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Isakhiwo isandla kanye esihlakaleni. Isakhiwo yokwakheka isandla

Ukuzihlolisisa ngokucophelela nokwakheka uhlangothi, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umnyango uhlelo lwethu zemisipha, kunalokho xaka. Siqukethe izakhiwo ezintathu eziyinhloko: amathambo, imisipha kanye nemisipha ukuthi ubambe amathambo. I ibhulashi has izigaba zezizwe ezintathu, okungukuthi, isihlakala, iminwe kanye pastern.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya shayela: isakhiwo, imisipha, emalungeni ngesandla. Ake uqale nge incazelo amathambo eminyangweni zalo ezihlukahlukene.

ithambo carpal

Njengoba izandla ukwenze ukunyakaza ngempela olunembile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, amathambo aqatha esandleni futhi kunzima kakhulu. I esihlakaleni - 8 amathambo elincane ukuma okungajwayelekile, wahlela imigqa emibili. Esithombeni ngezansi ungabona isakhiwo ngakwesokunene.

I proximal articular ebusweni eziningi amafomu, endaweni engaba convex. Siqukethe amathambo, kusukela ingxenye yesihlanu yayo phezu isithupha: pisiform, ntathu, semilunar futhi navicular. irowu Landelayo - distal. It uxhuma joint proximal ijamo okungajwayelekile. Umugqa distal siqukethe amathambo ezine: trapezoid, zikanhlangothiningi, capitate futhi hamate.

ithambo pastern

Lo mnyango yakhiwa ijabulise 5 metacarpal amathambo, futhi ubonisa isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza isandla. Skeleton amathambo eside liyinkimbinkimbi. Ngamunye wabo unomzimba, isisekelo kanye ikhanda. ithambo Metacarpal ngomunwe 1st mufushane kunamanye futhi omkhulu. Eyesibili ithambo metacarpal - isikhathi eside. Abanye ziyancipha ubude ke bube njengobesinye ibanga ukusuka kuqala futhi eduze emaphethelweni indololwane. Izizathu amathambo ngenhla pastern lamukele ngamathambo obumba esihlakaleni. I metacarpals lokuqala nelesihlanu bayakufanelekela nge evele articular abobunjwa sehhashi, kuyilapho abanye - flat. Amabhithi metacarpal ithambo nokuba ebusweni articular (hemispherical) uphinyiselwe proximal umunwe phalanges.

amathambo umunwe

umunwe ngamunye, ngaphandle lokuqala, esakhiwa phalanges amabili kuphela futhi ine Ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona 3 ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu: distal, proximal futhi phakathi (Intermediate). I emfushane - distal; Proximal - isikhathi eside. Ekupheleni distal has inhloko ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu, kanye proximal - isisekelo salo.

amathambo Sesamoid ibhulashi

Ngo ingaphakathi umsipha, ngaphandle kwalezo amathambo abe sesamoid ngokufanele phakathi ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal we isithupha futhi ethanjeni layo metacarpal. Kukhona futhi okungezona unomphela sesamoid amathambo. Basuke etholakala phakathi ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal neminwe yesihlanu nelesibili namathambo metacarpal. Ngokuvamile amathambo sesamoid elise phezu Palmar. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lapho betholakala khona ngemuva. Pisiform ithambo is ayebuye ekubukweni ngenhla. amathambo Sesamoid kanye nomgudu walo kwandisa amandla kwemisipha ehlombe, efakwe kuyo.

Sibuyuyekeze isakhiwo ngesandla esihlakaleni amathambo, manje-ke sifika apharathasi ligamentous.

isihlakala ngokuhlanganyela

Siqukethe ithambo osabalalayo lomzila proximal lamathambo carpal: elingunxantathu, semilunar futhi navicular. I ulna is kwahambisana by the disc articular futhi akavele joint esihlakaleni. Iqhaza main kwetinhlavu endololwaneni udlala ithambo ulnar. Nakuba esihlakaleni - uvumelanise. Lasesihlakaleni ngokuhlanganyela ukuma - okweqanda. Kuyinto ukuthunjwa kungenzeka, adduction ibhulashi, flexion nokwelulwa. Small yokwenziwa ukunyakaza ukujikeleza (10-12 degrees) nazo zingaba khona kule joint, kodwa wenziwa sibonga kuyaqina we uqwanga articular. Through the izicubu zomzimba ezithambile kulula ukuthola umqhewu we ngokuhlanganyela esihlakaleni, okuyinto atholakala lapho kuhlolwa ne ulnar futhi izinhlangothi osabalalayo. Nge indololwane kungaba siphumputha ikhefu trihedral phakathi amathambo ekhanda ulna. Nge ohlangothini osabalalayo - igebe phakathi malleoli kanye lateral ulnar styloid.

Movement of the joint esihlakaleni lihlobene eduze joint umsebenzi srednezapyastnogo elise phakathi imigqa distal futhi proximal. Indawo yayo nzima ukuma okungajwayelekile. Lapho flexion nokwelulwa ukuhamba ivolumu ifinyelela 85 degrees. Ukuncishiswa shayela emalungeni ngenhla ifinyelela ku-40 ° ukuthunjwa - 20. ngokuhlanganyela esihlakaleni nolimi bangase babe circumduction, isb motion isiyingi.

Leli lunga uqiniswa nemisipha eziningi. Basuke etholakala phakathi amathambo ngabanye, kanye phezu lateral, medial, futhi ngemuva ebusweni Palmar we esihlakaleni. umsipha Collateral (engaba futhi ulna) ukudlala indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke. On the ulnar futhi osabalalayo izinhlangothi retinaculum flexor itholakala phakathi awalethe ithambo - kweqembu elikhethekile. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye asisebenzi isandla amalunga, njengoba ukuqina fascia. Retinaculum flexor isihlakala furrow liphenduka emseleni, okuyinto elibamba emsipheni lesemkhatsini futhi imisipha ye digitorum flexor. Siyaqhubeka ukuchaza anatomy esandleni.

amalunga omzimba Carpometacarpal

Ziyakwazi flat, zingabantu esingasebenzi. Ukukhethwa iyona ahlangene isithupha. Ibanga motion emalungeni carpometacarpal - akukho kuka 5-10 degrees. Zibenze ukuhamba, t. Ukuze. I nemisipha achazwayo kahle. Kutholwe phezu Palmar, akha nemisipha esitebeleni Palmar yokuxhuma phakathi ithambo metacarpal futhi esihlakaleni. Kukhona kwi ibhulashi arcuate umsipha, futhi ezilingene osabalalayo. Capitatum kungumongo nemisipha, ke kuvikelwe inqwaba nemisipha. Palmar athuthukile ingcono kakhulu labaqaphi elingemuva. nemisipha engemuva ukuxhuma amathambo esihlakaleni. Bakha amaphilisi ukuqina zazo camera emalungeni phakathi kwalawa mathambo. Intercostals zitholakala kumugqa lamathambo carpal yesibili.

Kumiswa isithupha ngokuhlanganyela carpometacarpal is a base wethambo lokuqala metacarpal futhi zikanhlangothiningi. I evele articular kukhona isihlalo sehhashi ukuma. Leli lunga angakwenzela izenzo ezilandelayo: ukuthunjwa, adduction, kabusha (ezinyakazayo retrograde), ukuphikiswa (ukuphikiswa) kanye circumduction (ezungezayo). Ivolumu ukuqonda ukunyakaza, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isithupha okuphikisana bonke abanye, luyanda kakhulu. 45-60 degrees ukuhamba carpometacarpal ahlangene ukuthunjwa isithupha naphezu actuation, futhi ngesikhathi ukunyakaza ukubuya nekuphikisana - 35-40.

Isakhiwo isandla: emalungeni metacarpophalangeal

amalunga omzimba Ngokuthi akhiwa ibhulashi amakhanda metacarpals iqhaza lezisekelo we phalanges proximal. Ziyakwazi eyindilinga, babe ezintathu izimbazo Okusizayo perpendicular ujikeleza uzungeze lapho isandiso flexion, ukuthumba kanjalo adduction, kanye motion yindilinga (circumduction). Ukuletha futhi baphume kungenzeka degrees 45-50 futhi flexion nokwelulwa - at 90-100. Lezi amalunga omzimba abe nemisipha eseduze ezinhlangothini, okuyinto aziqinise. Palmar noma izandiso bayiqembu Palmar we capsule. Imicu yotshani yabo ihlangene nayo Imicu yotshani ezijulile umsipha transverse oluvimbela kwehlukana ezinhlangothini ezahlukene zezinhloko amathambo metacarpal.

amalunga omzimba Interphalangeal esandleni

Bona trochlear ukuma-eksisi kwabo Ukujikeleza ukunweba transversely. Isandiso kanye flexion kungenzeka ngokusondelene nalezi izimbazo. I proximal interphalangeal amalunga omzimba abe ivolumu flexion nokwelulwa, ilingana 110-120 degrees, distal - 80-90. amalunga omzimba Interphalangeal kwaqinisa kahle by umsipha izibambiso.

emgodleni lwamalunga futhi fibrous of imisipha yeminwe

Extensor retinaculum, kanye retinaculum flexor, ufeza indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni isikhundla imisipha imisipha odlulayo ngaphansi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma usebenza isandla: e isandiso yayo futhi flexion. Nature isakhiwo okuhloswe onekhono kakhulu isandla. Imisipha kukhona ukwesekwa oshiwo ngenhla ngokuhlanganyela engaphakathi yalo. Ukwehlukanisa imisipha enkothweni ukuvimbela uthayi. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzi olunzulu futhi eqinile imisipha ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu.

Ukuncishiswa ukungezwani ukushelela imisipha esukela ibhodi lemisindo phezu ibhulashi, neqhaza ekhethekile umsipha emgodleni, okuyinto siyithambo-fibrotic noma iziteshi fibrotic. Ziyakwazi emgodleni lwamalunga. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke (6-7) ingaphansi retinaculum extensor. Ububanzi futhi ulna babe anemifantu ehambelana indawo umsipha kwemisipha. Kanye okuthiwa webs fibrous ezihlukanisa eziteshini kusuka nomunye futhi luhlanganise amathambo retinaculum extensor.

Palmar emgodleni lwamalunga kukhona imisipha flexor neminwe nezandla. Ubude emomozini lwamalunga kudlulela maphakathi entendeni bufike ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu distal ngomunwe yesihlanu. Nazi imisipha ye olukha phezulu futhi ngokujulile flexor digitorum. Isithupha has a flexor umsipha eside etholakala sangasese lwamalunga ngaphandle wedlula emunweni nge umsipha. emgodleni lwamalunga entendeni imisipha yakho esandleni beswela okusenza ukuya wesine, iminwe wesibili nowesithathu. Kuphela umsipha ngomunwe yesihlanu emgodleni lwamalunga, okuyinto ezinwetshiwe ingqikithi.

emamasela lamancane esandla

Esithombeni ngezansi ungabona emamasela lamancane esandla. Isakhiwo esihlakaleni kuboniswa kabanzi.

Imisipha esandleni kuphela ohlangothini Palmar. Basuke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: medium, iminwe ezinkulu nezincane.

Kusukela ukunyakaza umunwe ezidinga ngokunemba okukhulu, ehlozini kuyinto inombolo ethize imisipha esifushane, sibe nzima isakhiwo esandleni. Imisipha ezandleni ngamunye amaqembu sichaziwe ngezansi.

Iqembu phakathi imisipha

Kumiswa It is imisipha worm-like, kusukela ngokujulile digital flexor umsipha exhunywe ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal, noma kunalokho lezisekelo zawo lesibili umunwe yesihlanu, uma sicabanga isakhiwo esandleni. Imisipha ezandleni la futhi zivela umhlane Palmar interosseous, elise phakathi amathambo pastern, exhunywe kumila ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal. Umsebenzi waleli qembu ukuthi le misipha zinengxenye flexion we phalanges proximal yalezi iminwe. Ngenxa Palmar imisipha interossei angalihlambalaza umunwe kuya maphakathi umunwe ibhulashi. Nge intercostals rearmost kuyinto ezizalela ohlangothini.

Imisipha isithupha

Leli qembu lakha ekuphakameni isithupha. Lezi imisipha uqale emhlabeni eseduze ithambo pastern futhi esihlakaleni. Kepha lesithupheni sesandla flexor yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane enamathiselwe eduze ithambo sesamoid, okuyinto etholakala eduze kumila ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal. Ziqhathaniswa imisipha isithupha iya ithambo kuqala metacarpal, futhi uhola thumb phezu amathambo kwangaphakathi sesamoid.

imisipha ngomunwe Encane

Leli qembu imisipha yakha ingaphakathi entendeni ekuphakameni. Lezi zihlanganisa: omncane umunwe nomthumbi imisipha, ziqhathaniswa umunwe kancane, Palmar esifushane futhi flexor iDemo.

Bavela enkothweni eziyizungezile esihlakaleni. Lezi imisipha anamekwe kumila uzwane yesihlanu, noma kunalokho ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu zalo proximal, eyesihlanu ithambo metacarpal. Umsebenzi wawo kubonakala isihloko.

Kulesi sihloko esiye sazama kakhulu ngokunembile ukumela isakhiwo esandleni. Anatomy - it is a isayensi eyisisekelo okudinga Yiqiniso, isifundo ngokucophelela. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo wahlala ezingenagesi. Isakhiwo isandla kanye esihlakaleni - a isihloko osithandayo hhayi kuphela odokotela. Ulwazi futhi kuyadingeka ukuba abasubathi, ukuqina abafundisi, abafundi kanye nezinye izigaba zabantu. Isakhiwo uhlangothi, njengoba uke waphawula, ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokufunda kungaba impela isikhathi eside, sithembele kwimithombo ehlukahlukene.

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