Labyrinth - Iyini? okusho

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, abaningi uzokhumbula legend we silo esibi Minotaur, ngunina, ukuze ufihle emehlweni esintu, ingane kwakhe okungavamile, sifakwe Maze at Knossos. Lesi sakhiwo wawunzima ukuze akekho omunye ngaphandle umnikazi walo eyodwa, asikwazanga ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kusuka lapho. Ukwakhiwa labyrinths bekulokhu ethandwa hhayi kuphela endulo, kodwa futhi Ephakathi nezikhathi okwalandela. Uyini umlando ukuvela umqondo wegama elithi "Labyrinth" futhi uma unazo elinye inani?

I etymology ukuthini igama elithi "uxhaxha"

Ngaphambi athole injongo leli gama, kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukuthi ivelaphi. Thanda inganekwane Minotaur, futhi kuba Ibizo ngolimi isiRashiya ababevela kwamaGreki asendulo kwezempi.

Okusatshalalisiwe ezimbili izinguqulo umsuka igama. On omunye wabo, esiqhingini saseKrethe, igama elithi "uxhaxha" wayibiza indawo lapho egcinwe ngembazo isiko okuthiwa Labrys. Ngakolunye, the uxhaxha - inqaba. Esivuna lo mbono Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona cognate naye izwi ngolimi lwesiGreki, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "emgwaqweni" noma "Lane".

Ngu lwamaSlav ngesiGreki elithi labyrinthos kweza kwaloba ulimi German futhi lisetshenziswe izwi uxhaxha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kubusa uPetru mina, ngubani, wayejabula kakhulu lokhu fun imfashini European. Yena udumo ukwakhiwa labyrinths kweshumi abakulowo mbuso, kodwa akuyona ngempela kuyiqiniso.

Eqinisweni, inkosi wakhiwa nje "Garden inkundla ethempelini" ePeterhof. Wayemelela yena epaki kudidaniswe i-swimming pool maphakathi ne endaweni ingqikithi 2 amahektha. Lakhiwa Jean-Baptiste Leblond futhi yayiyindawo kakhulu ehamba phezu hot usuku ehlobo.

Kanye mayelana okuqanjwa kabusha, ke waya ezihlukahlukene amahemuhemu. Abanye babekholelwa ukuthi ezinye abahambi yanyamalala unomphela kule ndawo Outlandish. Abanye bakholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi uPetru kungcono Maze - ekusithekeni yomhlangano Masons. Yeka ukuthi ayiqiniso kangakanani la ezizathwini - alaziwa.

Kodwa phakathi kwabantu abavamile, igama elithi "uxhaxha" (inani layo - ngezansi) sijwayelane isikhathi eside, njengoba igama elithi "Babiloni" Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa esikhundleni. IBhabhiloni njalo aphathwe ngokuqapha, ucabangela ukuthi banayo ezinye izakhiwo imilingo.

Ngokwesibonelo, isithonjana abadumile kwekhulu XVIII. - "uxhaxha esingokomoya"! - wabonakalisa kuye njengoba kunzima ukuthola indlela eya ezulwini. Kukholakala ukuthi, uma ubheka ngaphandle ukuvuma lokuqala, ungakwazi basangane.

Igama elithi "uxhaxha": incazelo lucebe

Ngenxa ukuthandwa legend ngesiGreki namuhla leli gama namanje ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe inkulumo. Futhi ngaphezu amagugu eziyisisekelo usezuze ngisho extra ambalwa. Njengoba XIX leminyaka. ungakwazi kakade ukuhlangabezana "uxhaxha" (okusho) ku ochazayo Dahl isichazamazwi futhi kamuva e Ozhegova, Ushakov nabanye.

Vladimir Dahl encwadini yakhe ubiza uxhaxha lendawo kusuka okuyinto kunzima ukuthola indlela erherhweni oyinkimbinkimbi izindlela futhi yokuwela. Kubonakala ahumushe incazelo lucebe kwegama elithi "uxhaxha" nezinye izazi zezilimi Russian.

Namuhla, leli gama ngokuthi isakhiwo ezimbili noma ezintathu-ntathu nge uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi yemizila ukuze ophumayo. Kungaba njengetshe, futhi imvelaphi isitshalo.

Okunye nenshokutsi izwi

Ngaphezu Mayelana nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama lokhu Ibizo uVladimir Dahl encwadini yakhe imikhondo nokwesibili. Ngakho, ubiza lo uxhaxha of engxenyeni engaphakathi indlebe yomuntu.

Kodwa Ushakov ubala e ochazayo izincazelo kwaso okukhulu isichazamazwi ehlosweni. Ngakho, ngaphezu okungenhla, ukhuluma futhi incazelo ngokomfanekiso kwegama elithi: i interweaving oyinkimbinkimbi okuthile (Maze imicabango, imizwa Maze). Njengoba isibonelo wacaphuna Saltykov-Shchedrin: "Uma angizange Dabula futhi, cishe sabanjwa Maze futhi samovoprosheny samovozrazheny".

Namuhla Maze - kungcono ubuye a idivayisi ukuphepha ikhompyutha hard drive, kanye negama umdlalo webhodi yokushicilela endlini Russian kanye esitolo sezincwadi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthandwa leli gama kwaba iqiniso lokuthi 5 amafilimu, isihloko lapho livela izithombe kule minyaka engu-30. Kukhona futhi izincwadi eziningana enegama umculo albhamu efanayo.

Fayum Maze

Omunye wabantu bokuqala nokushiwoyo isakhiwo-Maze kungokwalabo uyise womlando - uHerodotus. Wachaza ethempelini unkulunkulu waseGibhithe elekhanda ingwenya, ayekhulekela Shedite (uHerodotus ngokuthi lo muzi "Crocodilopolis"). Ngokufanayo, umgomo wokwakha Fayum uxhaxha ezingaziwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi wayeklanyelwe ubambe ezihlukahlukene namasiko enkolo, kanye ukugcina amagugu. Ngokusho izindaba zabantu basendulo, uhamba uhlelo, amakholomu kanye niches ukuvumela umuntu akazi iyunithi yakhe, azulazule kule ndawo izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ngisho amasonto.

Kusukela emanxiweni kwesokunxele endaweni yayo namuhla, kunzima ukuqonda indlela kuyinkimbinkimbi lesi sakhiwo empeleni, kodwa, nahlulele by incazelo izindaba kayise, kubukeka zikanokusho ngempela. By endleleni, lokhu Maze kuchazwa inoveli by Boleslaw Prus 'kaFaro.

NgesiGreki, Roman, Maze Indian

Akwaziwa Knossos uxhaxha senziwe ngomfanekiso Fayum, kodwa okuningi zingaphansi kwakhe ngosayizi. Wake wasebenza njengoMbhishobhi isakhiwo yenkolo, kodwa unkulunkulu kwakungelona ingwenya, efana abaseGibhithe ngenhlupho, kodwa inkunzi (cishe kungakho legend of the Minotaur). Ukudalwa kwawo kuthiwa wenziwa Daedalus. Ngokungafani yakithi eGibhithe walesi ayikaziwa.

Ngaphezu Crete kwakunomuntu Maze abadumile ngesiGreki. Nokho, lapho kwaba ncamashi, akwaziwa. mlando lahlukahlukene ethiwa iNdawo indawo yayo eziqhingini zase-Aegean: Samos noma Limnos. Ngokuqondene nalokhu kukhona inguqulo kungaba uxhaxha le Minotaur ayikho eKrethe. Kodwa akakamtholi emanxiweni okungenani omunye wabo, konke - nje imfundiso yokuziphendukela elingenalutho.

AmaRoma athatha kusukela amaGreki amasiko abo, yebo, ayikwazanga singamelana nazo futhi akazange ukwakha mazes yabo. Iningi labo liye hhayi basinda, kodwa umphefumlo edolobheni yasePompeii, lapho kwakubonakala isikhathi aye ema ugcinwe unjengoba unjalo Maze ezimbili ezincane ekhaya nge yamatshe emangalisayo efanekisa nkolelo-ze yokungafi Minotaur. Kukholakala ukuthi amaRoma Maze - kwaba futhi ukuzijabulisa yezingane ethandwa sika. Kanye amaGreki, isakhiwo ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ezenkolo kuphela, njengoba kufakazelwa lasebukhosini yokungcwaba gquma Kluziume ehlanganisa uhlelo obuntofontofo ka omngcwabo amakamelo.

By the way, e-India ihlelo le sakhiwo kwakusakazwa kakhulu. AmaHindu akholelwa ukuthi amademoni okubi Ungahambisa kwesokudla kuphela, ngakho-ke, ekungeneleleni amathempeli ezindlini ezenziwe mazes encane ukuze bazivikele.

Labyrinths Ephakathi

Nge ekuguquleni ubuKristu benkolo ephezulu eYurophu uthando zezakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi sihlangabezane upswing entsha. Ekuqaleni labyrinths ehlotshisiwe izibuya nangapha amasonto amancane namakhulu, elimelela ukuthi ukuba nesono womuntu. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, lo labyrinths zenkolo ziye zasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa dramatizations kuyiwe eJerusalema.

Labyrinths zase-UK France

Kusukela ngekhulu XIII. lezi zakhiwo zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso Decor ezweni angavamile. Njengoba ukwakha kanye nokugcina izakhiwo itshe yalolu hlobo bebelokhu kuyinto engenakwenzeka, kancane kancane kwangikhanyela ku fashion labyrinths izingadi. ukuthandwa Omkhulu ababewajabulela France, UK nase-Italy. Ukudalwa ukuzijabulisa okunjalo isibe art yangempela, futhi ethandwa kuze kube yilolu suku.