Isoamylalcohol

Linganisa utshwala monohydric, omunye isomers eziyisishiyagalombili pentanol, - ke isoamyl utshwala (chemical ifomula - C5H11OH, okunengqondo - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, futhi enokwehla - C5H12O). Igama esihleliwe izidakamizwa - 3-methylbutanol-1. Namanye amagama - isopentanol (Isopentanol) kanye izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Utshwala izinyo lomhlathi mass kulingana 88,148 g / Mol. Ngokubukeka kubuhlungu-kamnandi, ecacile, uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle ngiyiphi elula khulu ukwedlula amanzi. I kwabantu of ketshezi oluhlanzekile ngawo 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol liyancibilika ezingeni lokushisa lokususa 117,2 ° C plus abilayo at 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl utshwala ingenye isomers ezintathu amyl utshwala, okuyizinto kancane kangcono ukwedlula bonke abanye bavela e amanzi encibilikayo. solubility lwayo emanzini kuyinto 28 g / l. Exutshwe acetone, diethyl elithi ether, ethanol, benzene, i-chloroform, acetic acid (glacial). Dynamic viscosity utshwala kuyinto 3.692 MPA • s. Isopentanol kuyinto into umlilo ingozi (lolu ketshezi oluvuthayo). imikhawulo alufakwa 1,2-9% wayo, flash iphuzu - 42 ° C plus, autoignition - plus 350 ° C.

Isopentanol iyona ingxenye main lamafutha fusel (kwakheka it is enkulu ekwakhekeni ethanol), futhi okuyindawo ibhalwe. ukukhiqizwa Utshwala amasu liqukethe amalahle impahla eluhlaza ukususa ukukhanya semikhawulweni (kuqala azeotrope distilled Ethanol-amanzi, khona-ke nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa-butanol ukuthi distilled wayokulwa azeotrope amanzi). Ukushisa ezengeziwe i evaporator ivumela ukwaba utshwala isoamyl, kanye asele ezisalayo esindayo uthunyelwa liphuphe. Ngokushintsha nemingcele inqubo (lokushisa, njll) elawulwa izinga umkhiqizo wokugcina. Umphumela isopentanol nge ingxenyenamba mass 3-methylbutanol-1 kuya ku-99,0% (GOST 5830-79) noma 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

Ephambi kwezinduna kulethe, elisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso sulfuric acid, utshwala isoamyl ihlangana glacial acetic acid. I kwesibalo kungenziwa yalotshwa njengezingoma zohlobo oluthile ezilandelayo: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela unamagama amabili: Fischer ukuphendula noma esterification ukuphendula. Umphumela kuyinto ester (isoamyl acetate) namanzi. I-esidi ion exchange resin ingasetshenziswa njengendlela kulethe esikhundleni sulfuric acid. acetate Isoamyl kuyinto ukunambitheka yokufakelwa, esetshenziswa ukwenza ukudla ukunambitheka banana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza njengomPristi kuphela ngoba nitrocellulose lacquers abanye abasebenzisi (ama-pheromone) ukuheha namaqembu amakhulu izinyosi endaweni encane. Ngokusebenzisa okukhulu iphunga elimnandi kanye ubuthi ongaphakeme, acetate isoamyl isetshenziswa ukuvivinya ukusebenza kwe-respirators noma buso.

utshwala Isoamyl buyisidakamizwa, kuba anobuthi. evala bakhona kuyacasula nolwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana yokuphefumula, okubangela ukukhwehlela futhi dyspnea. Kuyinto elimazayo uma kugwinywe noma imuncwe. Kungadala sezinzwa uhlelo ukucindezeleka. Ngokwengxenye enkulu uhlushwa utshwala poisoning ohlelweni sezinzwa, amaphaphu namehlo, isikhumba. Isikhathi eside noma okuphindiwe naye kuholela isikhumba ukoma futhi degreasing. Ngenxa kokungenisa kwenzeka ukucasuka emathunjini ne isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa yisisu. Hit kuye emaphashini okubangela chemical pneumonitis ngomphumela ebulalayo. umphumela iNarcotic kwenzeka zikhala ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, isisulu angase awele equlekile.

Uma isoamyl utshwala singena amehlo akho, zingabantu isikhathi eside (imizuzu okungenani 15), sihlanzwe amanzi amaningi futhi ufune usizo lwabezokwelapha. Lapho lingena esikhumbeni, lezi zingxenye nazo ngamanzi. Khumula izingubo enobuthi futhi izicathulo. Uma ukuluma Kutfutfukisa iqhubeka, bese afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Nezingubo phambi yokusetshenziswa kabusha ngempela ukusula. Uma kugwinywe, uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Musa ntombazane ukuhlanza ngaphandle uma kunqunywa ukuthi senze njalo ngokusho nabezokwelapha. Umuntu equlekile, ungalokothi uphonse lutho ngomlomo. Uma ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngokwemvelo, isisulu ukuncika phambili. Uma ushevu ngazimbili isoamyl utshwala isiguli imenze emoyeni opholile. Uma engasaphefumuli, le CPR. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima ukunikeza umoya-mpilo. athole usizo lwezokwelapha liyadingeka! Udokotela sinquma impatho lingaze futhi basekelane.