Isilwane Indwangu - kuyini lokho?

Kusukela izindwangu aqukethe eziphilayo zezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni. Zihluke, futhi hlobo Indwangu ngamunye wenza imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko.

Kuyini indwangu?

Ingxenye kulencane kwesakhiwo somzimba iseli. Kulawa, futhi akhiwa zonke izinhlobo izicubu - kokubili yezitshalo nezilwane.

iseli isakhiwo

Lesi sakhiwo angase aziphilele njengoba umzimba ehlukile. Omunye iseli okushiwoyo ezifana amagciwane lenyama eukaryotes. Lokhu ingxenye yesigaba sokubhekela izimo eziphilayo inezingxenye ezifana: plasma ulwelwesi, cytoplasm, emelelwe isixazululo colloidal, i-nucleus futhi organelles - idlula, ngamunye okhona njengamanje owenza umsebenzi othile. Ngo ukwakheka iseli isilwane kukhona organelles: iseli isikhungo, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apharathasi begodu reticulum endoplasmic. Plant amaseli zihluke nabo ukuthi ziqukethe vacuoles (wokuqala ambalwa, kanye ne ukuguga amaseli, baba ihlangana zibe munye central) kanye plastids: chromoplasts, leucoplasts futhi chloroplast.

Ulwelwesi plasma weseli isilwane siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: emibili amaprotheni futhi lipid therebetween. Lokhu igobolondo, esikhundleni salokho, lizungezwe glycocalyx, okuyinto yakhiwa polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins. Organelles enze le misebenzi elandelayo: iseli isikhungo - ukusatshalaliswa wama-chromosomes phakathi ukuqoqwa, ribosomes - ukuhlanganiswa kwezici amaphrotheni, i-lysosomes - wokuqhekeka izinto ngama-enzyme, mitochondria - amandla isizukulwane, Golgi apharathasi - ekuqongeleleni nokuguqulwa izinto ezithile, reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) - ezokuthutha zamakhemikhali. Inombolo ezinye organelles kuseli kuxhomeke ekutheni kuyingxenye anoma yiluphi uhlobo lendwangu.

kwezicubu Sakhiwo isilwane

izicubu Animal yakhiwa amaseli, kuhlangene izidakamizwa intercellular. Kuye indawo ye-Indwangu, kungase kube yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile, ekhona amanani elikhulu noma elincane. Izicubu ezilwaneni, zikhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• kuhlangana;
• EPITHELIAL;
• kwemizwa;
• imisipha.

ezicutshini

Iza phambi izinhlobo ezifana: uqweqwe okuxekethile lunemicu uqwanga, amathambo, igazi lymph fat, reticulum. Bonke enifana kuyinto semali-matrix extracellular. I obukhulu izicubu fibrous bahlanganisa ikakhulu imicu fibre okuxekethile - abangelwa yisisindo amorphous. Bone has a semali okuqinile izidakamizwa intercellular ehlanganisa wezinto chemical compounds. izidakamizwa Intercellular cartilage izicubu siqukethe izinto eziphilayo. Indwangu reticular yakhiwa stem cells kuyiphi akhiwa amangqamuzana egazi. I Ukwakheka wegazi kanye lymph kuhlanganisa semali ketshezi. Isakhiwo lolu hlobo izicubu isilwane yakhiwa amaseli ethize, bona babizwa nangokuthi egazi. izinhlobo zabo:

• zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi;
• leukocyte;
• nama-platelet.

Ngamunye wabo wenza imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Erythrocyte ethulwa njengoba izakhiwo isiyingi eliqukethe e-hemoglobin. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo ukuthwala umoya-mpilo wonke umzimba. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi enze umsebenzi mzimba. Ama-platelet I banesibopho ekunqandeni ukopha uma umonakalo kwesikhumba.

kwezicubu EPITHELIAL kwezilwane

I epithelium ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• flat;
• cubic;
• cylindrical;
• ciliated;
• uthinte;
• yezindlala.

epithelium squamous ethulwa amaseli isicaba, ezithinta ukuma emapholigoni. Lokhu Indwangu ungaphakathi ngalo ingaphakathi emphinjeni futhi ngomlomo. Cubic izicubu EPITHELIAL kwezilwane ujenga izinso tubules, cylindrical - isisu namathumbu, ciliated - ushise imigudu yomoya, touch - ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. ingxenye yezindlala kuyinto nezindlala. Amaseli lokhu izicubu ethile futhi ukukhiqiza ama-hormone, ubisi njalo njalo. D.

kwemisipha izicubu

Babuye ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• ezimthende;
• bushelelezi;
• inhliziyo.

Izicubu kwemisipha kwezilwane sokuqala ingxenye imisipha of the system zemisipha. Imisipha abushelelezi izitho zangaphakathi akhiwa, ezifana amathumbu, isisu, kwesibeletho, njll Inhliziyo libhekene yokuthi Imicu yotshani zalo okwakuthandelene nomunye - .. It ivumela ukuba oluhlehlela ngokushesha.

kwezicubu Nervous kwezilwane

Lolu hlobo lwe-Indwangu siqukethe veretenopodobnyh, stellate, noma amaseli eyindilinga - izinzwa, futhi izinto intercellular - mesogloea esihlinzeka izakhamzimba izinzwa. Izinzwa kuqukathe umzimba, i Axon futhi dendrites - nezinqubo amaseli axhunyiwe. Bayadingeka ukuze isignali.