Isibonakaliso soMsindisi we-Holy Face - esindisa ukulandelana kwamandulo

Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiriya yanamanje, phakathi kweNigrisi ne-Ewufrathe, kusukela ngonyaka ka 137 BC kuya ngonyaka ka-242 AD, kwakukhona isimo esincane se-Osroena, owawungowokuqala ukumemezela ubuKristu inkolo yezwe esemthethweni. Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqa, kuboniswa isithonjana soMsindisi woBungcwele.

Ingqikithi yesithonjana

Ngokusho kwezinganekwane eziningi, i-Osporan inkosi u-Avgar V, ohlala kuyo enhloko-dolobha yase-Edessa, wagula ngesifo esingelapheki - ukoma omnyama. Ephusheni, wembula ukuthi ubuso bukaMsindisi kuphela obungamsiza. Umdwebi wenkantolo, owathunyelwa kuKristu, akakwazanga ukumbamba isithombe sakhe ngenxa ye-effulgence yaphezulu evela kuJesu, okwathi emva kokuhlangana nokuncenga kwenkosi, wageza ubuso bakhe ngamanzi futhi wazisula ngethawula (ibhodi). Kuyo kuhlala isithombe esimhlophe, esibizwa ngokuthi "Ubrus", noma iMandylion, noma isithonjana soMsindisi Angenziwe Ngezandla. Okungukuthi, kunguqulo ye-classic, limelela ubuso bukaKristu, ebulawa ngendwangu, eceleni kwemiphetho lapho i-canvas iphuma khona, futhi izingxenye eziphezulu zikhonjisiwe.

Emva kokuphulukiswa ngokuyisimangaliso kuka-Avgar, akukhulunywa ngalesi sithonjana kuze kube ngonyaka ka-545, lapho u-Edessa ethunjwa ngamabutho asePheresiya. Kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani, ezikhathini ezinzima, ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi kuyasiza. E-nave ngenhla emasangweni omuzi akutholakalanga nje kuphela uphawu olugcinwe ngokuphelele loMsindisi olungenziwanga ngezandla, kodwa futhi nombhalo walo ohlangothini lwe-ceramic ye-vault, noma i-Ceramidion. Ukuvinjelwa komuzi kwafakwe ngendlela enhle kakhulu.

Izici zesithonjana

Lesi sithombe esimangalisayo kuzo kokubili ukubonakala kwayo (okuphethwe kokubili kwendwangu nokwakheka) kunezici eziningi namasiko ahlobene nayo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba abadwebi bezithonjana zokuqala njengomsebenzi wabo wokuqala wokuzimela.

Isithonjana soMsindisi woBungcwele yilona kuphela isithombe lapho i-halo ehamba khona ekhanda likaJesu inesimo somjikelezo ovaliwe ovalwe njalo ngaphakathi. Yonke le mininingwane, kanye nombala wezinwele zoMsindisi, isizinda esijwayelekile sesithonjana (kwizithonjana ezindala kakhulu isizinda sasihlala sihlanzekile), sithwale umthwalo wabo we-semantic.

Kukhona imibono ukuthi lo mdwebo, owadalwa ngaphandle kokushayela kanye nopende, okungukuthi, ngokuyinhloko, isithonjana esithi "uMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla", isithombe sikaKristu, esithatha ubuso bakhe.

E-Orthodoxy, lesi sithonjana selokhu sidlala indima ekhethekile, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuletha uhlu lwayo kuConstantinople ngo-1355. Nakuba imifanekiso yamandulo kakhulu yalezi zilwane yabonakala eRussia ngekhulu le-11, kusukela kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-14 konke okuhlobene "noMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla" kufakwe ezingeni lehlelo lobuzwe futhi lenziwa yonke indawo. Ngaphansi kwawo kwakhiwe amathempeli, lobuso buboniswa emabhanini amabutho aseRussia ekunqobeni kakhulu kwezimpi zezwe - kusukela kuKukokovskaya kuya empini yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Igama elithi "ibhanna" lishintshwa kancane kancane ngegama elithi "banner" (kusukela "uphawu"). U-Khorugvi onesithombe "soMsindisi oNgcwele" waba ingxenye ebalulekile yokunqoba izikhali zaseRussia.

Icon "uMsindisi Angenziwe Ngezandla" namuhla

Ukufika kwalesi sithonjana esimangalisayo, inkazimulo eyasakazwa kulo lonke elaseRussia, kusukela enkampanini yase- Novospassky edolobheni laseVavatka kuya e-Assumption Cathedral yaseKremlin, selizuze izinga lezwe nokubaluleka. Izinkulungwane zamaMuscovites nezivakashi zaphuma ukuhlangabezana nesithonjana futhi lapho ziwa khona zawa ngamadolo. Isango likaFrolovsky, lapho isithonjana senziwa khona, saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iSpassky. Ukudlulela kuzo kungahle kube nekhanda elingenalutho, njengesibonakaliso sobubuso besimo.

"UMsindisi Angenziwanga Ngezandla" isithonjana esingenakugxila kakhulu ekuqondeni. Kubonakala njengenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko ze-Orthodoxy, ngencazelo yokuthi kuchazwa ngesiphambano nokubethelwa.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi iBabhapathizo Yesibili kaRus, inani lamasonto, amasonto kanye namathempeli angakaze akhiwe. E-Sochi, iThempeli loMsindisi Ongenziwanga Ngezandla lakhiwa futhi lalingcweliswa ngoJanuwari 5, 2014, ukuvula ama-Olimpiki ngesikhathi sokurekhoda.