Isimo sezulu somhlaba kanye nenkinga yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izingxenye ezishisayo zeRussia

Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu kuqondwa ukubusa kwesikhathi eside isikhathi sezulu noma isimo esimaphakathi somkhathi, isimo sendawo ethile. Ukubonakaliswa kwalo kuqukethe ushintsho oluvamile lokushisa kwemoya, amandla emimoya, imvula, njll.

Umlando wokubukeka

Igama elithi "isimo sezulu" ngesiGreki lisho "umthamo". Ngokwenzuzo yesayensi, lo mbono ukhona iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Kokuqala okukhulunywa ngawo emisebenzini yesazi sezinkanyezi sasendulo saseGrisi uHipparchus. Ngaleli gama usosayensi wazama ukukhombisa ukuthi umthamo womhlaba womhlaba kuya emisebeni ye-Sun yisici esinqumayo ekwakheni izimo zezulu kunoma yikuphi indawo kusuka ku-equator kuya ezigodini.

Impikiswano Yemozulu

Kuncike kulezi zimo noma kwezinye izimo zezulu, kunesimo sokuphila nesingenamuntu. Isimo sezulu sithinta imizimba yamanzi nenhlabathi, izitshalo nezilwane. Izimo zokuphila komphakathi wesintu nemisebenzi yayo yezomnotho zithembeke esimweni somkhathi walesi simo noma indawo. Thatha, isibonelo, ezolimo. Ukutshala kwezitshalo ezitshalwe ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekushiseni kwemoya, imvula nezinye izimo zezulu eziningi.

Isimo sezulu somhlaba sithonya impilo yezilwandle nolwandle, amaxhaphozi namachibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthatha indima eqondile enkambweni yokwakha ukukhululeka. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke izinqubo ezenzeka empilweni yomhlaba wethu zixhomeke esimweni sezulu. Futhi amandla abo, futhi, anqunywa amandla omzimba wasezulwini.

Ithonya leLanga ekubunjweni kwesimo sezulu

Umthombo wokushisa ongena emhlabeni wethu ngumzimba wasezulwini. Kanti, isimo sezulu sesimo sezulu sincike emisebeni yokushisa yelanga esaweni eyodwa noma kwenye indawo. Inani lokushisa elifaka iplanethi yethu liyehla ekuqondeni kusuka e-equator kuya ezigodini. Lokhu kungenxa yenguquko engxenyeni yezimo zemisebe, ngamanye amagama, kuncike ekuhambeni kwezwe.

Umbuso lapho umkhathi ukhona futhi isimo sezulu somhlaba sisondelene kakhulu. Esikhathini ngasinye amabhande ilanga livuselela umoya ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, e-equator, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lifinyelela ezingeni ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa. Indawo ebanda kunazo zonke eMhlabeni yiNingizimu Pole. Lapha izinga lokushisa lokushisa lwenyanga ebanda kunazo zonke yonyaka yizingxenye ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili ngaphansi kwezinga. Yini esingayisho mayelana nomhlaba wonke? Ososayensi baye babala ukuthi phakathi nonyaka izinga lokushisa lokushisa lomoya eduze nomhlaba weplanethi yethu lisezingeni lokushisa okuyishumi nane.

Ukucindezela kwezulu

Lesi simo esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezifaka isimo sezulu seMhlaba. Ngakho-ke, endaweni eseduze nendawo ye-equator, ukucindezela komthamo womoya kunciphile. Lesi simo, esibhekene nomkhathi, senza ukuba kudalwe ukukhuphuka okukhulu. Bakha ama-cumulonimbus amafu, lapho imvula iwa khona. Lesi senzakalo siphindaphindwa nsuku zonke futhi senzeke ngesikhathi iSanga sisezingeni layo.

Ukuthi isimo esimweni esiphezulu nesimo sezulu somhlaba sinokuxhuma okungahlanganiswa nakho ngesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lapha, phakathi kuka-30 no-35 okufanayo, izixuku zomoya zinezingcindezi eziphakeme. Lokhu kuveza ukwakheka kwama-anticyclone asezindaweni eziphansi. Ukunyakaza kwabo kwenziwa ngendlela elandelanayo. Ukujikelezwa okujwayelekile komkhathi walesi sakhiwo kuyisistimu yonke yemifudlana yomoya. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kuma-anticyclones asezindaweni ezishisayo ezibhekene ne-equator, imimoya yokuhweba iqhuma (imimoya eqinile). Kukhona ama-cyclone ashisayo kanye nezimonyo. Okokuqala kulezi zimo ezimbili zicindezela kakhulu, kanye nesivunguvungu nemimoya yesiphepho. Izimonyo zaseTropical zibusa emaphethelweni aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Eurasia, kanye nezindawo zamanzi ezihambisana namaLwandle asePacific naseNdiya. Ezingxenyeni eziphakathi isimo sezulu seMhlaba sithinteka yimimoya yasentshonalanga.

Izinhlobo zemisipha yomoya

Izimpawu zesimo sezulu endaweni ethile zixhomeke kakhulu endaweni lapho izakhiwo zomkhathi ezingaphezu kwawo zakha khona. Ngakho-ke, izixuku zomoya zingakhiwa endaweni ethile noma ngaphezulu kwezilwandle noma amazwekazi. Yingakho izingxenye zomkhathi zihlukaniswa.

Izimbangi ze-air zingaba yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

- i-Antarctic (i-Arctic);

- i-polar (izithambile eziphakeme);

- ezishisayo;

- equator.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi zinhlobo zemisipha yomoya zingaba kokubili olwandle nolwandlekazi.

Isimo sezulu nesimo sezwe

Isimo sezulu kule ndawo noma esifundeni sithonya kakhulu indawo. Amafomu amakhulu, aphezu komhlaba, ayimithi yesimiso. Ivikela insimu emoyeni, nakwezinye izimbangi zomoya. Izithiyo ezinjalo ezithinta isimo sezulu zomhlaba yizintaba. Ngisho noma kwenzeka ukuthi imifudlana yomoya iwadlula, ukulahlekelwa kwemithombo eminingi yomswakama kwenzeka. Lokhu kushintsha kakhulu isimo semimoya. Yingakho izintaba, njengombuso, zikhonza njengomngcele ngemuva kwezinhlobo zezinguquko zesimo sezulu zomhlaba.

Izimo zezulu ezikhethekile zidalwa ngaphakathi kwamatshe. Kule ndawo ayikho ngisho neyodwa, kodwa izimo eziningi ezihlukene. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yiCaucasus. Lapha, izimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu zitholakala esifundeni sezintambo eziseningizimu nasenyakatho, i-upland yase-Armenia, i-Kuro-Araksin ne-Rion eziphansi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe yiziphi izimo zezintaba esizicabangayo, izimo zezulu zizokwenziwa ngokuqondile. Lokhu kukhulunywa ngokukhethekile emhlabathini nasendlaleni yezitshalo, ezimeleleke ezihlukahlukene kusukela ezigodini zehlathi kuze kube yilapho ziqhubekela phambili eqhwaqhweni naseqhweni eliphakade.

Izinkomba zomoya

Imisebe yelanga, ewela eplanethi yethu, ihlukanisa ngokungafani amandla omzimba wasezulwini. Futhi isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuma okuyinkimbinkimbi uMhlaba unayo. Mayelana nalokhu, ososayensi bahlonza izindawo ezinhlanu zezulu noma izindawo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okushisayo, amabili ayenamandla, futhi nawo amabili abandayo.

Ngaphezu kokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwamandla alanga, isimo sezulu seMhlaba sinqunywa ngokusakaza komkhathi. Isibonelo, endaweni ehlangene ngqo ne-equator, i-predominance yemifudlana ekhuphuka emoyeni iyisici. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kukhona ibhande lezulu, imvula ecebile kakhulu. Kukhona izindawo ezinjalo emhlabeni wethu lapho imimoya yokuhweba ithonya khona. Zidalwa ngama-air currents ezansi. Lezi yizindawo lapho izindawo zingenampofu emvula.

Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi indawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-hemispheres ingafakwa ngokwengeziwe ngamabhande amabili. Omunye wabo, ocebile ezimvula, ubizwa ngokuthi i-equatorial. Okwesibili, lapho kunemvula encane, kuthiwa yi-tropical.

Isici esifanayo sesimo sezulu seMhlaba sikhona endaweni epholile. Kukhona amabhande amabili lapha. Omunye wabo usezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho kukhona ukushisa, kodwa kunciphisa kancane. Ibhande lesibili lilinganisa. Kubonakala imvula enamandla kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwemoya.

Indawo ebanda futhi ihluke komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha isimo sezulu se-Arctic, ososayensi banquma ukunikeza amabhande amabili lapha. Enye yazo i-arctic, kanti eyesibili i-subarctic. Eyokuqala iyingozi kakhulu. Ukushisa kwe-air endaweni ye-subarctic, njengomthetho, kungaphansi kwe-zero, ngisho nasezinyangeni ezifudumele zonyaka. Akumangalisi ukuthi le nsimu ibhekwa njengendawo yeqhwa elingunaphakade neqhwa. Ibhande eliphansi lifudumala kancane. Lona yi-zone ye-tundra, lapho ezinyangeni zasehlobo ukushisa kwemoya kungakhuphuka kumakhilomitha ayi-10.

Ngakho, Emhlabeni awukho amahlanu, kodwa amabhande ayishumi nanye. Lezi yizi:

- equatorial 1;

- 2 ezishisayo;

- 2 ama-subtropical;

- 2 ukulinganisela;

- 2 i-subarctic;

- 2 i-arctic.

Imingcele ecacile futhi eqondile phakathi kwalezi zindawo azikho. Lokhu kuthonywa ukunyakaza komnyaka weplanethi yethu, umphumela wawo yizinkathi ezahlukene zonyaka. Indlela yokufunda ngokugcwele izimo zomhlaba? Itafula, elizohlanganiswa ukuze licacise, kufanele libe nezici zendawo ngayinye, njengokushisa kwonyaka, inani lemvula, ukusabalalisa kwendawo, kanye nokwezindawo.

Izingxenye zomoya ezisezweni laseRussia

Izifunda zezwe lethu zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Yingakho izindawo zezulu zaseRussia zihlukene kakhulu. Imephu enesithombe sayo inokwanele ubufakazi obunelisayo. Lapha ungabona izindawo nalezi zindawo zezulu, njenge:

- i-Arctic;

- I-Subarctic;

- ukulinganisela;

- ama-subtropical.

Zikhona yini ezinye izindawo zezulu eRussia? Imephu ithi akukho amabhande ase-equatorial kanye ashisayo ensimini yezwe lakithi.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ezikhathini zamuva, isintu sibhekene nenselele entsha. Ixhunywe neqiniso lokuthi izinguquko zezulu sezulu zenzeka emhlabeni wethu. Ukuthi izinguquko ezitholakala ezimweni zesimo sezulu, ziqinisekiswe ososayensi ngesisekelo sezifundo.

Kodwa-ke, isihloko esithi "Ukuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Sezulu" sisakhuliswa phakathi nezingxoxo eziningi. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iplanethi yethu ilindele ukushisa kwangempela kwe-apocalypse, kuyilapho abanye bebikezela ukufika kwesinye isikhathi seqhwa. Kukhona nombono wokuthi ushintsho sezulu lomhlaba lungaphakathi kwemingcele yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukubikezelwa kwemiphumela eyingozi yale nhlekelele yeplanethi yethu kuyinkinga enkulu.

Ubufakazi bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ukuthi ama-air masses okwamanje afudumala kuze kufike izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liyabonakala ngaphandle kwezinsimbi noma izilinganiso. Namuhla ubusika bube buthaka, futhi izinyanga zasehlobo zibhekene nokushisa nokuma. Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isimo sezulu siyashisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isintu sibhekene neziphepho eziqhumayo neziqhwithi, kanye nesomiso e-Australia nezikhukhula eYurophu. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuqhaqhazela amaqhwaza nokuphakamisa izinga lamanzi eNhlabathi yoMhlaba.

Noma kunjalo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu eMhlabeni akuhlobene njalo nokufudumala. Ngakho-ke, endaweni ye-Antarctic, izinga lokushisa lomoya lonyaka liyancipha.

Izimbangela zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, isici esiyinhloko esithinta ngokuqondile isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu yiLanga. Umsebenzi womzimba wasezulwini ubangelwa iziphepho zamagnetic nokufudumala kwesimo sezulu, okuhambisana nokufudumala okukhulu kwezixuku zomoya.

Kunezinye izizathu zokuguquka okuphawulekile ezimweni zesimo sezulu, okufana nemiphumela yelanga, yizinto ezibalulekile. Ezinye izinguquko ekujikelezeni kweplanethi yethu, insimu yamagnetic yasemhlabeni, ubukhulu bezilwandle namazwekazi, banethonya labo ekushiseni kwesimo sezulu. Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lonyaka lokushisa kwe-air liphinde lenziwe lula ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.

Muva nje, i-anthropogenic ingeziwe ezenzweni zemvelo zeshintsho sezulu. Lokhu kuyimpembelelo ebangelwa imisebenzi yabantu. Isici se-anthropogenic sithuthukisa umphumela wokushisa, okwenza ushintsho lwesimo sezulu izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kunezinguquko ezenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi welanga.

Imiphumela engenzeka yokushisa kwesimo sezulu

Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lonyaka wamabutho omoya kuzokwenza ushintsho empilweni yabanye abameleli bezilwane. Isibonelo salokhu yizimpawu, amabhere we-polar nama-penguin. Kuzodingeka bashintshe indawo yabo ngemuva kokunyamalala kweqhwa le-polar. Kodwa-ke, labo abameleli bezilwane ngeke babonise isimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinkinga zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu zizobathinta ezinye izilwane eziningi. Bangakwazi nje ukushabalalisa ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha. Ikusasa elifanayo lilindele kanye nomhlaba wesitshalo. Ngokusho kososayensi, ukushisa kwembulunga yonke, okwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-250 edlule, kubangela ukunyamalala kwamaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu azo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngesilinganiso somhlaba wonke kuzobangela ukushintshwa kwemingcele yemvelo enyakatho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzobangela iziphepho nezikhukhula, ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa namanzi wamanzini, kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa kwehlobo.

Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuzobathinta abantu. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukucabanga mayelana nokuvela kwezinkinga ngamanzi okuphuza kanye nolimo, kanye nokwanda kwenani lezifo ezithathelwanayo. Inkinga enkulu kakhulu kulindeleke emazweni ampofu kakhulu, okungenani asekulungele ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqeda imiphumela yokufudumala. Yonke imiphumela yezizukulwane zangaphambilini izobe isongelwa. Emaphethelweni endlala kungenzeka kube ngabantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha.

Ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu kuzobangela ukuqubuka kwama-glaciers, okuzoholela ekukhuleni kwamanzi amanzi olwandle kanye nokukhukhula kweziqhingi ezincane. Ezindaweni zasogwini, kunjalo, izikhukhula zenzeka njalo. Lokhu kuzoholela ekushabalaleni kweDenmark, eNetherlands kanye nengxenye yeJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngemuva kokushisa komhlaba, isikhathi sokupholisa umhlaba singase senzeke.

Yiqiniso, konke lokhu kuyisimo kuphela, okubikezelwa ososayensi. Kodwa-ke, isintu kufanele sicabange ngekusasa layo futhi sinciphise umthelela omubi eplanethi yethu. Ingozi kungcono ukuba i-overestimated kunezinganakwa.