Isiqu yokwelapha cell: izici futhi ukusebenza

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule, izinga yentuthuko imithi ifinyelele engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme. Oholela odokotela zezwe waqala ukuqhuba ekunqandeni yokwelapha cell. Kuze kube manje, ngosizo ubuchwepheshe amaselula ekusindiseni amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu futhi kakhulu ekudambiseni isimo leziguli izifo ezingelapheki.

Isiqu amaseli - kuyini?

Lokhu cell isici kuyinto "amabhlogo wokwakha" ka wonke umzimba. Kuyinto komunye kuhlukane stem cells (zygote) iqala ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano umzimba womuntu.

Umphumela yimpumelelo yokwelapha lwama-stem cell ngenxa sici wabo wokuzihlonipha sokuvuselela nokuthuthukiswa. Ngemva sokuhlukanisa ezimbili izinhlobo amaseli akhiwa: agcinwayo izakhiwo zalo (hhayi zabhekana ushintsho) futhi uguqulwe amaseli kwezicubu eziyishumi nemitshingo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanye amaseli zihlale ekunqandeni, abanye uzozala umzimba omusha ukwakha.

Stem amaseli abathwali ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo futhi banesibopho inqubo ukuvuselelwa emzimbeni. Kuze kube manje, sasiqhuba izifundo, okuyinto basikisela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ekunqandeni yokwelapha iseli bazokwazi ukuletha abantu izifo ezinzima ukuthi akukwazi isenzo kwemithi kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Lapho kukhona khona isidumbu

Umzimba womuntu angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 njalo okuvuselela stem cells.

Imithombo main main "amabhlogo wokwakha" yilezi:

• Igazi umzanyana. Iqukethe inani elikhulu stem cells. Biomaterial azigcina impahla yayo engu-20, lesi sikhathi-ke ibekwe ibe isitoreji ekhethekile. Ukuze usebenzise le sevisi, abazali kufanele asayine isivumelwano ne Bank of stem cells ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli we enkabeni intambo igazi ube biocompatibility engcono, okungukuthi. E. Ingabe kufanelekile ukufakelwa, noma ngabe ngubani onolwazi.

• Red umnkantsha - indawo kwasendaweni stem cells e umuntu omdala. Wokubhoboza wenziwa kocingo biomaterial, kusukela lapho entsha stem cells etshalwa enziwe kabusha ukuba indoda.
• Brain. Ukuba ngezinga eliphezulu ukuguqulwa of stem cells ebuchosheni alisetshenziswa umkhuba emtholampilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuphelele ezidingekile isizinda sabo ukubhubhisa ingqondo.
• Myocardium. Stem cells etholakala kulo, engakaze wayekwenza.
• Isikhumba. ekunqandeni umthombo yeseli njengeyunithi embungwini e-omdala. Amaseli behlukene esikhumbeni, asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukulapha noma isiphi ukusha degree.
• Omnkantsha stroma. Amaseli abe nekhono okusezingeni eliphezulu ukulungisa kwezicubu ezilimele futhi izitho ngokushesha ngemva ukufakelwa. inzuzo yabo eyinhloko - Amathuba ongaphakeme yezinkinga emva ukufakelwa.
• impahla Abortativny. Stem maseli behlukene umbungu at isisu. Emazweni amaningi, le nqubo akuvunyelwe.
• Imbewana ngesonto lokuqala kwengane esiswini. Ithola ama-stem cell-embryo eRussia uvinjelwe ngokomthetho, kuthathwa njengenhlangano yokungena ukuphila kwengane ayikahlanganiswa ozalwa.

Ifa ngezinga eliphakeme lomsebenzi-embryonic stem cells, nabo kwenziwe ukufakelwa izihlobo eziseduze. Amaseli aphuma womuntu omdala utshalwe kuphela kuye futhi babe umsebenzi ephansi iqhathaniswa ne-embryonic.

Kanjani basebenza

Umonakalo kancane egazini ama-stem cell zilethwa esizeni ukunqotshwa uqale inqubo ukuvuselelwa.

Nge lemali yabo kuyehla unyaka nonyaka, futhi umzimba ukuguga. Ngo-fetus esibelethweni ayizinkulungwane 10 amaseli siguqulwe kudingekile ekunqandeni 1, futhi eminyakeni engaba ngu-60-70 - kumaseli 8 million.

Ukuqeda inombolo enkulu izifo kubantu kuthathwe biomaterial kuyiphi amaseli stem zigqanyisiwe. Banda ngaphandle kwesibeletho futhi utshalwe emuva ku-umzimba womuntu.

Intuthuko imithi kwamangqamuzana ngakho yesiteleka avumela amangqamuzana oqondile asebenzayo emzimbeni oyifunayo, kunonophisa luhlelo yokutakula.

Yini izifo sibhekane

Stem maseli wayithola iphumelela ekwelapheni:

• ukulimala asebuchosheni nomgogodla;
• ukusha of kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
• iziyaluyalu zenhliziyo;
• amaningi izifo igazi;
• immunodeficiency;
• imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekwelapheni umdlavuza.

Okwamanje, zokwelapha lwenziwa ukuze kukhonjwe stem ukwelashwa cell lwemithi iziyaluyalu neuropsychiatric, isibindi namaphaphu, ephansi esitho ischemia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela iye yasebenza kahle izimonyo. izinkinga dermatological ingelapheka ngempumelelo nge-stem cell, kumpendulo yekhasimende emva inkambo ukwelashwa babenogqozi: fade izibazi esikhumbeni, induna, yobudala izindawo; isikhumba obukeka engumqemane, bushelelezi futhi uzilungise.

ushintsho olumayelana nohlelo ubudala futhi amenable ekwelashweni - isikhumba iba nokunwebeka, imibimbi bushelelezi.

Amazwe usebenzisa ama-stem cell

kwezobuchwepheshe yeselula izifundo ezidinga imali eningi kuhulumeni. Sikhishwe ukuhlobana ukuhlolwa, amakhanda abaningi uthi uzimisele ukwaba izimali sokuthuthukiswa kule ndawo.

Kuze kube manje, lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngempumelelo isicelo stem cells ekwelapheni izifo eziningi, yilezi:

• US.
• Israyeli.
• Switzerland.
• South Korea.
• China.
• Japan.
• Russia.

Emhlabeni wonke, kuye ngokomthetho ezingaphezu kuka-200 intambo igazi amabhange.

Isiqu ukwelashwa iseli Russia

Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukulandela ukwelashwa lwama-stem cell eMoscow.

Esinye sezifo esikhohlisayo kakhulu ezikhathini zanamuhla, kunzima ukuphendula yokwelapha esezingeni - Sclerosis Multiple; ekunqandeni ukwelashwa iseli eMoscow lesi sifo wenziwa Russian umtholampilo stem cells ngoba 2003. Ngu inani leziguli emtholampilo ungumholi ecacile.

ukuphathwa Sihloko multiple sclerosis zihlobane ngendlela nanini - akukho izidakamizwa ekhona awukwazi ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Okuhle kakhulu, ngcono okwesikhashana bungatholakala ngosizo imithi. Ngokuphindaphindiwe baba nomhlangano e Moscow - ekwelapheni multiple sclerosis ne-stem cell ziye waqaphela njengoba indlela engcono lokuvimbela izifo.

Ngaphezu imitholampilo amakhulu, ekunqandeni amaseli amasentha amakhulu isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo eRussia:

• "Contemporary Medicine", eMoscow.
• Umtholampilo we Haematology futhi Cell Ukwelashwa. A. A. Maksimova, eMoscow.
• "Basil", eSt Petersburg.

izindleko

Inani ukwelashwa lwama-stem cell kuncike kuzwe, imitholampilo, kanye ukukhathazeka isiguli. ERussia, intengo zokhahlamba kusuka 300-600 eziyinkulungwane. Ruble, kungenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi komsebenzi, kodwa futhi amathuba yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma elashwe ejwayelekile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ama-stem cell - hhayi panacea for zonke izifo. Okwamanje, ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka umphumela ongcono kuka ukwelashwa ezivamile. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ucwaningo kule ndawo, letitawuba lusito ekutfutfukiseni indlela stem yokwelapha cell izifo ezingelapheki namuhla.