Isazi Kirill Butusov: Biography nokutholakala. Ukuhlola sonozungezilanga

Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, kuzo zonke izizukulwana impucuko bathole okuningi ngokuvamile Niyaphaphalaza ngoba ubuhlanya nokungazi. Kodwa ke iningi imicabango "singenele" atholakala isiqinisekiso ecacile futhi emva kwesikhashana umphakathi aphethe futhi emhlabeni zezemfundo.

Isayensi isayensi-mbumbulu ... Likuphi iqiniso?

Uhlobo lwanoma yiliphi ukutholakala itholakala lokuthi ukuthi - ulwazi ahlukene, ezahlukene kusukela nekucondza. Umlando uyakhumbula okutholakele ezinjalo. Isibonelo salokhu inkolelo ka-Einstein ye kwezinto. Lo mbono is wangabaza ukuthi space kanye nesikhathi - constants. Ngokwesibonelo yanamuhla isivumelwano physics olusemthethweni benethuba isikhathi sokuhamba. Nakuba kancane eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-amathathu edlule, noma imuphi usosayensi ababezama ukusho obala uyahlekwa noma kwabalelwa lilinganise ezingasebenzi.

Impi eqhubeka

Inqubekela nasezingeni yethu wenduduzo lobuchwepheshe kwavela enkundleni yempi ka conservatism lwezesayensi entsha "singenele" ulwazi. Siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke kwadingeka ososayensi e nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ukuqonda imibono yesayensi kanye indlela isimiso iqedwe ephikisayo. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke uhlelo abangaphelele, le ndlela has ezicini ezinhle - ukuhlakulela ukuqonda wamanje kanye nokuqedwa imibono "okungalungile".

I izingqondo ezinkulu Russia

Phakathi nale nkathi, wayephila futhi wasebenza njengoba usosayensi, okuyinto kabanzi waqonda isayensi amaphutha ayo - uCyril Butusov. Isazi, usosayensi-umhlaziyi esebeké phambili ngaphezu imicabango kweshumi mayelana isakhiwo yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukuze credit yakhe engaphezu kwekhulu izincwadi zesayensi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, iningi okwatholwa usosayensi iye yaqinisekisa akhona emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Butusov Kirill Pavlovich wazalwa ngo-1929 e-Leningrad. Ngo-1954 wathola iziqu Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa emva iziqu wayesebenza njengoba abaphezulu laboratory unjiniyela kanye Pulkovo Observatory. Kusukela ngo-1961 wafundisa umsakazo yobunjiniyela kanye umsakazo physics eLeningrad amanyuvesi.
Phakathi 1988 no-1996 wasebenza izinkampani ezimbili zocwaningo "Alcor" futhi "Mizar".

Kamuva, phakathi neminyaka emine Butusov wasebenza njengoba kwenhloko yomnyango wezibalo yezamakhompyutha nokuphathwa ngesikhathi Petersburg University of Management Research Institute. Ngo-2011 waba owawina international inhlangano yomphakathi RusFO Prize (Russian Physical Society) ngenxa yosizo lwakhe isayensi.
Ebusika 2012, wafa ovelele usosayensi-isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini sefilosofi. UCyril Butusov kule minyaka eyishumi edlule impilo yakhe waba ilungu zokuhlonipha imiphakathi eminingana ngokwesayensi.

Gloria - ukuziphinda Zomhlaba

Ngu nokucabanga Butusova, into engaqondakali yiyona Sun futhi lifana ncamashi Earth.

Planet Gloria uhlale iphuzu obuhlukile, futhi ujikeleza uzungeza emzileni efanayo Earth. Ngenxa yokuthi ijubane izidumbu efanayo, kuba njalo ilanga (iphuzu okuphambene emzileni).

Njengoba umbono ocatshangelwayo, ukuthi kukhona "iwele" Zomhlaba - iplanethi Gloria?

Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ezizweni ezihlukahlukene kukhona ulwazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu abanye amakhophi Earth. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, e 1666 kanye 1672 sika Paris Observatory ibika ukuthi ukuthola into isikela emise eduze Venus. Ngaleso sikhathi, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zasikisela ukuthi isiphuphutheki Venus. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi, le planethi akudingeki iziphuphutheki.
Into uvele yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kodwa ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa futhi umbiko lo mcimbi alikho. Imbangela yale Gloria Sun izazi zikholelwa isenzo iziphepho oqinile magnetic phakathi nekhulu lesikhombisa.

Gloria - Yinganekwane Noma Yiqiniso?

Kususelwa ukubalisisa kwabo motion Saturn sika, Jupiter, Venus ne-Mars, isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini Kirill Butusov sinqume ukuthi isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga kungenye umzimba eyenzeke emkhathini. Uzungeza amaplanethi ngaphansi adonsela phansi mutual uqondane kuphela isimo esikhona uma kukhona i "esingabonakali" iplanethi.

Ukubuka vagaries Venus, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye bengakwazanga ukuthola isizathu sokuthi kungani kukhona ukusheshisa gqwa deceleration zomzimba. Lokhu into okufanele kuthinte amanye akubhalwa amandla elanga adonsela phansi. Ngemva izibalo achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi maqondana amabutho abo okudonsa Kwahlaluka ukuthi orbit eMhlabeni kufanele kube nenye into, efanayo ngobukhulu emhlabeni wethu.

"Twin" Zomhlaba kuhlale izidalwa ezihlakaniphile?

Planet Gloria itholakala endaweni lapho kungenzeka khona kokuphila organic. Njengoba ososayensi bakholelwa, kungaba ukuphila okuhlakaniphile Emhlabeni amakhophi. yobudala wakhe kungenzeka phakathi neminyaka ecishe ibe 4.5 bhiliyoni. Phakathi nale nkathi, nezinto eziphilayo ezihlakaniphile zifike ezingeni elingcono kakhulu kunokwethu. Enye indlela yentuthuko kungaholela ekufeni ngenxa izimpi nezingxabano. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo mhlaba ayinakho umkhathi eyihlane.

Satellites umkhankaso ukufunda ezinkanyezini ezikude kungabonakali namaplanethi isikhala, esisogwini ongaphakeme Umhlaba orbit. Bona uyenzele predetermined imisebenzi ehleliwe ziqondiswe ethile into noma ulwanga wemboni. Reprogramming futhi reorientation zedivayisi - inqubo eqolo.
Ilanga Lethu ihlanganisa wemboni omkhulu kwesibhakabhaka waphawula, ofana no-600 ububanzi Zomhlaba. Njengoba isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini Kirill Butusov amangalelwe Gloria kuzobonakala ngokucacile kusukela isikhundla Mars.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba noma iqiniso sokungalandeli umthetho lolu lwazi, kubalulekile ukuthumela satellite esibhakabhakeni sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo isayithi. Mkhathi ABU Sun ngokudubula njalo, kodwa kwi-orbit ongaphakeme eduze Earth. Ukuze ukufunda esigabeni oyifunayo oyifunayo isikhundla izikhathi nanhlanu nakude kunamazwi Ibanga Moon. Ngakho-ke, ihlala yodwa ukuba nethemba lokuthi, ngenxa Kwezinye izimo siyokwazi ukubona "ikhophi" yomhlaba noma wenqabe unaphakade le nokucabanga.

Nibiru - udadewabo Sun yethu?

Incazelo Sun Okwesibili kubonakala izinganekwane cishe kuzo zonke izizwe. Izibhebhe nesi okukhulunywa ilanga lesibili alishoni. astronomy Esemthethweni libhekisela endaweni iplanethi Nibiru isayensi-mbumbulu. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa isikuqinisekisile umbono ka akhona Japanese Butusova khona umzimba omkhulu ngaphandle Kuiper ibhande (iqala ngale emzileni Neptune). Lithi Sun yethu, efana izinkanyezi kakhulu, ine umusi uhlelo. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga has izibani ezimbili, kwamiswa elinye lawo ngaphambili futhi ziphele nya.

Orbit Nibiru ine lesiyingi side, ibanga esiphezulu mayelana mayelana 110 AU (eyodwa yezinkanyezi oluhambisana amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-150). Ngokwe-izibalo Astrophysics Butusova kwegazi inkathi inkanyezi eminyakeni engaba ngu-40,000. Bheka kule nto kuyinkinga ngenxa yokuqhela ezinkulu kanye nokuntuleka likhanya ngendlela efanayo.
Nibiru (Raja-ilanga) - a okukhulu amnyama yemifino ensundu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkanyezi "esingabonakali" ku-oda engaphansi kuka Sun yethu, isisindo salo sikhulu namanje okusezingeni eliphezulu, izikhathi 6,000 enkulu kunomhlaba. Ngokusho ososayensi abathile, umzila wokuzungeza okweqanda ka Nibiru yedlula Mars futhi i-Jupiter ne kudlulela ngalé zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Isazi wencike mshini wezenzo zamabutho endaweni yonke

isakhiwo Binary sonozungezilanga (yokuhlanganisa izinto) Butusova esekelwe kweminyaka yocwaningo izinkanyezi izindikimba zasezulwini. Ngo izibalo bakhe zazithinta akhawunti perturbations okudonsa isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini nohlelo lwethu. UCyril Butusov lokuqala babecabanga ngo-1958 ngomsebenzi eyindilinga we Ilanga, isikhathi esiyiminyaka emihlanu 11-17. Nokho, lo msebenzi alikakashicilelwa ngenxa zokungabaza zekhanda lakhe. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa, ososayensi American eshicilelwe umsebenzi ezifanayo, kubonisa umbiko we isayensi yokuma kwezinto ezisemkhathini. UCyril Butusov okukhulunywa yinkimbinkimbi ukushicilelwa imisebenzi 'sezinye "ukuqonda phakathi kweSoviet Union. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuwumise usosayensi kulolu cwaningo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemithetho ekhona kwamaplanethi. Wancika le "ikuyo yonke indawo" futhi amandla elanga adonsela phansi wenza izinqubo emkhathini.

isiphetho

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu into eyinqaba okwenzeka kuma-mkhathi "Voyager 1". Okwamanje yokweqa emzileni Mars, futhi ushintshe isikhundla ukusebenza elangeni izithombe, ngokuvumelana abasebenzi NASA, satellite badukelana nokuningi ke ayizange ikhishwe. Lo mcimbi langempela noma esikhoselweni idatha, kubalulekile ukuqagela kuphela.

I strangeness ngesimo ukuthi lena isikhundla awunankinga yokwenze sokudubula "iwele" Zomhlaba. Kungakhathaliseki bona ubujamo bunjani ngempela, sithemba ukuthi sinalo ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uthole ukuthi.