Iyini indaba yokubhala: incazelo, izibonelo

Kancane kancane, indaba yezincwadi yaba yindlela ephelele yokuqamba amanga. Namuhla lolu hlobo luyinto yonke, lubonisa izimo zeqiniso elizungezile, izinkinga zalo, impumelelo, impumelelo nokuhluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxhumeka kwe-folklore kuye kwasala okufanayo, okungaxhunyiwe. Ngakho-ke, ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi indaba yombhalo iyini.

Incazelo

Okokuqala, sizochaza: indaba yezinganekwane yindaba yomlando elandelwa abantu, ekhuluma ngezenzakalo eziqanjiwe namaqhawe. Ngokuvame ukubandakanya izenzakalo ezimnandi nezomlingo.

Manje siyazi ukuthi indaba yombhalo ingubani.

Kuyinto uhlobo lokulandisa nge indaba fantastic noma imilingo eyenzeka ezweni langempela noma imilingo lapho bobabili abalingiswa zangempela futhi fictional angenza . Umbhali angakwazi ukuphakamisa izinkinga zokuziphatha, ezenhlalakahle, ezokuzijabulisa zomlando nezanamuhla.

Izincazelo zifanayo, kodwa okwesibili, ngokuphathelene nomlando wezincwadi, kukhona ukuqinisekiswa okunye nokulungiswa. Zihlobene nezinhlobo zamaqhawe nesithuba, kanye nomlobi nezinkinga zomsebenzi.

Izici zendaba yokubhala

Manje sibhala izici eziyinhloko zengqondo yokubhala:

• Kubonisa ubuhle be-aesthetics nokubuka kwezwe ngesikhathi sakhe.
• Ukubolekisa kusukela kumlando womuntu wabalingiswa, izithombe, iziqephu, izici zolimi kanye nezinkondlo.
• Inhlanganisela yezinganekwane kanye neqiniso.
• Izwe elibi kakhulu.
• Kukhona ukuqala komdlalo.
• Isifiso sokwenza izingqondo ngezingqondo.
• Isimo somlobi sisho.
• Ukuhlola komphakathi okwenzekayo.

Indaba yezintatheli zabantu

Iyini indaba yokubhala, ihluke kanjani kumlando wabantu? Indaba yomlobi yombhali ibhekwa njengehlobo oluye lwafaka umlando wezinkondlo nemibhalo. Wakhula emculweni, eguqula futhi eguqula umehluko wakhe wohlobo. Singasho ukuthi indaba yomlando yavela encwadini yokubhala.

Indaba yamathekisthi idlulisa uchungechunge lwezigaba kuze kube yilapho isuswa emthonjeni wokuqala - inganekwane. Sibabala ngokulandelana kwebanga:

1. Umlando olula wezinganekwane.
2. Ukucubungula kwamarekhodi ezindaba zabantu.
3. Ukubuyisela inganekwane ngombhali.
4. Ematheksthini omlobi wombhali, ifomu langaphakathi lihlukile kumlando wezinkanyezi, futhi izakhi zezinhlamvu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhloso zomlobi.
5. Amacebo nokubhala - imisebenzi yabo ihlotshaniswa nendlela yokufundisa.
6. Umbhalo wezinkondlo usuqhelile kude neziqephu ezilandelwayo ze-folkloric, izithombe. Inkulumo nesitayela sezindaba ezinjalo kuseduze nesiko lokubhala.

Yimaphi amasiko womlando wezinganekwane zombhalo

Iyini indaba yokubhala? Lokhu, njengoba sesishilo kakade, kuyinhlanganisela yombhalo kanye nomlando. Ngakho-ke, ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, sizobona ukuthi yiliphi ifa lomuntu elizuze njengefa kusukela encwadini yokubhala.

Abalobi bavame ukuthatha izintandokazi zendatshana. Isibonelo:

• Imvelaphi yobuciko noma ukuzalwa komlingisi oyinhloko;
• Ukungathandeki komama wakhe wesimama kuya kumzala wakhe;
• Izivivinyo zeqhawe ziphethe isimilo sokuziphatha;
• Izilwane ezihlengwe eziba ngabasizi beqhawe, njll.

Abalobi baxhaphaza izithombe-zezinhlamvu zamagama , ezinikezwe imisebenzi ethile. Isibonelo:

• I hero elihle.
• Umsizi weqhawe elihle.
• Lowo othumela iqhawe endleleni.
• Umnikezeli wezinto zobuciko.
• Lowo ohlukumeza iqhawe elihle futhi eliphazamisa ukugcwaliseka kwekhomishini.
• Uhlamvu olubiwe noma into.
• Iqhawe lamanga ngumuntu ozama ukuthatha izinyathelo zomunye umuntu.

Isikhathi nesikhathi sezwe lezintambo zivame ukwakhiwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho yombhalo. Lona indawo enhle kakhulu engakapheli, kodwa isikhathi siyancipha, siphuthuma, sinemilingo futhi asiboleki emithethweni yeqiniso. Isibonelo: Isiqhingi saseBujan; Umbuso ode kakhulu, isimo sama-30; Kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani; Ngokushesha indaba yezinganekwane iyathinta, kodwa ayikwenziwa okwesikhashana.

Ukuzama ukuletha izindaba zabo eduze kwabantu, abalobi basebenzisa indlela yenkulumo yezinkondlo zezilimi: izingcaphuno, ukuphindaphindiwe kathathu, izilimi, izaga, amazwi, njll.

Ukuphendukela kumasiko omuntu, sakwazi ukuphendula ukuthi yiyiphi indaba yokubhala ngokuhambisana nomlando. Manje ake sicabangele enye ingxenye yendaba yethu yokubhala inganekwane - incwadi yokubhala, bese uzama ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukude okuvela emalini abantu.

Iyini indaba yokubhala futhi ihluke kanjani kubantu

Izibonelo kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwamatheksthi ezemibhalo nezindabuko zisenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa inani lokuhlukana kwabo.

Indaba yombhali ihlale ibhalwe, ifomu layo alishintshi. Ngenkathi i-folklore idluliselwa emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni, futhi umlandeli wezindaba ngamunye anganezela into ethile noma ayisuse ngokuthanda.

Indaba yokubhala ibonakala ngokumelela kwayo. Umbhali uzama ngokuningiliziwe ukuze achaze indawo, izenzakalo, enze izinhlamvu zifinyelele eduze kweqiniso, ukuze umfundi akholwe okwenzekayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, uyini indaba yokubhala, hhayi i-psychology yamaqhawe? Umlobi uzama ukuhlola izwe elingaphakathi lomlingisi, ukukhombisa okuhlangenwe nakho. Ngakho, uPushkin e "Tsar Saltan", echaza umhlangano weqhawe nomkakhe nendodana yakhe, uchaza: "I-zabilis yishisekayo ... umoya owenza kuyo inkosi yaqala ukukhala izinyembezi." Ezingqungqutheleni, lokhu akutholakali.

U-Ershov, u-Pushkin, u-Odoyevsky nabanye abalobi-abadlali bezindaba badlulisa abalingiswa babo isici esiphelele. Lezi azizona nje amaqhawe, isici sezinkolelo, basabantu abaphila ngokugcwele abanesifiso, okuhlangenwe nakho, ukuphikisana. Ngisho noDeveli e-"Tale of Balda" I-Pushkin inikeza uhlamvu olungumntwana olungenangqondo.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wezindaba zombhalo

Iyini indaba yokubhala? Izimpendulo zalo mbuzo zitholakala emibhalweni yomsebenzi wokubhala. Kuthiwa ngendlela ecacile isikhundla somlobi. Emlandweni wezinganekwane, ubonakala ngokuhlola, izimo zengqondo ngokuqondene nalokho okwenzekayo, okulula ukuziqagela, yimuphi wabalingiswa umlobi ozwelana naye, ongamthandi noma ohleka usulu. Ngakho-ke, echaza umpristi, ukwesaba kwakhe nokuhaha okungokwemvelo, uPushkin uhleka usulu lokhu.

Umbhalo wezincwadi uzohlale ubonisa umbono womlobi wezwe, umbono wakhe wokuphila nemibono. Sizobona umbhali, izifiso zakhe, amanani, izwe elingokomoya, izifiso. Emlandweni wezinganekwane, kuphela imibono namagugu abantu bonke abangabonakaliswa, ubuntu bomlandeli kuyo kuzosulwa.

Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umlando wombhalo ngomqondo wakudala? Lona ukuhlanganiswa kobunikazi bomlando kanye namasiko abantu.

Imvelaphi yendaba yezinganekwane

Izimpande zendaba yokubhala zibuyela emuva ezindala. Kukhona indaba eqoshiwe yaseGibhithe yabazalwane ababili, ekhulwini le-13. BC. E. Kulesi sigameko kukhona nezinkomba zezihloko zezinganekwane, isibonelo, emjikelezweni waseBabiloni mayelana neGilgamesh, phakathi kwabase-Asiriya - emlandweni ngo-Ahikar, ngesiGreki-i-Iliad ne-Odyssey.

Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, indaba yokubhala yayisetshenziswa isonto, iguqule ibe ngumzekeliso. Lesi siko sagcinwa kuze kube sekhulwini le-XIX.

I-Age of the Renaissance ithathe izakhi zezinganekwane ezincwadini, zizisebenzisela ukwakha izakhi ezisekelwe phansi kanye nezenzalo.

Ukuvela kwendaba yokubhala

Kodwa kuphela ngekhulu le-XVIII. Indaba yokubhala yaba yinto yokuzimela yobuciko, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yentshiseko ye-Romantic kanye namasiko abantu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi indaba yombhalo, yiziphi izibonelo okufanele zithathwe kuCharles Perrault no-A. Gallan eYurophu noMnu Chulkov eRussia.

Ekhulwini le-XIX. Ukuthandwa kwendabuko yendaba yokunyusa. Lolu hlobo lubhekiswe kuGoethe, Chamisso, Tick, Edgar Poe, Hoffmann, Andersen. Izincwadi zesiRussia zalesi sikhathi nazo zicebile ezindabeni zezinganekwane. Lona nguVi Zhukovsky, A. Pushkin, uN. Gogol, A. Tolstoy, nabanye.

Izindabakwane zePushkin

Iyini indaba yokubhala? Incazelo esinikeze ngenhla ngokuphelele iveza indaba ye-A.S. I-Pushkin. Ekuqaleni, abazange bathembele ezinganeni, kodwa ngokushesha bazitholela embuthanweni wokufunda kwezingane. Amagama alezi zindaba ayaziwa kithi kusukela ebuntwaneni:

• "I-Tale ye-Tsar Saltan".
• "Umlando womPristi noMsebenzi Wakhe uBalda."
• "Umlando Womdobi Nenhlanzi".
• "Umlando WeNdlovukazi Efile kanye Neziqhawe ezingu-7."
• "I-Tale ye-Golden Cockerel."

Zonke lezi zindaba zinexhumano lobuqambi nabantu. Ngakho, "I-Tale yaseBalda" isikhumbuza indaba yomlando "Batrak Shabarsh". "KuMdobi Nenhlanzi" - "Owesifazane Omdala Onobugovu", orekhodi lakhe lunikezwe imbongi engu-VI Dal, umqoqo owaziwayo wezingoma. "I-Tale yaseSaltan" iseduze nezinganekwane "Ngezingane Ezinhle". I-Pushkin ibonwe ngezindlela zobuciko obungapheli nezihloko zezincwadi. Ngakho-ke, inganekwane yombongi ingcono kunanoma iyiphi incazelo ingaphendula umbuzo walokho indaba yokubhala.

Isifingqo "sezinganekwane mayelana nompristi nesisebenzi sakhe Balde"

Cabangela enye yezinganekwane zePushkin. Okubalulekile kwalesi sihloko ekuthunjweni yizinceku zebandla, ukukhohlisa abantu. Izimfanelo zabantu zihlekwa usulu: ubuwula, ukuhaha nobuzenzisi. Ngenxa yokuhaha, umpristi uthatha isinqumo sokuqasha inceku yakhe ipenny, ozokwenza umsebenzi onzima. Ubuwula buyamphoqa ukuba avumelane nesiphakamiso sikaBalda. Kodwa ngendlela yokubheka upapa, ukukhohlisa nokufutheka kuvusa - unquma ukuchitha isisebenzi.

Indaba yezinganekwane ayishicilelwanga kuleli fomu, ama-censors ashintshe umpristi ku-Dustcastler. Kodwa isisekelo salesi sici sasilokhu silingana - waqhubeka eklolodela amacebo abantu.

Kule ndaba, njengabanye, iPushkin idala abalingiswa abaphelele ngokwengqondo. Umbhali ngamunye unikezwe uhlamvu nobuntu bakhe. Futhi ulimi, nakuba imbongi, luyiseduze nabantu ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Pushkin ihlale isifiso sokushiya evesini lezincwadi ezithokozelayo into ethile elula, eguquguqukayo, mahhala. Zonke lezi zimfanelo azikwazi ukuthola ezithombeni zobuciko.

Ngakho-ke, indaba yombhali inomlando ocebile wezokuthuthukiswa, iyisifaniso esiyingqayizivele somlando nomsebenzi womlobi futhi iyaqhubeka ithuthukisa kuze kube yilolu suku.