amaqembu ahlobene ukuthi baye baphoqeleka lokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kancane kancane emhlabeni ezungeze.

ngezigaba eyinhloko

Ikilasi lonke "inhlanzi ray-finned" uhlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ahlukile:

• inhlanzi ganoid;
• inhlanzi novoperye.

inhlanzi Ganoid zihlanganisa 2 amaqembu yesimanje kanye 12 wezinsalela zamandulo. Novoperye izinhlanzi uphakathi kwabantu abangenalo leli abasebasha, kwezinhlobo eziningi eziningi zazo - bony izinhlanzi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bakuphi abameleli isigaba, sihluke kakhulu ababukeka isakhiwo.

Ray-finned izinhlanzi. izici Jikelele ganoid izinhlanzi iqembu

Iqembu lokuqala, ganoid izinhlanzi ray-finned, siqukethe amayunithi ezine kuphela. Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu futhi kusakazeke wabo - Sturgeon. Isakhiwo bale oda bakudala, baye cishe amathambo awo wonke umzimba yakhiwa uqwanga, lapho azikho amathambo ngabanye. Umzimba ahlelwe imigqa 5 okwedayimane ithambo ipuleti.

Chondrostei zihluke cartilaginous izinhlanzi ezimise skull amathambo, amathayi gill futhi khona esinyeni bhukuda. Ngu Sturgeon chondrostei ezinye commercial izinhlanzi eyigugu ray-finned, abameleli - Sturgeon, Sturgeon, Beluga nabanye.

Sakhiwo iqembu izinhlanzi bony

Iqembu lesibili eziphambili kakhulu. bony izinhlanzi umzimba embozwe nomzimba omncane, waphetha amapuleti bony, okuyinto eyaziwa ngokuthi izikali. izikali Kwahlelwa ngesisekelo ezimise okwama-tile. Ziyakwazi akachazeki ukukhula izindandatho, okungase anqume yobudala yomuntu.

Skeleton elingenamikhono yangaphandle siqukethe amathambo ngabanye ossified, ezixhunywe ngu nemisipha ezivumela ukugoba umzimba, neyezinhlanzi. Ngasinye ingxenye yomgogodla kuka ingxenye cylindrical ine arc nge inqubo spinous. Ukuqokwa nemengamo engenhla amathambo - ukudalwa isiteshi ukuvikela emgogodleni. Phansi kusuka izinqubo transverse of amathambo baqondiswa, lapho inamathelisiwe ubambo amathambo.

Ray-finned izinhlanzi bony eqembu abe skull eyakheke kahle, ehlanganisa inqwaba amathambo. Ubuchopho ivikelwe bone ibhokisi. Nge Skull amathambo yomgogodla is fixedly oluhambisana.

uhlelo zemisipha ezakhiwe skeleton kanye nemisipha, okuyiyona efuqa amaphiko opercula, emhlathini. Ray-finned izinhlanzi hambisa edabula isifunda caudal nge fin ezinkulu. Ukuzinza kanye linearity lapho umuntfu ashayela inikeza amaphiko ayibhangqiwe. A amaphiko abhanqiwe uphucwe ukuma lesifanele emanzini futhi sikhonze njengoFakazi okuyiqondisa ngokushintshana.

zinhlobo ukwehluka

zinhlobo Amachibi ray-finned futhi eziningi izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezihlanganiswe class elilodwa kuphela, babe namasayizi ahlukahlukeneko kanye nokubukeka. Umehluko ngobukhulu ezisukela 8 mm kuya ku-11 m. Abamele ngabanye esikhulile ingaba nesisindo 2235 kg, kuba inhlanzi-inyanga, okuyinto wabanjwa ngo-1908 kule ndawo eSydney.

Ngu izinhlanzi ray-finned kukhona zonke izinhlobo herring, eziningi Salmoniformes inhlanzi, angenasawoti futhi ulwandle eels, carp inhlanzi, eyikati, cod, stickleback, mullet futhi zonke izinhlobo perch futhi ulwe.

zinhlobo exotic

Ungenza uhlu olude izakhamuzi ezithakazelisayo angavamile kolwandle nekhaya okugcinwa ezijulile okuqondene nalesi sigaba. Ecwebezelayo futhi abaningi balaba kuba:

• inhlanzi murdzhan, amehlo omkhulu ukuthi ngokungefani umbala Pinkish esikalini;
• angel fish, kuhlobisa kolwandle ngemivimbo egqamile futhi jumpsuit ezinemibala ishq;
• ulwandle bass, umhlangano okungaba yingozi, ngoba into enobuthi e amaphiko;
• Seahorse, elikwaziyo ukuhlobisa aquarium;
• labeotropheus izinhlanzi achanyuselwa amaqanda emlonyeni;
• scalar, shot waduma ngo aquarium ukubukeka hhayi kuphela cute, kodwa futhi ngokuzinikela kwakhe ekunakekeleni abantu ambalwa.

A ezihlukahlukene amalungu alesi sigaba wabonakala ngenxa izinqubo kwemvelo. Kuze kube manje, iningi izinhlanzi atholakala emifuleni, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle iplanethi yethu, kodwa kunalokho 95% azo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona, libhekisela ray-finned. Yiqiniso, chaza wonke amalungu engenakwenzeka. amaningi kakhulu babo, kodwa mnandi ukufunda lesi sigaba ukwaziswa okwengeziwe futhi kabanzi ngayo. Akwaziwa ukuthi bonke abakhileyo ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle bayazazi abantu, mhlawumbe silindele izinto ezintsha kanye emizweni.