Indawo ye-Ukraine. I-Ukraine - indawo yendawo

Njengoba wazi, i-Ukraine ibhekwa njengenye yamazwe amakhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Insimu yayo isendaweni eziningana zezulu, kunemifula eminingi, kanti ogwini oluseningizimu luhlanzwa yizilwandle ezimbili: uLwandle Olumnyama nolwandle lwase-Azov.

Uyazi ukuthi yini indawo ye-Ukraine? Cha? Lokhu kanye nezinye izinto eziningi kuzoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko. Umfundi uzofunda ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi lezi zifunda zabizwa kanjani esikhathini esidlule, ukuthi yimaphi amaphuzu ebalazweni emingcele yombuso, futhi azijwayele izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezwe.

Isigaba 1. Ulwazi olujwayelekile

I-Ukraine isempumalanga yeYurophu futhi inemingcele evamile emazweni afana nePoland, eRomania, eSlovakia, eMoldova, eRussia naseBelarus.

Wathola ukuzimela kwakhe ngo-Agasti 1991. Kuze kube manje, inhloko-dolobha yombuso idolobha laseKiev.

Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-45 bahlala ensimini yombuso. Kukhona umkhiqizo oLwandle oluMnyama nolwase-Azov. Umgwaqo omkhulu wamanzi wezwe yiMfula iDnieper.

Imali esemthethweni yi-hryvnia yase-Ukraine.

Isigaba 2. Indawo yanamuhla ye-Ukraine kanye namagama wangaphambili wezindawo

Esikhathini esidlule esidlule, amazwe ase-Ukraine yanamuhla ahlukene ngokwahlukana kwendawo. Izifunda zazingakabi khona, futhi izifunda zazigqoka amagama ahlukene ngokuphelele. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Bessarabia insimu, iningi layo eliseRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova. Isakhiwo se-Ukraine yanamuhla sasihlanganisa nenyakatho (esifundeni saseKhotyn) naseningizimu (Izmailovsky, izifunda zaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky).
• Bukovina - esifundeni saseChernivtsi.
• I-Volyn - izwe, elihlanganisa iVolyn, iRivne kanye nezingxenye zeTernopil nezifunda zeZhytomyr.
• I-Galicia iyingxenye yesifunda saseTernopil, izifunda zaseLviv nase-Ivano-Frankivsk.
• I-Transcarpathia (iTranscarpathian Ukraine) - isifunda saseTranscarpathia.
• I-Podillya (i-Ukrainian Podillia) iqukethe iVinnitsa, i-Khmelnytsky nezingxenye ze-Oblast ye-Ternopil.
• I-Polissya (i-Ukranian Polissya) iyingxenye yesifunda saseZhytomyr, izifunda zaseKiev naseChernigov.
• I-Tavria - izwe lesifundazwe saseTaurian, esasihlanganisa iCrimea, izifunda zamanje zaseKherson naseZaporozhye. Isikhungo saseTavria kwakuyisidolobha saseSimferopol.

Isigaba 3. Indawo yokuhlala

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo ye-Ukraine iningi kakhulu. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi ubude bomngcele osuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu cishe ngo-893 km, futhi kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga - cishe ngo-1320 km.

Indawo engasenyakatho yezwe isendaweni yaseChernigov edolobheni lasePetrovka, eningizimu - eCrimea, eCape Sarych. Umbhalo wesentshonalanga yiSolomonovo esifundeni seTranscarpathian, empumalanga - umuzi waseKrasnaya Zvezda esifundeni saseLugansk. Isikhungo sezwe sisezweni laseCherkassy eduze kwedolobha elincane laseVatutino. Ngoba namuhla kule ndawo kukhona ukuma okhethekile okubhalwe phansi "i-Ukraine. Indawo yezwe kanye nezifunda ". Wonke umuntu angazi kahle ngalesi sibonakaliso, thatha isithombe noma nje uphumule kule ndawo kwelinye lama-amathilomu amaningi aseduze.

Lombuso uhlala ku-5.6% wendawo yaseYurophu (indawo ka-Ukraine ingu-603.7 sq. M.), futhi kubhekwa njengowona omkhulu kunawo wonke amazwe atholakala ngokuphelele eYurophu (isibonelo, i-France inenani lama-547,000 sq. Km). Ubude obubanzi bomngcele wolwandle cishe buyi-1360 km, okuyinto engu-1057 km eduze noLwandle Olumnyama, amakhilomitha angu-250 ngaseLwandle lwase-Azov, ne-49 km eceleni kweKherch Bay.

Isigaba 4. Imvelo nesimo sezulu

Vumelana, indawo ye-Ukraine esigcawini. I-Km inkulu, ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi kule ndawo kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi futhi ngenxa yalokho, abameleli bezitshalo.

Izwe livela e-East European Plain ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ahlangene nama-coniferous, ama-steppes namahlathi ase-forest. Ihlathi elisemaphandleni ne-steppe libhekwa enhlabathini ye-chernozem, enyakatho (endaweni yehlathi elixubekile) ilawulwa yihlathi elimnyama kanye ne-sod-podzolic nenhlabathi, i-chestnut kanye nenhlabathi emnyama enomkhumbi eningizimu (ezinqabeni).

Ngoba namuhla e-Ukraine kunezinhlobo zemvelo eziningi. Okudume kakhulu yiDanube ne "Askania-Nova."

Ukwakhiwa kwesimo sezulu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla omhlaba avela enyakatho ye-Atlantic. Izixuku zomoya zingathonywa kakhulu yi-Arctic Ocean. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu sendawo kuthinteka ohlelweni lomfula, inhlabathi kanye nemifino, izakhiwo ezahlukene, njll.

I-Ukraine ibhekene naso ebhantshini lesimo sezulu sase-Continental, ngaphandle kwesogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea, elibhekene nesimo sezulu esishisayo.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuleli zwe izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwenza isimo sezulu ziyizi: ukuqondisa namandla okuphefumula kwamanzi, ingcindezi yasemkhathini nokushisa, ukushisa kwemoya.

Ubusika bubandayo, kanti ukushisa kuyomfudumala futhi kuyomile.

Isigaba 5. Imithombo Yamanzi

Insimu (indawo) yase-Ukraine igezwa eningizimu ngamanzi amaLwandle aMnyama nama-Azov. Iyokuqala ixhunyaniswe nolwandle oluningi futhi inokungena emanzini. Isimo sezulu esihle seMnyama no-Azov Seas kwenza amagquma ayingxenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zeholide.

E-Ukraine kunemifula engaphezu kuka-70 000 nemizimba yamanzi engaba ngu-20 000. Umfula weDnieper yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela kuhulumeni, kodwa futhi naseYurophu yonke. Amanzi esiteshini samanzi kagesi, axazulula izinkinga zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezindaweni eziningi, asekwakhelwe kulokhu okwamanje.

Ezinye izinhlelo ezinkulu zomfula yi-Dnieper, Dniester, iDanube, njll. I-Ukraine, indawo engamakhilomitha angama-600 square, eqinisweni, ayikho izinkinga ngamanzi okuphuza nokunisela umhlabathi.

Isigaba 6. Isifunda esincane kakhulu sezwe

Isifunda saseChernivtsi, eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine, kuthiwa yiBukovina. Futhi leli gama linikezwe ngengozi, ngoba kulawa mazwe izihlahla ze-beech zikhula.

Indawo yayo ingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-8.1 kuphela. I-Km, abantu bangabantu abangu-904 abayizinkulungwane. I-West yesifunda ihlala emathafeni aseCarpathia kuze kube yi-1500 metres high. UMfula iDniester uhlukanisa isifunda sibe izingxenye ezimbili.

Isikhungo sokuphatha saseBukovina - Chernivtsi, esitholakala emfuleni iPutut. Leli dolobha libhekwa njengesikhungo samasiko eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, izibalo ezidumile zamasiko amaningi ezizwe zenza ukuphila kwazo kuwo.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kokuhlala kwedolobha laseTsetsin (i-Chernivtsi yosuku lwanamuhla) libuyela emuva ekhulwini le-14. Idolobha lalisendaweni yezokuhweba futhi laliyaziwa ngama-fairs. Ngemva kokuthunjwa kweMoldova ngoMbuso Wase-Ottoman, kwaba khona ukwahlukana komhlaba ezweni lamaKristu namaSulumane. Emakhulwini e-XVI-XVIII. Idolobha lalihlala libhujiswa. Isikhathi esisha saseBukovina saqala kuphela ngemva kokungena ngo-1775 eMbusweni wase-Austro-Hungarian. Izakhiwo zokwakha ezitaladini zomuzi zisakhumbuza ngaleso sikhathi.

Isigaba 7. Isifunda esikhulu kunawo wonke esifundazweni

Insimu eyinhloko yesifunda sase-Odessa isendaweni yaseNtshonalanga yeLwandle, enyakatho yizintaba ezingaphansi kwePodolsky Upland, kanti izingxenye ezisempumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga zihlanjululwa yiLwandle OluMnyama. Ngasentshonalanga, lesi sifundazwe sinqamula iMoldova, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - neRomania, enyakatho - nezindawo zaseVinnytsia naseKrovograd, nasempumalanga - noNikolayevskaya.

Indaba yokuthi iyiphi indawo yase-Ukraine bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngale ndawo. Kunemifula engaba ngu-200, nakuba iningi layo limile ehlobo. Amakhulu asetshenziselwa ukuhamba, ukuchelela kanye nokudala iziteshi zamandla kagesi (Dniester, Danube). Ezindaweni ezisogwini kunezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti. Izindawo ezinkulu zihlanganisa okulandelayo: Kuyalniki, Dniester, njll.

Isimo sezulu siyindawo ehlala enyakatho, ihlobo liyakushisa, kanti ubusika bubumnene futhi kuncane iqhwa. Eningizimu yezwe isuke kuncike emoyeni onamandla, imimoya eyomile nesomiso.

Isigaba 8. IDonetsk - isifunda esinabantu abaningi kakhulu

Isakhiwo seDonetsk sifaka izifunda ezingu-18. Endaweni yama-25.6,000 square meters. Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-5 bahlala. Ngesikwele esingu-1. I-Km ngabantu abangu-173.4, abangaphezu kwesibalo sabantu emiphakathini yase-Kiev nase-Odessa. Isikhungo sesifunda yisidolobha saseDonetsk. Lena yimboni enkulu kunazo zonke ezimbonini e-Ukraine, lapho kubonakala khona amabhizinisi amakhulu namaminerali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifunda sinemibono yaso. Esigodini sase-Artemovsky kukhona imithi yasawoti eyaziwa kakhulu, nasesifundazweni saseSlavyansk - i-arboretum enkulu kakhulu. Lapha umi i-Monastery yeSvyatogorsky.