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IZambezi (umfula e-Afrika) oluvela nalapho ngulona logeleta? IZambezi: umthombo, ubude, ibalazwe nesithombe indawo

Ngo -Afrika Ephakathi, kanye engxenyeni esenyakatho kuleli zwekazi, it has iphuzu yaso ehlukile enhle, nenhle futhi ejulile kakhulu isithakazelo - la manzi omfula iZambezi. Umfula kuvela eZambia kanye kugeleza amandla ezifana Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe naseZambia. EMozambique, esizalweni somfula iZambezi uthululela e-Indian Ocean. Nge ukugeleza lo mfula iyona Luhambo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika - Victoria Falls.

Ukuze umfula. phezulu ingxenye

Umthombo eMfuleni iZambezi engxenyeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga Ethiopia, sizungezwe emaxhaphozini abamnyama. Ukuphakama lapha ilingana amamitha nenxenye. Kancane ngenhla umthombo elitholakala entabeni emthambekeni ku oludlula ekuhlukaneni ocacile phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili amachibi amanzi ukusakaza - Congo iZambezi. Umfula ugeleza khona eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi ezingaba ngu-240 km ke ayaqala ukuba awele nemingenela. Ngesinye ngaphansi kwemithambeka emfuleni liphenduka impophoma encane Chavama. Lokhu kwenza kube engafanele lokuthumela. Over 350 km walo wokuqala, mayelana Victoria Falls, engamamitha lapho amanzi siphela, imayelana okufanayo. Yena a izikhathi ezimbalwa ishintsha indlela yayo kusukela eningizimu kuya empumalanga, kodwa lezi zinguquko abangelutho. Endaweni lapho okuhlatshelwa khona waterfall iphela la manzi omfula iZambezi engenhla. Umfula eCentral Africa eVictoria Falls kuletha okwenza amanzi amaningi kuwo, ukwakha kule ndawo mkhuba amazing, ukujabulela izigidigidi zezihambeli ziyafika.

Phakathi ingxenye emfuleni

EVictoria Falls kubhekwa umngcele sokuhlukanisa phakathi emfuleni futhi umsuka busebenze phakathi. Kusukela ke, isiteshi isivele ithunyelwe ngokuqondile empumalanga lapho itholakala phakathi kwamagquma. Ubude eseduze kwale ngxenye kwesigubhu elingamamitha angu-300. Phawula futhi ukuthi umthombo iZambezi, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla, sizungezwe ezihlabayo, savannah namadwala esihlabathini-nobumba. Lapha, ukugeleza kwamanzi eduze basalt akha amagquma eweni encane, ukuvikela amanzi omfula. Iphuzu elibalulekile wengxenye phakathi kwesigubhu kubhekwa Caribbean (lokhu kwaziwa futhi njengamagagasi Lake Kariba). Lena ngenye yama-emachibini ngobukhulu yokufakelwa emhlabeni. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka Maphakathi nekhulu le-20, ngemva sifinyelela phakathi iZambezi wakha edamini igama elifanayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube manje, i-Kariba esiteshini emifula evumela konke endaweni ezungezile endaweni ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Futhi phakathi maphakathi sihlangane nemingenela ezimbili ezinkulu - the Kafue futhi Luangwa, okuyinto iyangena iZambezi. River sibonga kubo liya livuleka njengoba zikhula futhi anothe. Ngakho-ke, kancane esezansi kuso ukwakha enye edamini - Cabora Bassa. Kuleli qophelo, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo la manzi omfula iZambezi uphela.

Lower isiteshi mfula

IZambezi, ukweqa edamini Cabora Bassa, uyisa amanzi awo entshonalanga. Ubude engxenyeni yokugcina ngobukhulu bayo kuqhathaniswa abathandekayo angaphambili, okungukuthi, 650 km. Le sayithi isivele efanelekayo lokuthumela, kodwa ngokuvamile kunezingane atholakele balahleke. Iqiniso lokuthi endaweni lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi, kuyinto esigodi esibanzi, ayengamakhulu kuso nje ngelulela, ukwakha emfuleni ububanzi, kodwa hhayi ijulile kakhulu. It unciphise isiteshi kuphela uma Lupato sidlula canyon. Lapha ububanzi kwamamitha angu-200 kuphela, kanti zonke ezinye izindawo emfuleni nezwi welulele kuze kufinyelele 5-8 amakhilomitha. Ngezinye ibanga 160 km kusuka eMfuleni iZambezi olwandle ke ewela. Shire. Ngenxa yalesi ke bushoshozelwa amanzi awo, futhi amanzi Lake Malawi. Ngemva kwalokho ubuhle yethu sehlukaniswe misele eminingi encane, ukwakha i-delta. Eduze nogu lolwandle lwe-Indian Ocean eMfuleni iZambezi kumephu ifana emikhonweni elingunxantathu, okuyinto ixhunywe amanzi esikhulu.

emfuleni nemingenela

Lokhu kusakaza kubhekwa izwekazi lesine ngobukhulu phakathi 'abafowabo.' I iZambezi e-Afrika kwakungafanele abami kunjalo, uma ababaningi nemingenela yayo okuwela imigudu yalo Yiqiniso futhi echibini. Nokho, sibheke kubo kabanzi. I Umthambo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ukusuthisa ekusakazeni aqueous kubhekwa ukuba Kapombo emfuleni. It kuvela emagqumeni, lapho eduze komunye nomunye umsuka of Congo kanye iZambezi. Ithanga lokuqala isifundo sethu mayelana nale ndaba, lapho isiqondiso washintsha kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, ke kweqa Kwando - kakhulu umfula ogeleza egcwele. Esikhathini sifinyelela phakathi iZambezi futhi Kafue ukondla amanzi Langi. Ngezansi, sihlangane komunye owumthelela kubaluleke kakhulu - Luangwa. Akukona nje ukuletha amanzi abo kule iZambezi, kodwa futhi nabo Malawi echibini, ngakho-ke iba ebanzi kakhulu futhi ezijulile. Engxenyeni engezansi amanzi okuphakelayo ukugeleza komfula nemingenela Sanyati, Shangani futhi Hanyang.

Umlando nocwaningo kwesigubhu

Abantu babe nolwazi lokhu kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba yayifika emuva ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lolu lwazi yayisekelwe zemihla Arab futhi imibhalo. Ngakho, eMfuleni iZambezi ebalazweni Afrika uvele 1300s elikude, kodwa ungase ukwazi, njengoba wazi, kuphela izitatanyiswa. Ucwaningo olunzulu amanzi Afrika kwaqala kuphela ekhulwini le-19. Umuntu wokuqala ngubani yabhekisela komfula Ngokombono ongokwesayensi, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi uDavid Livingstone. Wabhukuda waphumela usuka Lake Malawi futhi liphetha ngamazwi eVictoria Falls. Endleleni, ngathola eziningi nemingenela eyaziwa njengamanje, wabanika amagama abo. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu, emfuleni futhi zonke izakhi eduze ziye ngokugcwele elandelwa abantu baseYurophu, futhi yonke imininingo is ngokuphepha zigxilé nebalazwe.

inhlanzi emhlabeni

Iningi izinhlanzi ezitholakala emanzini la manzi omfula iZambezi - sekuphenduke umkhuba. Zonke yohlobo lwazo zitholakala kuphela kule ndawo. Futhi ngisho noma abaningi amagama ukuthi ukubhala phansi, ngeke kubonakale kujwayelekile ke qiniseka, ukuthi empeleni lo ohlala emanzini ngeke bheka indlela thina bajwayele bheka. nezilwanyana ezincane Lapha ekhethekile, okuyinto eyenza zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuthuthukisa hhayi njengoba eYurophu noma eMelika. Ngakho lapha kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene cichlids, eyikati, eyikati futhi tigerfish. owakhileyo ethandwa kakhulu we ephansi isiteshi emfuleni kuyinto bull shark noma inkunzi ushaka. Senzeka emanzini asogwini lwe-Indian Ocean, futhi Zatoka iZambezi.

nezilwane

Kususelwa impahla odlule, kungenzeka ukuba ukucabanga lapho uMfula iZambezi kusukela iphuzu ezindawo umbono. Lona ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi lase-Afrika, indawo elishisayo okuphakade ukushisa zone, isihlabathi futhi Savannah. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa landscape enjalo iZambezi kwemali, okuyinto kudala emaceleni nezilwane elihambisana. Lapha butholakala izinhlobo ezingenakubalwa izingwenya ezahlukene. Ngokusho lesi sici sesihlahla emfuleni ingafaniswa kalula neNayile. Bekanye nabo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka izibankwa ezincane nezinyoka (ikakhulukazi endaweni umthombo, lapho emaxhaphozini eziningi). On izwe kukhona izindlovu, amadube, izinkunzi, amabhubesi, Buffaloes - ngamafuphi, a safari evamile yabaNsundu. Nezinyoni zezulu phezu iZambezi, maye, kungasiko. Kukhona izibankwa flying, Umkhomo, izinkozi, Afrika, futhi ukungcebeleka ngomfula amabhange Ilanda.

"Izinhlanzi" umnotho

Ungabona nje ngokubheka isithombe: emfuleni iZambezi kuyinto ejulile kakhulu, okubanzi, ecebile zezilwane nezimila, njengoba isixhumanisi esemqoka ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho emazweni onke ngokusebenzisa kabani indawo kuthatha indawo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona zakhelwe izitshalo ezimbili giant Hydropower, okuyinto ukondla ugesi lonke izwe elizungezile nomuzi, kukhona embonini yokudoba elichumayo. Izakhamuzi zemizi, owakhulela osebeni la manzi omfula iZambezi, ungakwazi ukujabulela izipho amanzi ayo mahhala, ukuze bondle imindeni yabo. Izivakashi ezivela nemizana kude ngaphezulu intela ngoba sithiye lapha. Abaningi loMfula iZambezi abekelwe ukudoba ezemidlalo. Abantu beze lapha ngentando futhi zezinyoni ezingavamile izinhlanzi abantu abavela emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi kusukela umcengezi catch kwezinhlobo sendawo kakhulu benzela umhlobiso nganoma yisiphi aquarium.

izimo emvelweni

Mhlawumbe incazelo emvelweni eMfuleni iZambezi siyoqala nezinkinga zayo, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ngempela isifiso sokufuna ukuvelela. Zonke amashwa itholakala lokuthi ukuthi lapha ekhiqizwa anokungcola esithweni, hhayi ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa izindawo ezikhethekile, futhi ngqo. Indle kusukela nemizana amatheku, izindlu ezincane olulodwa kanye nezinye izinto nje likhanyelwe emfuleni. Lokhu kubangela ukungcola kwamanzi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi yakha izifo ezifana ne-typhoid, ikholera, isifo sohudo, nendathane yezinye, izifo ucishe ezinzima. izinkinga Big futhi kwavela ngemva ukwakhiwa kwalesi Cabora Bassa amandla kagesi esiteshini. Lokhu ichibi lokwenziwa yagcwala sibonga izimvula nje inkathi olulodwa, ngesikhathi iziphathimandla kuhlelwe ukuthi uyogcwala kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingana. Ngenxa emifula ngokucijile encishisiwe, okwaphumela nokuncipha endaweni lomhlume emhlabeni amanzi. It uyesaba nezilwane ukuthi ahlezi phezu lomfula. Wamanzi, waya eziningi izakhi trace ewusizo, inciphise inani zinhlobo izinhlanzi ezihlala lapha.

isimo sezimoto

Ngokuvamile, ubude eMfuleni iZambezi kuyinto 2574 amakhilomitha, ikhumbula zonke egoba yayo kanye ematfuba. Lokhu kwenza kube omunye notshwala ngobukhulu amanzi e-Afrika, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkomba ukuthi kuyinto ezokuthutha Umthambo ekahle esifundeni. Sishilo kakade ukuthi embhedeni emfuleni ngokuvamile ishintsha indlela, futhi kubaluleke, okufanayo uya ububanzi, ukujula, kanye nezinye izinkomba. Inkinga eyinhloko ukuze navigation kukhona yokufakelwa amachibi, amadamu nezimpophoma okuwela wakhe. Nokho, imisebenzi yezokuthutha ngokuvamile abaningi eyenziwa sibonga kumasegmenti ngabanye lokhu kwesigubhu. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhumbi ngokuvamile adlule phansi iZambezi, athwala kokubili abagibeli kanye imoto. Ephakathi futhi engenhla ingxenye emfuleni isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi endaweni. Imigwaqo ezizungezile buzofiphaliswa ngenxa nokuntengantenga asenhlabathini, futhi isikebhe ukusuka kwenye indawo ehlala kwesinye kulula.

Bridges yonkana iZambezi

Eyesine kwamanzi ngobukhulu yayo cross amabhuloho emihlanu kuphela Afrika. ukwakhiwa babo baqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi usaqhubeka, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi sezivele awenziwanga. Eyokuqala lakhiwa ngo-1905 edolobheni eVictoria Falls. Liyophuma ngaphezu kwamanzi-125 metres, ububanzi amamitha 150, futhi ubude - 250 metres. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwathiwa kabusha, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele kabusha. It ekuqaleni kuhlelwe njengengxenye ujantshi, okwakuyoholela usuke eCape uye eCairo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1939, ibhuloho lakhiwa Chirundu (Zambia), okuyinto lakhiwa ngo-2003, futhi ngo-60s kwakukhona amabhuloho emizini Tete futhi Chinvingi. Eminyakeni eyalandela, okungukuthi, ngo-2004, kuphelile ukwakhiwa wale mithandazo, ibhuloho yesihlanu phezu iZambezi. It uyagijima phakathi imizi Sesheke (Zambia) kanye Katima Mulilo (Namibia).

Nemizana ezizungezile emfuleni

Sibukeze lapho kuvela iZambezi, lapho kugeleza, neminye imizimba amanzi ke ewela ngokuhamba ukugeleza. Manje abe isihloko nemizana ezizungezile ogwini lwayo. Okokuqala, umfula sihamba ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane, emazweni ayisithupha. Phakathi kwabo libizwa Angola, iNamibia, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe neBotswana. Kodwa amadolobha ukuthi zitholakala ku usebe lwawo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu. Sibala kafushane: Lacalle, Kariba, Mongu, Tete, Songo, Lila, Livingstone, Sesheke futhi Katima Mulilo. Zonke izindawo eziyimijondolo kukhona izinhlangano ezincane kakhulu geopolitical. abantu abayizigidi ezingu-kuphela 32 bahlala esigodini. Iningi lazo ahole indlela yokuphila yasemakhaya, ngezizathu okuqukethwe elintantayo zendawo ukungabi sekuyaphela imfuyo. idolobha Local uhola ikakhulukazi kwezokuvakasha, kodwa futhi imboni lapha athuthukile kahle. Abaningi babo sifuna Rybolovlev ziyachuma ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu zokuzingela.

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