Izibonelo zokunyakaza kwemishini. Ukuhamba kweMichanical: Physics, Grade 10

Izibonelo zokunyakaza komshini ziyaziwa kusukela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lezi izimoto ezidlula, izindiza ezindizayo, imikhumbi ehambayo. Izibonelo ezilula zokunyakaza kwemishini sizidala thina, sidlule ngabanye abantu. Njalo yesibili iplanethi yethu ihamba ngezindiza ezimbili: ezungeze i-Sun kanye ne-axis yayo. Futhi lezi ziyizibonelo zokunyakaza kwemizimba. Ngakho ake sikhulume ngalokhu ikakhulukazi namhlanje.

Iyini imishini

Ngaphambi kokuba sisho ukuthi yiziphi izibonelo zokunyakaza okunyakaza, ake sibheke lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imishini. Ngeke singene ehlathini lesayensi futhi sisebenze ngenani elikhulu lemigomo. Ekhuluma ngokumane nje, imishini iyisigcawu se-physics esifunda ukunyakaza kwemizimba. Futhi kungaba yini, le mechanic? Abafundi emakilasini e-physics bajwayelene nezigatshana zalo. Lokhu kubumbene, i- dynamics ne-statics.

Ngayinye yezigatshana nazo zihlola ukunyakaza kwemizimba, kodwa inezici eziyingqayizivele kulo. Yikuphi, ngendlela, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezifanele. Ake siqale nge-kinematics. Noma yimuphi incwadi yesikole yesimanje noma imithombo ye-elektroniki izokwenza kucace ukuthi ukuhamba komshini we mechanical ku-kinematics kuthathwa ngaphandle kokucabangela izimbangela eziholela ekunyakeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, siyazi ukuthi isizathu sokusheshisa okuzobangela ukuba umzimba uhambe kusebenza.

Kuthiwani uma amabutho kudingeka acatshangelwe

Kodwa ukucubungulwa kokusebenzisana kwemizimba ehambayo kuyisigaba esilandelayo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-dynamics. Ukunyakaza kwama-mechanical, ijubane lapho kungenye yeziminganiso ezibalulekile, kuhlanganiswa ngokungenakuqondakala kulo mqondo ku-dynamics. Ingxenye yokugcina yi-statics. Uhlola izimo zokulinganisela kwezinhlelo zemishini. Isibonelo esilula kunazo zonke ukulingana kwehora lesisindo. Inothi kubothisha: isifundo kwi-physics "Mechanical Movement" esikoleni kufanele siqale ngalokhu. Okokuqala, nikeza izibonelo, bese uhlukanisa imishini ibe izingxenye ezintathu, bese uqhubeka nokunye.

Yiziphi imisebenzi

Ngisho noma siphendukela esigabeni esisodwa nje, cabanga ukuthi yizizukulwane, kunemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene esilindele. Iphuzu eliphelele ukuthi kunezimo eziningana ngesisekelo lapho, umsebenzi ofanayo ungaboniswa ngokukhanya okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zesimiso se-kinematic zingancishiselwa ezimweni zokuwa kwamahhala. Manje sizokhuluma ngalokhu.

Kuyini ukuwa kwamahhala ku-kinematics?

Le nqubo ingahlinzeka izincazelo eziningana. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqinisekile kuzokwehliselwa endaweni eyodwa. Ngokuwa kwamahhala, amandla adonsela phansi kuphela enza emzimbeni. Iqondiswa phakathi nendawo yobukhulu bomzimba eceleni kwendawo eya enkabeni yoMhlaba. Konke okunye, ungakwazi "ukuguqula" amagama kanye nencazelo ngokushesha nje uma uthanda. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwamandla adonsela phansi kuphela lapho kuqhutshwa ukunyakaza okunjalo kuyadingeka.

Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokuwa mahhala ku-kinematics

Okokuqala, kudingeka "sibambe" amafomula. Uma ubuza uthisha wesimanje emafilosofi, uzokutshela ukuthi ukwazi amafomu kakade sekuyisixazululo senkinga. Ingxenye yesine idluliselwe ekuqondeni inqubo kanye nenye ingxenye yesine kwinqubo yokubala. Kodwa amafomula, amafomula futhi aphinde abhale-yilokho okwenza usizo.

Singabiza ukuwa kwamahhala kwenkathi ethile yokunyakaza okusheshayo ngokufanayo. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba sinakho konke okudingekayo kulokhu. Ukusheshisa akuguquki, kungu-9.8 amamitha ngomzuzwana esigcawini. Ngalesi sisekelo, singaqhubeka. Ifomula lebanga elihamba ngomzimba ngokunyakaza okusheshayo ngokufanayo lifomu: S = Vota + (-) ku- ^ 2/2. Lapha S ibanga, iVo yiyona velocity yokuqala, yisikhathi, futhi is ukusheshisa. Manje ake sizame ukuletha le fomula esimweni sokuwa kwamahhala.

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, lokhu kuyisibonelo esikhethekile sokunyakaza okusheshayo ngokufanayo. Futhi uma i-conventional acceleration designation ejwayelekile, bese g in the formula (esikhundleni a) kuyoba nenani eliqondile nenombolo, ebizwa nangokuthi ithebhulethi. Ake sibhale kabusha ifomula lebanga elihamba ngomzimba ngecala lokuwa kwamahhala: S = Vot + (-) gt ^ 2/2.

Kusobala ukuthi kulokhu ukunyakaza kuzokwenzeka eplanini eliqondile. Senza abafundi baqaphele ukuthi akukho nemingcele engayikwazi ukuyiveza kusuka kumfomu ongenhla ihlukile kwesisindo somzimba. Ingabe uzophonsela ibhokisi noma itshe, isibonelo, kusuka ophahleni, noma izixuku ezimbili zamatshe - lezi zinto ngokuqala kokuwa kanye nomhlaba cishe kanyekanye.

Ukuwa kwamahhala. Ukunyakaza kwama-mechanical. Izinhloso

Ngendlela, kukhona into enjengejubane elizenzekelayo. Lisho ukuvama kunoma isiphi isikhathi esithile. Futhi ngokuwa kwamahhala, singakwazi ukunquma kalula, siyazi kuphela isivinini sokuqala. Futhi uma lilingana ne-zero, khona-ke lolu daba luzokwenza konke. Ifomula ye-speed instantaneous ne-free falling in kinematics yilezi: V = Vo + gt. Qaphela ukuthi uphawu "-" alukho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa lapho umzimba wehlisa. Futhi umzimba unganciphisa kanjani uma uwela? Ngakho-ke, uma i-velocity yokuqala ingazange ibikwe, i-speed instantaneous izolingana nje ngomkhiqizo wokusheshisa komdanso womoya ngesikhathi sokuthi sekuphelile kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesimiso.

I-physics. Ukunyakaza kwama-mechanical nge-fall free

Ake siqhubeke nemisebenzi ethile kule ndaba. Ake sithi isimo esilandelayo. Izingane zanquma ukuzijabulisa futhi ziphonsa ibhola le-tennis ephahleni lendlu. Thola ukuthi ijubane lebhola le-tennis lalinjani lapho liwela emhlabathini, uma indlu inezitezi eziyishumi nambili. Ukuphakama kwesitezi esisodwa kufana namamitha amathathu. Ibhola likhishwe ezandleni.

Isixazululo sale nkinga ngeke sibe isinyathelo esisodwa, njengoba umuntu angase acabange kuqala. Kubonakala sengathi konke kubonakala kulula, kuphela ukufaka izinombolo ezidingekile emgqeni wejubane lokushesha kanye nakho konke. Kodwa uma sizama ukwenza lokhu, singabhekana nenkinga: asazi isikhathi sokuwa kwebhola. Ake sibheke yonke imisebenzi.

Izindlela ezimweni

Okokuqala, sinikezwa inani lezansi, futhi siyazi ukuphakama komunye wabo. Yimamitha amathathu. Ngakho-ke, singakwazi ngokushesha ukubala ibanga elijwayelekile kusuka ophahleni kuze kube semhlabathini. Okwesibili, sitshelwa ukuthi ibhola likhishwe ezandleni. Njengenjwayelo, ezinkingeni zokunyakaza komshini (nasezinkingeni ngokujwayelekile) kunemininingwane encane ekuboneni kokuqala ingase ibonakale ingenalutho. Nokho, lapha le nkulumo ibonisa ukuthi ibhola le-tennis alikho isivinini sokuqala. Yebo, enye yemigomo kwifomula iyanyamalala. Manje sidinga ukwazi isikhathi lapho ibhola lise emoyeni ngaphambi kokushayisana nomhlabathi.

Ngalokhu sidinga ibhulamu lebanga lokunyakaza kwamashini. Okokuqala, sisusa umkhiqizo wokuvinjelwa kokuqala ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ngoba lilingana ne-zero, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo uzoba yizero. Bese ukwandisa zombili izinhlangothi ze-equation ngamabili ukuqeda ingxenyana. Manje singakwazi ukuveza isikwele sesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibanga elihlukanisiwe lihlukaniswe ukusheshisa komhlabathi. Singakwazi kuphela ukukhipha impande yendawo yale nkulumo ukuthola ukuthi sekudlule isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ibhola lihlasele phansi. Yenza izinombolo, ukhiphe impande bese uthola cishe imizuzwana engu-2.71. Manje sishintsha le nombolo kufomula ye-velocity instantaneous. Thola cishe u-26.5 wamamitha ngomzuzwana.

Inothi kubothisha nabafundi: ungahamba ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuze ungadideki kulezi zinombolo, kubalulekile ukwenza lula ngangokunokwenzeka ifomula yokugcina. Lokhu kuzoba usizo kulokho kuzoba nengozi encane yokwenza udideke ekubalweni kwakho nokwenza iphutha kuzo. Kule ndaba, singaphumelela kanje: ukuveza isikhathi kusuka emgqeni wamabanga, kodwa ungabi esikhundleni sezinombolo, bese ushintsha le nkulumo ngendlela ye-instantaneous velocity. Bese kubonakala kanje: V = g * sqrt (2S / g). Kodwa emva kwakho konke, ukusheshiswa kokuwa kwamahhala kungafakwa emgqeni. Ukuze senze lokhu, sizolimela esikrinini. Sithola i-V = sqrt (2S * g ^ 2 / g). Manje sinciphisa ukusheshisa kokuwa kwamahhala ku-denominator, futhi ku-numerator sisula i-degree yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola i-V = sqrt (2gS). Impendulo izoba efanayo, kuphela ukubalwa kuzoba ngaphansi.

Imiphumela nesiphetho

Ngakho, sifundani namuhla? Kunezigaba eziningana ezifundwa yi-physics. Ukunyakaza komshini kuyo kuhlukaniswe kube static, dynamic, kanye kinematics. Ngayinye yalezi zinsayensi-mini inezici zayo, ezicatshangelwayo lapho zixazulula izinkinga. Noma kunjalo, singakwazi ukunikeza incazelo ejwayelekile yomqondo onjalo njengokunyakaza komshini. Isigaba 10 - isikhathi sokufunda ngokujulile kwalesi sigaba semvelo, uma ukholelwa uhlelo lwesikole. Imishini ihlanganisa amacala okuwa kwamahhala, ngoba yizinhlobo ezithile zokunyakaza okusheshayo ngokufanayo. Futhi ngalezi zimo, sisebenza ne-kinematics.