Imvelo izilwane carbohydrate. Reserve carbohydrate iseli isilwane glycogen noma isitashi? Njengoba reserve carbohydrate ngokuthi amaseli isilwane?

Zonke ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali amaseli isilwane kungenziwa ngokufingqiwe tento ezimbili: "esitolo" futhi "imali". Encane umzimba, kulapho inqubo yokuthola izinhlelo zamagama kanye ekuqongeleleni izinto eziphilayo ngeke yibona phezu cleavage yabo kanye nezindleko. Isizathu sisobala: sikhule futhi 'ukwakha "umzimba wakho, udinga ukuhlanganisa indaba eningi plastic kanye, yebo, amandla. The main amaseli ukwakhiwa ebonakala- amaprotheni, evelele futhi ekhuthaza akunika amandla - glycogen.

It kubhekwa izinqolobane reserve carbohydrate sesibindi lwamathambo imisipha ezincelisayo: kokubili ezilwaneni. Ucwaningo impahla yayo futhi uzobe anikelwe lo msebenzi.

Yini nalapho sibhekene Stocking

Ezingeni isilwane amaseli organic compounds kuthiwa kwemiqondo futhi yandiswa amayunithi yayo kwesakhiwo - organelles. Amaphrotheni kuthiwa kuhlelwe ribosomes, lipids, kanye carbohydrate - eziteshini we bushelelezi reticulum endoplasmic. Ngo ezincelisayo amasheya izinto eziningi eziphilayo kuthiwa zanqwabelana lwamathambo imisipha, isibindi, fat ongama bese indlala. izilwane carbohydrate ezisele kuyinto glycogen, okuyinto umqondo kusuka glucose eziqukethwe igazi.

Kumiswa It is njengoba umkhiqizo ukudla dissimilation, okuhlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, yemifino isitashi: isinkwa, amazambane, irayisi. abaphukile Lezi izinto phansi umlomo, esiswini, futhi duodenum. Ukuthi kwamazinyo zabo eziyinhloko. I-glucose okuholela is angena capillary igazi villi emathunjini amancane bese eyalo igazi ukuze kwemisipha kwesibindi, lapho kuhlelwe reserve carbohydrate bezilwane nabantu.

Kuyini glycogen

Nakuba igama ketshezi kuyinto ekhona, igama elithi "glycosylation", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka lesiGreki lisho "amnandi", it has cishe awekho ukunambitheka. Cishe, igama libonisa ukuthi utfolakala kuluhlobo kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, aqukethe okuseleyo glucose, ukunambitheka sweet ngempela. Glycogen ine uhlobo emhlophe powder structureless. Kuyinto hydrophilic futhi yakha isixazululo colloidal efana ubisi. Njengoba reserve carbohydrate eyeseli isilwane, polysaccharide is hydrolyzed endaweni esidi ngezigaba eziningana. Imikhiqizo ukuxhumana yayo ngamanzi kukhona dextrins, eminye - maltose, futhi ekugcineni, i-glucose. Njengoba ingxube polymer ine uhlobo glycogen branched uchungechunge molecule uquqaba obuhlukahlukene.

izakhiwo kwamakhemikhali

Sesisungule yokuthi glycogen iyona carbohydrate inqolobane amaseli isilwane. Reserve ejenti yalolu hlobo ibhekane ku cytoplasm ka hepatocytes, leukocyte futhi myocyte ezimbili inqubo Okusizayo okuphambene. Umsuka: dissimilation, okuholela ukukhulula glucose molecule ngomzuzwana - nokwenziwa, okuyinto uhumusha spare ngokweqile glucose polymer - glycogen. It oluhlala emzimbeni futhi esitolo wamandla asetshenziswa inqubo impilo zezilwane nabantu.

Njengoba kwemiqondo isilwane isitashi

Khumbula ukuthi, ngokombono amakhemikhali buka, kuba kwakwakhe macromolecular - polymer nge izinsalela monomer kukhona α-d glucose. Ukuthi axhunyaniswa ngezibopho glycosidic, kusebenze liyadingeka, ie "zithonye" sigma-isibopho carbon skeleton hexose. Lokhu kufezwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi hexokinase ukuphendula. Animal reserve carbohydrate umqondo kusuka zikashukela-6-phosphate. Le into - umkhiqizo hexokinase ukuphendula. Enzyme catalyzes mshini oshiwo ngenhla iqukethwe cytoplasm sezinso amaseli, ungqimba mucosal emathunjini amancane nesibindi izilwane nakubantu imbala.

ukuhlukaniswa glycogen

Njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, ama-carbohydrate Reserve amaseli isilwane isitashi - glycogen. izifundo kwamakhemikhali wembula ukuthi cleavage yayo ngeke ayithathe indawo ngaphandle iqhaza enzyme ethize - phosphorylase. Isebenza ku-medium-esidi ebukhoneni wezinto ezingaphili phosphate molecule. Sam enzyme kuba asebenzayo ngaphansi kwethonya hormone pancreatic - glucagon. Ukuba khona kwawo egazini ibonisa ukuthi ezingeni glucose in ongaphakeme wakhe. Ngakho-ke, umzimba isilwane viva reserve carbohydrate - glycogen bese eqala sokudiliza, ukuze uthole okuthe xaxa glucose ingxenye.

Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi glycogenolysis. Neurophysiologists yathola ukuthi ama-hormone okucindezeleka - adrenaline futhi noradrenaline ekhiqizwa nezindlala adrenal, futhi ingqondo glycogenolysis.

Isibindi kanye yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni umzimba carbohydrate

Ngo biology engeziwe, le ndlala ngobukhulu wokugaya ukudla ezincelisayo ngokuthi imboni kwamakhemikhali. Ngempela, kuba kakhulu ukusabela enzymatic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi exchange of izinto namandla, okusho umzimba. Njengoba aziwa kakade, ugodle carbohydrate iseli isilwane glycogen. kwamazinyo zayo ngokushesha kuholele ukugcwaliswa kwegazi glucose - umthombo oyinhloko wamandla kubo bonke ezincelisayo kanye abantu.

Lost isilwane isitashi ihlawulelwa emizimbeni yabo ngokuthola ukudla okunesitashi: amazambane, ummbila nelayisi. Konke lokhu imikhiqizo zingaphansi nokucekelwa e ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kanye glucose okuholela ingena egazini, futhi ukusuka lapho - kumaseli, ikakhulukazi imisipha lwamathambo futhi isibindi. Basuke kwemiqondo isitashi ezilwaneni enzyme - glyukopirofosforilazy.

Yini izinqubo zenzeka ezicutshini lwamathambo

Njengoba esibindini, e myocyte - imisipha amaseli, buthelela isitashi isilwane. Njengoba yemisipha kuningi kunokomuntu isisindo isibindi, futhi okuqukethwe glycogen kuzo iphezulu kakhulu. Phakathi umsebenzi isitashi isilwane kuqala ukuhlukanisa. kwakhiwa acidosis acid is ngenxa glycolysis, lingena emgudwini wegazi futhi wenziwa ukuba amaseli isibindi nezinso. Ngo wawakhipha ezimbili acidosis acid molecule kwemiqondo imvukuzane glucose, okuyinto ke lihunyushelwe polysaccharide reserve ngayinye. Ukusabela senzeka usebenzisa amandla ATP. Ngakho, iseli esikhundleni isilwane carbohydrate kuyinto glycogen zanqwabelana ngu myocytes, hepatocytes, amaseli kwezinso cortical, amaseli esivimba amanzi futhi wamaphaphu.

Indima enzyme umzimba isitashi isilwane

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, esikhundleni lamaseli isilwane carbohydrate ngokuthi glycogen. Ngenxa yalokho-ndlela ezimbili Okusizayo okuphambene kule umzimba: ukuqoqwa kanye Fusion, liphinde ahileleke zindlela zokusabela. ukuguqulwa Mutual of glucose glycogen futhi emuva engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma iqhaza kulezi ukusabela kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi enzyme uhlelo. Kuhlanganisa glikogenogeneza yelikhono ezifana phosphoglucomutase (iguqula glucose 6-phosphate ukuze glucose-1-phosphate) kanye glyukopirofosforilaza UDF- (irreversibility inikeza glycogen zamagama). ukusabela cleavage zenzeka khona glycogen kanye enzyme ezimbili ngokulandelana wajinge wanamatsela e glycogen ekhelini ohlangothini ngamaketanga. Uhlelo enzyme oshiwo ngenhla izenzo kuphela exchange of glycogen e heterotrophic isilwane cell, ngakho impendulo efanele ukuhlolwa mbuzo: carbohydrate Reserve amaseli isilwane: 1.Krahmal 2 Glycogen? - kuyinto kula mazwi akweyesi-inombolo 2.

umzimba carbohydrate nemiphumela yaso

Ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni letinikwe lapha ngenhla sithole ukuthi ama-carbohydrate Reserve eyeseli isilwane glycogen. Ukuphulwa umzimba walo kungadalwa izinhlobo ezimbili izizathu. Eyokuqala - iphutha yokudla kanye yokuphila, kwesibili - kwasekuzalweni ezimisweni enzyme zomzimba. Setha enzyme okuhlobene nakho, unesibopho kokubili wokuqhekeka isitashi yezilwane, futhi degree yayo glucose atholakala igazi. Ngakho-ke pathologies kuvele njengamadiski e ukusabela umzimba plastic, namandla. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-glycogen. Njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, esikhundleni carbohydrate eyeseli isilwane glycogen aqoqana ikakhulukazi sesibindi imisipha lwamathambo. Ngakho, izinhlobo ezimbili syndromes: muscle isibindi omsakazo. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa Glycogen isitoreji isifo uhlobo V Isiguli akubi nemiphumela phosphorylase enzyme. Lokhu kuholela ukuvela hromoproteidov umchamo - myoglobin ezikhishwe ngesikhathi umsebenzi okhandlayo. Lokhu kuphumela ukubhidlika kwemisipha izicubu kanye ukubukeka uthi convulsive.

Ukuze isibindi syndrome zihlanganisa isifo Gierke sika. Kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu kusukela ziseyizinsana. Iziguli kumaseli isibindi bantula ama-enzyme siguqule umkhiqizo sokuqala cleavage ka glycogen ukuba glucose egazini lesiguli ngakho kukhona yizinga eliphansi kakhulu ushukela (gipoglikimiya) kanye acetone e umchamo ibonakala, abangela lokudakwa i umzimba.

Kulesi sihloko sahlola izindlela of isitashi isilwane umzimba - Glycogen ogeleza amaseli mammalian nangabantu.