iseli organelles olusungulwe unomphela ukuthi ukunikeza imisebenzi ethize ukwenza inqubo umsebenzi wayo - ukukhula nokuthuthuka, ukwahlukana futhi ukubuyabuyelela, njll Eukariticheskie (senuzi) amaseli zezitshalo nezilwane akheke ngendlela efanayo futhi isethi kucishe organelles futhi prokaryotic (non-senuzi) amaseli isakhiwo zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo bantule eziningi organelles.
Cell organelles, kuncike khona izingxenye ulwelwesi, futhi zihlukaniswe mebrannye non-ulwelwesi. Ngokuba non-ulwelwesi organelles zihlanganisa ribosomes futhi centrioles futhi organelle ukunyakaza (microtubules futhi microfilaments). Ribosomes babanjwa noma side umzimba, ehlanganisa izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili - ezinkulu nezincane. Ukuhlanganisa ndawonye, akha polysomes ribosome. Lokhu organelle elikhona kokubili amaseli prokaryotic futhi eukaryotic. Ribosomes bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuqoqwa amaprotheni amino acid. Centrioles - amasilinda eziyize, okuyinto aqukethe ezintathu futhi microtubules. Centrioles yakha isikhungo cell, okuyinto ehilelekile cell division. Organelles ezinyakazayo ayimibhobho eziyize noma sesigcilikisha okungase kwenzeke ngefomu khulula kule cytoplasm noma libe yingxenye flagella, cilia uthi lokuphotha.
organelles Membranous amaseli zihlukaniswe olulodwa futhi dvumembrannye. ngu odnomembrannym zihlanganisa: EPS (ulwelwesi endoplasmic), Golgi apharathasi, lysosomes, vacuoles (atholakala ezitshalweni izilwane owumphumela).
reticulum Endoplasmic - i Inethiwekhi ebanzi yophathina yeNayile nazo izimbotshana ukuthi igcwale yonke cell. Ihlukaniswe yaba bushelelezi futhi olunzima. Smooth EPS iqukethe enzyme ukuthi iqhaza carbohydrate namafutha umzimba. EPS Rough ehilelekile amaprotheni zamagama, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-enamathiselwe nalokho ribosomes.
Iinsetjenziswa (eziyinkimbinkimbi) Golgi is embondelene izimbotshana ezixhunywe-EPS. Ubizwa bahileleke umzimba futhi kumiswa lysosomes.
Lysosomes - encane oyindilinga ithole enzyme egcwele elikwaziyo Uqhekeza organelles "ile" namaseli lonke, uma kunesidingo. It has a function zokuzivikela.
Dvumembrannye cell organelles - mitochondria futhi plastids iyingqayizivele izitshalo. sici wabo - khona ulwelwesi ezimbili, elingaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. I yangaphandle (ngaphandle) wenza exchange ulwelwesi umsebenzi kanye nobuhlobo yalezi organelles amaseli nezinye izingxenye kanye kwangaphakathi ulwelwesi amafomu emphethweni, isikhala esiphakathi kwawo ligcwele-matrix - ketshezi ketshezi. emphethweni Yangaphakathi abizwa ngokuthi cristae ka mitochondria futhi plastids -hloroplastov - grana. La mangqamuzana organelles aqukethe RNA ne-DNA. Mitochondria synthesize ATP, kamuva ukhonza njengelungu umthombo energii.Funktsiya plastids kuzoncika umbala wabo - kungenambala (noma leucoplasts) yezikhali carbohydrate, e isitashi esithile; ophuzi, osawolintshi, obomvu (noma chromoplasts) - ukunikeza umbala izimbali nezithelo; chloroplast oluhlaza - ukuhlinzeka synthesis ATP, kanye carbohydrate.
Basic cell organelle, a kancane kudliwa phakathi cytoplasm kanye ulwelwesi yakha uhlelo olulodwa ebalulekile.