Inkondlo "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": umlando ekudalweni

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - omunye izimbongi kunabo bonke ekhulwini lama-20. Owesifazane ondodana ukuphikelela nokuzinikela bayahlonishwa eRussia. iziphathimandla zaseSoviet wathatha umyeni wakhe wokuqala bese indodana yakhe, izinkondlo zakhe zazingavunyelwe futhi nabezindaba ezifaneleke ukushushiswa wakhe. Kodwa akukho nomaye wahluleka ukuphula umoya wakhe. Ukuhlolwa ukuthi bawela isabelo sakhe owawusekelwe yakhe isebenza Akhmatova. "Requiem", indaba yokudalwa kanye nokuhlaziywa iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kulesi sihloko, kwakuwukuphela kwengoma dada imbongi.

Umqondo we-inkondlo

Esanduleleni le nkondlo Akhmatova wabhala ukuthi umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi umkhiqizo ezifana Wasevuka phakathi "Yezhov isikhathi", kwalokho wachitha emigqeni ejele, efuna umhlangano indodana yakhe. Uma sesizwile, futhi omunye wabo wabuza uma Akhmatova wakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kwakwenzekani emhlabeni. Poet uthe: "I can." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwazalwa umqondo senkondlo, ngokuvumelana Akhmatova yena.

"Requiem", indaba ukudalwa okuyinto lihlotshaniswa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule ngoba abantu isiRashiya, kokuba ehluphekile umlobi. Ngo-1935 waphinde waboshwa ngecala imisebenzi emelene ngempela namaSoviet indodana Anna Akhmatova futhi Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. Khona-ke u-Anne Andreevne wakwazi ngokushesha ukukhulula indodana yakhe ngokubhala incwadi ukuze Stalin mathupha. Kodwa ngo-1938, kulandelwa ukuboshwa kwesibili, ke Gumilev Jr. wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-10. Futhi ukuboshwa zokugcina, okwathi ngemva kwalokho enikwa isigwebo sokufa, sashintshelwa ozowasebenzisa kamuva kwenziwa ngo-1949. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva Lev Gumilyov ukuthi avuselelwa ngokugcwele, kanye amacala ukuba ubufakazi balokho.

Akhmatova inkondlo "Requiem" komculo zonke lezo kwemihelo elikhiphe lezi iminyaka abesabekayo imbongi. Kodwa akukhona nje inhlekelele ethile umndeni kubonakala umkhiqizo. It wazwakalisa usizi abo bonke abantu abahlupheka nalezo zikhathi ezibucayi.

Umugqa wokuqala

Uhlaka uvele 1934. Kodwa kwakungegazi umjikelezo lyrical, ukudalwa okuyinto ekuqaleni kuhlelwe futhi Akhmatova. "Requiem" (umlando ekudalweni okuyingqikithi yethu) kwaba inkondlo kamuva, ngo-1938-40, ngokulandelana. Kwaphela umsebenzi wayeseGibithe 50s.

Eminyakeni 60 inkondlo kwekhulu lama-20, eyanyatheliswa ngo-samizdat, lavuselelwa omkhulu futhi waphasiswa isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wawuvinjelwe. Okuningi oye wakhuthazela kwaze kwaba ukulondoloza inkondlo yakhe, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": umlando ekudalweni - emphakathini kokuqala

Ngo-1963, umbhalo inkondlo uthola phesheya. Lapha e Munich, umkhiqizo wokuqala eshicilelwe ngokusemthethweni. ebezizama ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe Russian bayakwazisa senkondlo, ukushicilelwa lezi zinkondlo uphakamise umbono ithalente olusankondlo Anny Andreevny. Nokho, umbhalo ogcwele "Requiem" kwakhululwa kuphela ngo-1987, lapho yanyatheliswa "Okthoba" magazini.

ukuhlaziya

Isihloko senkondlo Akhmatova sika "Requiem" - umuntu ukuhlupheka emndenini wakho, okuphila ukala balance. Umkhiqizo iqukethe izinkondlo ezibhalwe eminyakeni ezahlukene. Kodwa bonke umsindo united lusizi nokukhathazeka ngengoma ukuthi yenziwa kakade isihloko enkondlweni. Requiem - a ucezu umculo senzelwe kule nkonzo yesikhumbuzo.

Ngo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba esethulweni Akhmatova uthi umsebenzi eyabhalwa isicelo yomunye. Akubanga emasikweni zokuhlola ezasungulwa Pushkin futhi Nekrasov. Lokho, myalo kumuntu ovamile, kulethe intando abantu, uthi ukuma zomphakathi wonke umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlamvu kule nkondlo - bonke abantu ababekanye naye ngaphansi "udonga obomvu ezimpumputhe." Imbongi ethile yabhala nosizi lwakhe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuhlupheka bonke abantu. Ngakho-ke, lyric yayo "Mina" uguqulwe emikhulu futhi esibanzi "thina."

Polyphony futhi enezici "Requiem" (Ahmatova) inkondlo okuqukethwe uhlonzwe lezi zici. Ngenxa umfundi mnogogeroynosti ezwa ukukhala futhi azizwe kabuhlungu usizi abangaphezu koyedwa, futhi zonke izisulu.

Ingxenye yokuqala senkondlo, ezibhaliwe trehstopnym anapaest kusikisela temdzabu orientation yayo. Futhi izithombe (kokusa, emnyama ekamelweni eliphezulu, ukuboshwa, efana ukususwa emzimbeni) ukudala i air bobuqiniso zomlando sibuyele ezikhathini zasendulo: ". Mina, njengoba Royal unkosikazi omncane" Ngakho, ukuhlupheka lyrical conceptualized njengoba ezingaphelelwa isikhathi, ijwayelekile abesifazane ngisho eminyakeni uPetru wehlelwe yini.

Ingxenye yesibili yomsebenzi, ezibhaliwe chetyrehstopnym ngoma, ukondleka isitayela lullaby. Heroine ayisekho buhlungu, ukukhala, yena uzolile futhi esivaliwe. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto ukuthobeka ngengqondo, ngaphakathi kwalo yandisa ubuhlanya yangempela ekuyeni nosizi. Ekupheleni ingxenye yesibili imicabango yami yonke exovwe ubuhlanya lyrical uyayibamba ke ngokuphelele.

Umvuthwandaba imisebenzi wayeyinhloko "Ukuze ukufa." Lapha umlingiswa oyinhloko ilungele afe nganoma iyiphi indlela ezandleni izigcwelegcwele, izifo "igobolondo." Kodwa kungekho ukususa kumama, futhi walaliswa ngokoqobo Petrified ngosizi.

isiphetho

Akhmatova inkondlo "Requiem" lidlulisela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwabantu Russian. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela wazibonela kwekhulu lama-20, kodwa yathinta nayo yonke leminyaka elidlule. Akhmatova siyingozi ne obubhalwe ngokunemba ukuphila kwakhe, esho esidlule waseRussia, zako zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.