Reserve Fund National Welfare Isikhwama Russia

Umnotho ngamunye nje kumele babe nesilinganiso esithile ukuphepha. Njengoba for umlando amandla Russian ke umjikelezo olandelayo phezu namuhla. Ekuqaleni asekelwe emnothweni olukhulu isimo njengoba sinjalo Isikhwama, wadala ngo-2004. Ngo-2008, kwathiwa kabusha ngokuphelele futhi uqambe kabusha Reserve Fund National Welfare Isikhwama. Wenza njenge- nqubekela okunengqondo uhlelo "isabelomali ukuthuthukiswa", wadala ngo-1998 ukuze sikhokhele lolu emikhulu amaphrojekthi ezimbonini okwakufanele afeze indima injini esimweni esibucayi.

Umqondo eyinhloko Ukuqina Isikhwama

"Isabelomali Development" format innovative Ukuqina Isikhwama kuphambene ngokuphelele umqondo eyisisekelo iphrojekthi. Yayisekelwe kumiswa esiqiwini, okuyinto obekumele olungaba isinxephezelo, uma kunesidingo, kwesabelo sezimali ngenxa yokwehla ezingalindelekile kwamanani kawoyela, inzalo ngokweqile dollar izimali uwoyela yokuthengisa. Control emali kufanele sigcwaliswe sibonga ukutshala amafa angaphandle. Esikhathini esimaphakathi, lo sinjalo Isikhwama kwakufanele inqolobane zokuqeda yezinkinga ezihambisana isakhiwo izimali impesheni zomphakathi. Eqinisweni Reserve Fund National Welfare Isikhwama isenzo njengoba Isikhwama ezikhethekile yemali, okuyinto ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe namuhla ukuze usimamise isabelomali isimo ukuswela imali. Yena ingasetshenziswa izidingo isimo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungani Isikhwama Russian?

Russian Reserve Isikhwama kwamiswa sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isabelomali isimo has a kwencika elinamandla nemibandela iziphi izici zangaphandle. Inhlalakahle kahulumeni incike ezweni lezimpahla amanani. Namuhla, lapho izwe eziphoqelelwe unswinyo ezinzima baseYurophu ngezindleko eziphansi ngokuhlolisisa lemali lwamafutha yokuthengisa yayo yayingaphambi evelele Ekupheleni isabelomali, kuyasiza ukuba basinde lapho izwe eqoqwe inqolobane. It ikuvumela ukuba ubambe ngesilinganiso lwemali kazwelonke futhi uba isisekelo ukuqaliswa izibopho uMbuso ukuba sabantu. Uma iRussia yayinabantu kungekho izinqolobane, izwe ngabe Sekuyisikhathi eside sibhekene lo mkhuba okuzenzakalelayo.

Izigaba ukunikezela

Isigaba sokuqala sale ukwakheka Reserve Isikhwama wethulwa 2003. akhawunti sesakhiwe, okuyinto wathola imali etholwe kusuka ukukhishwa kwezinto kwemithombo yemvelo. Khona-ke ucacise ukuthi i-akhawunti ekhethekile eyathunyelelwa alibasizanga kusukela ukudayiswa lamafutha inzuzo. Okungukuthi, lonke imali uphethiloli yokuthengisa, okuyinto wawunganikezi izibikezelo ngokwanele okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Isigaba kwetinhlavu esiqiwini yesibili - is dalo we Ukuqina Isikhwama ngo-2004, lapho empeleni ingxenye yesabelomali sikahulumeni. Ngenxa yokuthi kumnotho wasekhaya waba esibophezelayo eqinile emakethe lezimpahla, ukwakhiwa 'ukuphepha isiguqo "baba imfuneko ukuchuma okwengeziwe isizwe. Isinyathelo sokugcina kumiswa izinqolobane - iyona Reserve Fund National Welfare Isikhwama.

Ukuqina Isikhwama izisebenzi Umnotho

Neqiniso zokuthumela isimo is kakhulu abathintwe esibophezelayo esinamandla uwoyela negesi ukuthekelisa. Isimo ubeka nomthelela ongemuhle isimo isimo, futhi ushaya ezakhiweni ukukhiqizwa, okuyizinto ukuthekelisa ngamakhasimende. Umnotho ivaliwe umthombo izimali yeluhlakasimo emvelo ngokuthulisa izimpahla timbiwa kanye nezinsizakalo. Ezingenayo nokuphuma kwemali uvimbelwe petrodollars. Reserve Fund ERussia namuhla wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukulinganisela kule isabelomali sikahulumeni, njengoba intengo kawoyela namuhla, oda eziningana ezihlanganisa ngaphansana sabekwa phezu ngonyaka 2014-2017 isabelomali. Isisekelo obangela yokubopha zezimali ngokweqile, ukunciphisa umthelela kwamandla emali, ongaqeda imiphumela wemakethe nomthelela emhlabeni wonke amanani Kuzonyuka izinto zokusetshenziswa emnothweni kazwelonke. Ungakwazi fingqa futhi ukugqamisa umsebenzi oyinhloko izimali ezintathu:

• Eyeqayo we Russian isabelomali kusilela.
• Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa isifo Dutch emnothweni.
• Lwabalandeli imali yempesheni kanye ukugqagqana we kusilela Sempesheni esibhalisiwe.

Injongo Isikhwama ingcebo cash flow

Theory - into eyodwa, kodwa umkhuba nomlando kusikisela injongo reserve ukuhluka. Reserve Isikhwama aqondiswe ukuphoqelelwa isibopho uhlobo consumable isimo sika kuyilapho ekunciphiseni inzuzo kawoyela negesi wemboni komnotho. Inani izinqolobane elamiswa ngePhentekoste 10% of the ezilinganisiwe ukufika kwezimali Unyaka GDP. Ekuqaleni, notshwala imali iya akhawunti Treasury. Izimali aphuthe wemboni non-uwoyela imbozwe kabusha imali ngokusebenzisa uwoyela negesi yokudlulisa. Lokhu kulandelwa ukugcwaliswa Reserve Isikhwama. Ngemva umthamo yayo kumelwe ilingane 10% imali abayithole, ukungena kwemali uqondiswe National Welfare Foundation, okuyinto eyokwenza isabelomali kusilela umhlalaphansi. Isikhwama reserve ihleli kuze kube isikhathi lapho izimali uwoyela negesi wemboni komnotho kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Iningi imali dolobha reserve iguqulwe ibe imali kanye lwemali. Lokhu izikweletu zezinhlangano kanye izibambiso, imali nge izikhungo zezimali angaphandle.

Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe nokungena kwezimali kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela yezwe?

kwakhiwa Reserve Fund National Welfare Isikhwama is hhayi kuphela inzuzo okweqile kusukela uwoyela yokuthengisa. inhlokodolobha replenishment kungenxa:

• intela yezimayini;
• imisebenzi ukuthekelisa phezu uphethiloli eluhlaza;
• Izimali okukhokhiswa yokukhipha izimpahla ikhiqizwa uwoyela.

Omunye umthombo imali engenayo - inzuzo kusukela ukuphathwa lakamuva. Reserve Isikhwama ilawulwa kucatshangelwa ubukhulu izimali ku-akhawunti ngabanye wavula nguMgcinimafa e Central Bank. Zonke namakhadi emali ukuthengiselana ku-akhawunti aphethwe Ministry of Finance ngokuhambisana nomthetho.

izindlela ezikhethekile ekuphathweni Isikhwama

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-National Welfare Isikhwama izenzo njengengxenye yesabelomali sikahulumeni. Kulokhu, izimali ukuphathwa reserve kwenziwe ngesakhiwo kancane ehlukile kunaleyo imali e isabelomali sikahulumeni. Yezinjongo eziyinhloko nokuphathwa kwezimali ukuba nokuphepha kwabo, kanye eliletha ukuthula imali nezinga lenguquko yabo emafeni esikhathini eside. Zonke izimpahla lapho izimali kungenziwa siguqulwe nge ngokucacile kuchazwe Ikhodi Ibhajethi we Russian Federation. Usizo National Welfare Isikhwama ibonakala kweso lapho kwenzeka lokhu kusilela. Ulwazi irisidi nephumayo izimali eceleni inyanga ngayinye ikhishwa abezindaba.

Ubukhulu of imali uhulumeni waseRussia

Ministry of Finance usetshele umphakathi mayelana lokuthi kuleminyaka emibili edlule, i-National Welfare Isikhwama landa ngabantu 51,3% futhi sakhula ngo 72,9% reserve Isikhwama. Isikhwama reserve liye landa ngamaphesenti ruble 2.085 trillion bese u-January 1, 2015, naphezu crisis linqoba kwaba 4.945 billion. Ngo-dollar imigomo, kokubili esiqiwini Kulinganiselwa ngochwepheshe at $ 165 billion. Positive inzuzo etholakale labasibekela isitatimende Accounting Chamber, owabekwa ngo-Okthoba 2014. Ngokwenhlangano yamazwe, ngenkathi sigcina ijubane ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela e ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele kanye nokucekelwa umnotho wezwe, Russian National Welfare Isikhwama uzobe ukhathele kule minyaka emibili ezayo.

Idatha yakamuva ye-Ministry of Finance

Ngo-April 1, 2015 ubukhulu Reserve Isikhwama zaba 4.425 isigidintathu ruble, noma 75.7 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. National Welfare Isikhwama ilingana 4,436 isigidintathu ruble, noma 74,35 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Phakathi nenyanga ka-Mashi sabhalwa ekunciphiseni FNB ruble 244 billion kanye Reserve Isikhwama - ruble 295 billion. Khumbula ukuthi ngo-ngasekupheleni March, le Duma State yokutholwa isabelomali nenhlekelele, eyayibonakala ezibekwe izimo ukukhokhelwa kwezimali. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, inani esiqiwini bayobe sebekhona kakade njengoba low ruble 4,618 isigidintathu ekupheleni 2015. It is kuhlelwe ukuchitha ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 864,4 sokuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda kabusha emnothweni kazwelonke.