Isihloko cwaningo Biology Jikelele iqoqo izinqubo ezilawula lo mkhuba wokuphila

Yemvelo ingenye izifundo wokuqala ongabantu ezindaweni eyisisekelo isayensi, kodwa futhi into ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impucuko yethu hhayi kuphela. Isihloko cwaningo Biology Jikelele iqoqo izinqubo ezilawula lo mkhuba wokuphila. Chief phakathi kwabo: ukukhiqizwa futhi ontogenesis, ufuzo futhi ukushintshashintsha, ukuthuthukiswa komlando ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo futhi ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe.

Indima umlando izifundo bemvelo ekukhuleni komphakathi

Zifakwe wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo bekwi cwaningo ngokoqobo imihlola ngenhla bemvelo, usebenzisa imiphumela imboni yesimanje wezinto eziphilayo jikelele - iseli ne-genetic engineering, i-biotechnology, kanye labantu zofuzo. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ubuchwepheshe ezimbonini kanye izinqubo kwembulunga yonke ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe kuphoqelela ososayensi ukuba bahlanganyele ucwaningo sina ezindabeni zokuphepha kwezemvelo izinhlelo zemvelo.

Njengoba isayensi okungokwemvelo, jikelele izifundo biology isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwa inhlangano zokuphila: labantu-zilwane, kanye amazinga ehlukene izimiso zokusebenza kwemvelo kanye uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi begazi

Isayensi ukuthi study imvelo ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo, wazalwa phakathi ekujuleni ulwazi lomuntu ngosizo zefilosofi EGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, kodwa waziwa ngokuthi biology ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi J. Lamarck futhi G. Treviranus. Omunye omdala eyala zayo kubhekwe taxonomy based C. Onomusa, futhi morphology, sivela ku azibhala ka UHippocrates, uGalen no Aesculapius.

Into ukutadisha biology jikelele ukusungula ubunye eziphilayo ngesikhathi yamangqamuzana kuqala, bese - emangqamuzaneni. Ukuvela a umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa, akhiwa Russian wokuziphendukela kwemvelo PF Goryaninovym nososayensi German M. Schleiden noT Schwann wafakazela ukuthi ifomu eziyisisekelo zokuphila Emhlabeni - seli. R. Virchow ezihlongozwayo isimiso 'ephilayo - kusukela ophilayo "uqede izingxoxo mayelana namathuba okukhululwa isizukulwane okuzenzakalelayo ososayensi eziphilayo kwaqala entweni engaphili.

Cytology by izindlela ezifana centrifugation, electron microscopy, Tracer indlela, study isakhiwo prokaryotes namaseli nucleated futhi isisekelo sokuthuthukisa ngezihloko ezizoba usizo wesayensi yemvelo: Histology, izakhi zofuzo, zizalela.

izimiso umzimba ekuphileni izinhlelo

biology Jikelele izifundo hhayi kuphela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo eziphilayo, kodwa futhi izinqubo ezilawula umzimba wabo. Biochemistry ukusungula regularities ukusabela Anabolic, ezifana-photosynthesis. Iphinde uhlola biosynthesis amaprotheni (umbhalo kanye izinqubo translation), inquma izimo ezidingekile ukusabela dissimilation ukuhlinzeka ezidingekayo amandla reserve amaseli njengoba molecule NADPH futhi ATP.

Njengoba into ukutadisha biology jikelele mangqamuzana wokuphila, sibacabangele ngokungathí sina ukusabela catabolism. Ngaphansi kwezimo aerobic, iseli isilwane synthesizes amavukuzi 36 ka ATP kusukela engqamuzaneni elithwala ngamunye glucose in ukusabela lomjikelezo Krebs.

Izitshalo isikhunta eyingozi energy umzimba izimo anaerobic futhi ninamathele C ₃ H ₄ O ₃ kuya ETHYL utshwala, futhi bavunyelwe - ukuze acidosis acid. Kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, kwemiqondo molecule ndaba amandla - triphosphate adenosine.

Njengoba ubona, isihloko cwaningo Biology Jikelele indlela umzimba. Abameleli izilwane zasendle uyaqhubeka iqhaza enzyme yemizila efanayo kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kubonisa ubunye ngemvelaphi yokuphila kusukela ezivamile yokhokho iseli amafomu. Ngo imininingwane eyanele lo daba ehlanganiswa kulesi sigaba wesayensi yemvelo njengoba zibhalwe ngenkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Kubaluleka biology jikelele

Leli gama has a okungokwemvelo esikoleni isiyalo owethulwa kukharikhulamu, oqala ebangeni 9. Ngenxa izimiso zesayensi futhi didactic phambili, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme ufunde mayelana izilwane zasendle, uthathelwe ulwazi inkambo wezitshalo, ngokuphila kwezilwane anatomy. Ukuze wakhe owakho umbono ophelele ubunjalo izingane - umsebenzi oyinhloko zemfundo.

Basics of Cytology, ontogeny, amaphethini ifa - ukuthi ukutadisha biology jikelele. Izihloko futhi abazinikele ekuthuthukiseni zomlando zomhlaba organic kanye nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge ngemvelo, kuholele intuthuko sina ezingqondweni abafundi kanye neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni egcwele ebuntwini babo.