Iyini inzuzo? inzuzo isakhiwo, ukuhlela yayo, ukwabiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa ezimweni ezimakethe

Inkulumo lwezezimali we ingxenye eyinhloko ukonga, okuyinto manje kudala zonke izinhlobo impahla, limelela inzuzo. isakhiwo inzuzo ihlanganisa yi izuzwe ngezithukuthuku ibhizinisi lenkampani kanye inzuzo ngokwayo kulokhu isilinganiso esinjalo, okuyinto ngokucacile kakhulu ibonisa nekusebenta inqubo ukukhiqizwa futhi ikhwalithi ivolumu imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa, ezingeni izindleko kanye jikelele umkhiqizo zabasebenzi. Yingakho kudingeka siyiqonde ukuthi iyini, ukuthi lizinga futhi zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.

Kuyini lokhu?

Omunye izinkomba ezibalulekile kakhulu uhlelo nokuhlola ibhizinisi yenkampani, kuba inzuzo. isakhiwo inzuzo ivumela ukuze sithole imali ngoba ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi okuhloswe ngaso intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye kwesayensi-technical ibhizinisi, kanye ukunwetshwa abasebenzi kwabasebenzi. Kuyadingeka ukuba bakuqonde ngokunembile, ukuthi hhayi kuphela ungumthombo epulazini ukuhlinzeka izidingo ezihlukahlukene inkampani, kodwa futhi kancane kancane uthola okubaluleke ngokwengeziwe kwetinhlavu zonke izinsiza kwesabelomali kungenzeka, kanye nezimali charitable non-kwesabelomali.

Uyini isakhiwo?

inzuzo isakhiwo - indlela ukukhiqiza amabhizinisi engenayo. Kuhlanganisa: imali, nesilinganiso, ukukhiqizwa, eziseceleni cwe, umnikelo elawulwa ukuze inzuzo, futhi inzuzo inetha.

umgomo oyinhloko

Imibandela yokusebenza of ubudlelwano emakethe, inkampani ngayinye kufanele silwele njalo ukwandisa inzuzo yabo siqu. isakhiwo inzuzo kufanele kube isamba yokuthi iyongenza inkampani isikhundla ezinzile kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukugcina yokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo emakethe, kodwa futhi ukuze kufezeke lwekutfutfukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza izimo ezikhona wokuncintisana.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi iyiphi inkampani phambi ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla Okunqumayo indlela zithembiso ngenzuzo kakhulu nokufezeka kwentando izinqubo ezithile. Kule ndaba, singasho ukuthi umsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yebhizinisi kanye, isimiso, ukuphela kwayo kuba inzuzo. isakhiwo inzuzo kuhilela imali njengoba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, futhi kumele anikezwe ngezindleko sakugcina ngokunamathela austerity esiphezulu e kokuchitha imali nokusebenzisa kwabo ephumelela kunazo.

Umthombo oyinhloko lokonga imali ibhizinisi kuyinto ukuqhutshwa etholakele ukuthengiswa umkhiqizo, kodwa kunalokho, ikakhulukazi leyo ngxenye lapho uhlala ngesikhathi kubanjwe u izinsiza ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa okwengeziwe kwezimpahla.

AmaFanktjhini ne-essence kwezomnotho

Ngokuvamile, isimo inzuzo ibhizinisi umehluko phakathi izimali kanye nezindleko.

Ezingeni ibhizinisi ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza of ubudlelwano lezimpahla-imali, imali net uthatha uhlobo inzuzo, kanti izinkampani lezimpahla emakethe isinyathelo abakhiqizi njengoba kuqhathaniswa elingalodwa imikhiqizo lezimpahla. Ngokubeka ngentengo ethize ku umkhiqizo ayo, baze bathengise ke ukuqeda abasebenzisi, kuyilapho kokuthola ukuqhutshwa ngesimo imali, kodwa akusho inzuzo.

Ukuze isakhiwo inzuzo lalakhiwa ibhizinisi kanye ukusetha yi ecacile yezezimali, Amaholo kufanele kuqhathaniswa izindleko esabelwe ukukhiqizwa futhi yokuthengisa, ngoba ukumela izindleko isamba umkhiqizo othize. Kuphela ngemva kwalezi izibalo Kwakuseshwa, sizokwazi ukucacisa inzuzo yomsebenzi wabo. Uma ngenzuzo umthamo omkhulu njengoba kuqhathaniswa ne izindleko, kanti umphumela zezimali ubonisa ukuthi ngempela kubonakala isakhiwo esithile inzuzo yenkampani. Ngakho, wonke umuntu uzama ukufeza le umphumela.

Usomabhizinisi ngokuhlaziya isakhiwo inzuzo, ukuzenza umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuthola lemali engenayo net, kodwa eqinisweni akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufeza lokhu. Uma ngenzuzo cishe ulingana izindleko, lithi ekugcineni Kwatholakala kuphela ukuze sivale lapho sisilela izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye izindleko zokusebenza wale mikhiqizo. Lapho ukuhlaziywa inzuzo isakhiwo imibukiso ukuthi izindleko idlule ukuqhutshwa, khona-ke kuphakamisa ukuthi umsebenzi inkampani okungukuthi wokulahlekelwa imali, futhi lifinyelele omubi wezimali yalokho, futhi ekugcineni sonke ezifana imisebenzi Ayikwazanga sibhebhetheka ibe full ezikweletini.

IMITHETHO ukudayiswa kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo umehluko phakathi ukuqhutshwa wathola emva ukudayiswa noma yiziphi izimpahla futhi izindleko umkhiqizo, okubandakanya izintela izindleko adingekayo ukuze nokuqaliswa kwalo futhi ukukhiqiza. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi ukuhlaziywa isakhiwo kanye namandla okubakhona inzuzo ungentiwa ekulungiseleleni yengeniso lenkampani emva ukuqaliswa imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngamanani okuyinto akhiwa ngesisekelo ukunikezela funa. Ngesikhathi imali efanayo okwedlulele, okungukuthi izimali yokuthengisa lokususa izindleko ezidingekayo kuwuhlobo inzuzo inetha.

Ukukhiqizwa ngaphezulu engabizi inhlangano ethile, ngcono imiphumela sizobonisa ukuhlaziya isakhiwo kanye namandla okubakhona engenayo futhi efanele, esitebeleni more iyoba isimo yenkampani zezimali. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi umsebenzi kufanele ucwaningelwe uxhumano oseduze kakhulu ukusetshenziswa nokudayiswa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.

Inani inzuzo

Isakhiwo inzuzo kwezomnotho inikeza eziningi izici zayo:

• Umthelela kwezomnotho, okuyinto etholakala ngokuhamba beqhuba imisebenzi inkampani ethile.
• Umsebenzi sikhuthazo. Inzuzo kuwumphumela kokubili zezimali kanye Isakhi esiyinhloko iMali kwanoma iyiphi inkampani. Ilungiselelo langempela self ngezimali isimiso ekhona kunqunywa ngokuphelele umholo.
• Umthombo kumiswa amabhajethi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene.

Kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono, inzuzo kuyinto inkomba jikelele ezomnotho ibhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki indlela yawo ubunikazi.

izinhlobo

Namuhla isinqumo ukwaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo - i inzuzo yezomnotho lezimali. Izindleko umehluko phakathi lemali engenayo kanye ezidingekayo izindleko zokukhiqiza (lapha kuhlanganisa bangaphandle zangaphakathi), kuyilapho ezimali umehluko etholwe phakathi lemali engenayo kanye nezindleko ahlukahlukene zangaphandle.

I ezimali umkhuba kwenzuzo oyiyo inikeza eziningana izinkomba ezifanele, njenge:

• nebhalansi inzuzo;
• inzuzo etholakale ngokudayiswa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi, izimpahla kanye nemisebenzi;
• inzuzo kwamanye ukugcwaliseka;
• imali encane yentela;
• Imiphumela yezimali ekungalayishweni yokuthengisa imisebenzi;
• inzuzo inetha.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa

Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo imali ke sihlinzekela ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa njengenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhizinisi, njengoba ikuvumela ukuba amboze izidingo usomabhizinisi, kanye ukukhiqiza izimali zikahulumeni.

ukwabelana indlela kufanele abunjwe ukuze unikeze konke okusemandleni akho ukuba ezandisa nekusebenta izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Njengoba isikhungo ukusatshalaliswa ukhonza ibhalansi imali ibhizinisi, okusho ukuthi isakhiwo yokuthengisa inzuzo, futhi ngaphansi ukusatshalaliswa wakhe isiqondiso kwakuhilelani kwesabelomali, kanye isicelo lwezihloko ezihlukahlukene inkampani.

izimiso

Izimiso eziyisisekelo ngokuhambisana lapho ukusatshalaliswa inzuzo, kungenziwa zavela ngale ndlela:

• engenile yinkampani ngenxa ezenziwa ezimbonini, ezomnotho kanye zezimali, abiwa phakathi isimo, futhi manje njengoba i entity kwezomnotho;
• engenayo State ithunyelwa amabhajethi kufaneleko, okufana izintela nezimali, okuyinto izinga ayikwazi ukushintshwa ezinqumela, kanye nesakhiwo kanye entela, kanye nenqubo ekubaleni yabo isabelomali kufanele isungulwe umthetho osebenzayo;
• inzuzo ingqikithi ibhizinisi, okuyinto uhlala elaliyifa lakhe ngemva izintela okumele ikhokhwe, akufanele kuncishiswe ugqozi okunye ukunyusa ivolumu zokukhiqiza, kanye ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela imiphumela imisebenzi eqhubekayo zezimali kanye yezimboni nezomnotho;
• inzuzo, okuyinto uhlala anawo yebhizinisi e-, kufanele kube ngokuyinhloko sigxile ekuqongeleleni ozoqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa wayo, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke ukusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka yokuthi amabhizinisi nazo eyenziwa ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo inzuzo net, okusho lokho okuhlalayo anawo inkampani ngemva kokuba inkokhelo egcwele izintela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo oyisibopho ngesikhathi. Kakade kuzo yona ize isetshenziswe unswinyo zikhokhelwe isabelomali, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi izimali ze-non-kwesabelomali.

imithetho umthetho

Income asele anawo wenkampani, ingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela noma njengoba sibhekiswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthukiswa eminye imisebenzi yebhizinisi. Ayikho umzimba, kuhlanganise isimo alinalo ilungelo phakathi ekambisweni kanjani ukuba balolonge isakhiwo inzuzo net bese usebenzisa inzuzo.

Kanye ngezimali zokukhiqiza zokungenisa imali, okuyinto uhlala anawo noma iyiphi inkampani at kungenziwa iqondiswe kuze kwaneliseke iyiphi izidingo zomphakathi noma umthengi. Ngakho, ngoba ikhokhelwa izinzuzo yesikhathi esisodwa futhi ekhuthaza abantu umhlalaphansi, kanye amabhonasi okuhlukahlukeneko impesheni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isakhiwo izibalo inzuzo esele anawo inkampani, umkhiqizo sihlanganisa izindleko kwamaholidi ezihlukahlukene eyengeziwe esikhathini ebekwe imithetho, kanye nezindleko mahhala noma kwanciphisa nentengo ukudla abasebenzi.

amacala ngabanye

Uma inkampani kwephula umthetho osebenzayo, imbuyiselo (isakhiwo inzuzo yenhlangano futhi kumele ifake phakathi enjalo into kwezindleko) ungasetshenziswa ukuze asule zonke izinhlobo izinhlawulo kanye inhlawulo.

Uma izimali kuthiwa olusithekile iziphathimandla zentela noma nokhomishana of them cha babe neqhaza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene izimali extra-mali, ibhizinisi ingaphinda icala izinhlawulo ezifanele, futhi umthombo oyinhloko inkokhelo yabo ezitholwe inzuzo inetha.

Ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo inzuzo net ingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko bekuhlela yenkampani. Ngokuhambisana sisekelo ibhizinisi ingakleliswa izilinganiso ezikhethekile.

Isakhiwo inzuzo Imininingwane kungafaka ukusatshalaliswa imali yezenhlalakahle ukuthi kuhlanganisa izindleko ezihlukahlukene lezinto ezikhethekile kwezenhlalo, okuyizinto on ibhalansi ibhizinisi, beqhuba imicimbi yamasiko kanye nabanye abaningi.

ukucekwa kwabantu

Zonke inzuzo, okuyinto uhlala anawo wenkampani sehlukaniswe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala ikuvumela ukwandisa yezimpahla ibhizinisi, kanye abathintekayo ngqo inqubo wayenemfuyo. Eyesibili elinesimo share ethile inzuzo, angasetshenziswa ukudliwa.

Zonke izinhlobo izinguquko isakhiwo inzuzo ukuthi ezaholela ekubeni khona imali undistributed esetshenziselwa ekuqongeleleni, kanye izinkomba ezifanayo zeminyaka eyedlule, ethi inkampani ezimele kahle ngokwezimali futhi umthombo ukuqhubeka.

Ukwakhiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa

ukuhlaziywa Economic limelela isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu wokusebenza, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphambi izinsiza bekuhlela ne ukubikezela inkampani, kanye ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Isakhiwo inzuzo (ukulahlekelwa) sifundwa kuwo izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

• Benefit ukuhlaziywa eyenziwa ukubunjwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• It lucwaningo inqubo isici ukuhlaziywa in imali.
• bahlolisisa ngokucophelela izimbangela iyiphi ngeziphambeko izingxenye ezifana: nezinye yokusebenza imali, inzalo ekhokhwa kanye Iyatholakala, okungezona yokusebenza engenayo kanye nezindleko.
• Sifunda ukwakheka inzuzo inetha.
• It ucubungula inzuzo basakaza kanjani ngempumelelo.
• Uhlola ukusetshenziswa inzuzo.
• It kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa iziphakamiso mayelana uhlelo lwezimali.

Ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo ihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe kumiswa inzuzo, manje kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa isu elilungile kakhulu yokuziphatha, ukunamathela esizovumela inkampani ukunciphisa ukulahleka nezingozi zezimali ukuthi zikhona lapho sitshala imali nanoma iyiphi imithombo e okwabo. Yingakho le nqubo kubaluleke kangaka.