Isimiso Sokuthungatha kaZwelonke-Akhawunti - kwezomnotho "portrait" isimo

Imisebenzi inhlangano kwezomnotho ngasiphi ezingeni - noma kungaba inkampani ezimele noma kuzwe lonke - kufanele kunakwe futhi uboniswa yokubika esisiza ukuba sihlaziye isimo samanje bese benza izibikezelo lekusasa. Nokho, uma kunjalo nenkampani nokubika umdwebo yinqubo ejwayelekile ukuthi akudingi enkulu izindleko zomsebenzi, endabeni isimo is nzima kakhulu - impilo yonke nezomnotho kuleli zwe ngoba ngonyaka akunakwenzeka bahlele indinganiso umbiko Imiphumela yezimali. kazwelonke akhawunti yesistimu eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izizwe zomhlaba waba nethuba zifane futhi kulula ukuwabamba imibiko, okuyinto kamuva lasetshenziselwa njengoba domestically futhi ngaphandle. Mayelana kwalokho, lokho Sna futhi yiziphi izici zayo, thina chaza kulesi sihloko.

Isimiso Sokuthungatha kaZwelonke-Akhawunti kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi enkulu izinkomba esihlobene, okuyinto kubalwa ngesisekelo idatha kwezibalo. Sna wathonywa isidingo gcogca ubuye uhlelembise idatha okwenzekayo okuphathelene nomnotho States. Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha-prototype kohlelo lwama-akhawunti kazwelonke eyaqala namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - Keynes nabalandeli bakhe waqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba afeze isiqondiso macroeconomic, nakuba ayengenalo isithombe esiphelele isimiso sezomnotho kazwelonke. Nokho, yisisusa esinamandla kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni SNS etholwe forties sekwephuzile, ngemva kokumiswa ezinjalo izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njengoba UN World Bank Group futhi IMF. Njengoba izinhlangano oshiwo ngenhla wahlanganyela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanye namazwe abolekise, kwakudingekile ngesisekelo ezinye izinkomba ukuhlola creditworthiness futhi solvency abanamacala yabo, ngakho-ke sibonga imizamo yabo Sna bahlakulele izimiso eziyisisekelo emsebenzini kanye nama-akhawunti kazwelonke uhlelo. Sna lokuqala ejwayelekile esemthethweni kwavunyelwana ngo-1953, kwesibili - ngo-1968, eyesithathu - ngo-1993, futhi owokugcina, zamanje nezesikhathi namuhla - ngo-2008. Ukuvela amazinga amasha ezihlobene kabusha kwezomnotho emhlabeni: ukwedlulela emazweni asethuthukile ukusebenza embonini yesevisi, ukuvela izimboni ezintsha, imisebenzi ezixhaphaza , nokunye.

kazwelonke akhawunti Uhlelo usebenza nge nemingcele ezilandelayo:

1) GDP futhi GNP - idatha ezimbili zinkomba isamba amagugu azo zonke yezimpahla nezinkonzo kuleli zwe. Umehluko phakathi wamazwe umkhiqizo kanye ezifuywayo, umqondo "yangaphakathi" kuhlanganisa ukubaluleka imikhiqizo ezivezwa non-izakhamizi ensimini ka isimo, futhi igama elithi "kazwelonke" ukukhiqizwa non-ohlala iyabhekwa, kodwa kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo eyenziwe izakhamuzi isimo phesheya.

2) ukusetshenziswa Gross - limele Isamba sawo wonke amanani atholwe ngenjongo ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla namasevisi. Qaphela ukuthi ukuhlukanisa ukukhiqizwa (ukuthenga semifinished ukuze kucutshungulwe), kanye ukusetshenziswa sokugcina.

3) Gross - Le nkomba kunikela umqondo wokuthi inani capital inqwaba zombili izinhlangano ngokomzimba futhi esemthethweni. Kuhlanganisa ezifakwa emabhange, imali kuma-akhawunti wamanje, kanye imisebenzi yokufuna nokwenziwa ngcono izimpahla fixed.

4) ukutshalwa Gross - kunikeza umbono walokho isamba semali etshaliwe abahlali. Kususelwa izinkomba №№2, 3 no-4 kubalwa ngesilinganiso ukusetshenziswa kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, okuyinto ayizikhombisi ebalulekile izithombe (isilinganiso nokukhula kwe-GDP ukuba izindleko ephelele noma utshalomali)

5) angaphandle ukuhweba ibhalansi - kubonisa esihle kanjani izwe livele eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke, noma ngabe lilethwa isithekelisi net noma ongenisa komkhiqizo.

Kazwelonke-Akhawunti namuhla ithuluzi ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukucabanga isayensi kwezomnotho yesimanje. Olwazini nasekuqondeni izimiso kanye ukubala izinkomba eziyisisekelo Sna luyisisekelo ukuqonda kokubili izinqubo Macro futhi megaekonomicheskih.