Ubishi ku kahle: ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze?

Ubishi ku kahle ngokuvamile engenayo ngokungazelelwe, ngakho ukusebenza ukuze silwe kubalulekile ukuba afeze ngokushesha. Uma izozama udlulele ukutadisha izici inhlabathi kusayithi ke uma kungavela lezimanga okunjalo, lapho yokumba wenziwa esigabeni sokuqala nemisebenzi Geological awazange kwenziwe, ukucabanga indlela ukuphuma kulesi simo, kubalulekile kuyo leyo ndawo. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele ufunde ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukukhiqiza ngcono umthombo wamanzi emhlabathini nzima, futhi lokho ongakhetha lekusasa ukuphi. Kubalulekile ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendlela kokuba ihlanze kahle kusukela odakeni, uma amazinga aphansi waqala daka.

Nasi esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila

A uphawu lokuthi ukuvuselelwa emithonjeni uvele odakeni, kuyinto ukufika obomvu amanzi anodaka, eza isampuli inhlabathi. Quicksand zingase zishintshe kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi saturation uketshezi. Abakwazi ukuhlangabezana izakhi ngabanye wokhuni oluqinile, kanye isihlabathi amahlule eziye kwangenza. Basuke ngaso sonke isikhathi yisiphazamiso, akhululeke, zingasuswa noma bacindezelwe. esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila okunjalo lapho kumbiwa umthombo kungadala izinkinga eziningi, ikakhulukazi maqondana imanuwali yokwemba.

Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu isithiyo kwenza umsebenzi okunye engenakwenzeka. Kukhona futhi quicksands ezincane, lapho ukujula ingeqi 3 m. Uma inhlabathi is hhayi kakhulu thinned, bese uhlola ibanga efanayo akunankinga, kungako kumele isetshenziswe amabhokisi ishidi inqwaba bulkhead. Uma ungazi isimo nokujula of esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila, kungaba esimweni esinzima, ke ungaboniswa kanje. Ngemva ikhefu emhlabathini ngasekhanda 12 metres kungatholakala ukuthi okwami egcwele ngempela ngokushesha ngamanzi. Bambe ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ngeke kwenzeke futhi iyingozi, futhi naphezu kwemizamo ngichithe, umsebenzi kufanele wayeka.

Siyasuka egodini esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila ngokuqapha esiphezulu, njengoba kumbiwa ukucindezeleka eyashayisa esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila, kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukudlula ngamasentimitha ambalwa kubalulekile ukususa inqwaba amabhakede okusamanzi ezingcolile, okuyinto eza kaningi.

Indlela yokugwema izinkinga

Ukuze abhekane Imiphumela omubi lapho esezenziwe be ngaphumeleli kufanele ucwaningo Geological ukuthi sikwazi ukuqondisisa ukuthi uhlobo umhlabathi isayithi. Indlela elula, uma kukhona kahle insimu engumakhelwane. abanikazi yakhe Kufanele ucele mayelana nokuba khona izinkinga yokusebenza odakeni olujulile. Uma abanikazi njalo bahlanza kahle, kodwa amanzi namanje uhlala Murky, ungaqiniseka ukuthi esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila iseduze.

izimpawu esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila

Ngaphambi ekuxazululeni impikiswano indlela ukuya emgodini odakeni, udinga bajwayelane isimo. Quicksand - ungqimba zenhlabathi, esibonakala by izici ezithile, kuba isisekelo - lena isihlabathi enhlabathini ekahle nge inclusions organic inclusions Sludge. Zonke izinto libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphezulu umswakama, encishisiwe nokubumbana phakathi zesandulela isihlabathi nobumba. mass Floating ibekwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphakathi komgodi enhlabathini. Lapho ephazamisekile, lokhu esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila ephaketheni iqala ukungena emgodini igodi futhi igcwalise isikhala ezikhona.

serekhodi

Quicksand kule kahle akazange wafunda ngaphambi kokuphela nemvelo, ngakho ukubikezela ivela khona akunakwenzeka njalo. Ngokuvamile, lezi interlayers ungahlangana ezinye aquifers, kuhambisana izinkinga ezithile ukuqaliswa earthworks. Ubunzima main e pitting inhlabathi iba ukungabi khona ukulawula ngokuziphatha kwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi kabi axhunyiwe ngeke kancane kancane ukugcwalisa inkatho ngemba, emasontweni ambalwa kuyodingeka ucabange indlela ukuqeda esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila kule kahle.

Ekhuluma

Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuhlomisa imithombo yamanzi phansi elintantayo, njengoba kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuthi uqambe akunakwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kumbiwa uzobe inkimbinkimbi, kufanele umbe ezisheshayo, uzama ukunqoba emashumini ambalwa amasentimitha ukuza nenqwaba esihlabathini ezimanzi. Phela, okuwukuphela kwendlela ungakwazi ukhuphule ukhonkolo ukukhiya indandatho. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngisho noma izindonga evikelwe we silting kahle uyaqhubeka, lokho kuyoholela izindleko ezengeziwe yokuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile yamanzi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi kumele kuhambisane odakeni e ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha. Uma namanje akuzange kuwumise isexwayiso, kuzomele uzijwayeze ubuchwepheshe kudlule kanjani esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila lapho kumbiwa umthombo. Ukuze umsebenzi kudingekile ukwenza inkatho, okuyinto udonga amabhodi noma amapulangwe. Lo msuka kufanele abe namandla, ngoba lapho uzokwazi ukuba ibhekane ukusebenza amaningi. A push-inhlabathi engxenyeni phansi ulimi kufanele afake izicathulo sensimbi, okuyinto has a elidlula. Ngokushesha bazokwazi ukufinyelela ingxenye esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila azungezwe we kahle kufanele afakwe ulimi ezine futhi sijulise ukuba 40 cm. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi udinga lokushaya ulimi eduze izindonga, usebenzisa bob yomthofu wokumisa.

Izincomo umsebenzi

Uma esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila kule kahle asavela, kufanele ukhethe inhlabathi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze adalule onqenqemeni engezansi yolimi akuvunyelwe. Uma kungenjalo, ngoba uyobe flow ngaphansi isihlabathi waphuzisa. Manipulation ngenhla kufanele ziphindwe uma nje ngeke kube khona bakwazi ukunqoba zonke esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila futhi ufinyelele umkhathizwe eliqinile. Le nqubo ubhekwa kakhulu isikhathi ukudliwa, kodwa kulokhu kahle bazokwazi ukwakha bebodwa, ngaphandle kosizo ochwepheshe abasebenzisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza.

Esinye isixazululo

Uma uqaphela esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila kule kahle, yini okufanele uyenze, ngempela kudingeka zixazululwe. I izincomo ngezansi akakwazi ngokuthi ephelele, kodwa ingenye amasu asetshenziswa namuhla. Phansi kahle kufanele angabekwa, futhi enye ingxenye APC ukuhlomisa kahle, okumele sifinyelele emkhathizwe eliqinile. Kufanele yokuqinisa bezinhlamvu, elizoquketha esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila. Lapho umsebenzi kuyodingeka usebenzise isisefo samanzi eliphezulu for the kahle, okuyinto efakwe ezansi, emhlabeni azungezwe kufanele kwenziwe amatshe backfill, lapho Ubumba wanezela. Uma kwakuba khona isihlabathi egodini odakeni, isinyathelo esilandelayo odongeni zokugcina kumele kuciniswe wokwakha, okukanye izenzo ethela ukhonkolo phakathi formwork. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ushona le caisson siyofeza nokunye okwengeziwe lapho ungafaka imishini ephakamisa.

Izindleko lobu buchwepheshe ingaphezu kwe uma wazinza kahle abavamile, ngaphezu, bulukhuni ngezinye izikhathi sikhohlwe amakhosi yangasese. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphatha ukuthola umthombo qualitatively ngcono yamanzi, okuzokwenza ukukunikeza amanzi ngesilinganiso esifanele.

Ukulwa esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila ku sump okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi

Uma kwakuba khona esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila kule kahle, yini okufanele uyenze, kufanele unqume. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuze kuphakama izinkinga ezifanayo ne kakade esebenza isikhathi esithile umthombo wamanzi. Kulokhu, ungakwazi kuphela ukunciphisa imiphumela engemihle, ngoba balahle ungqimba isihlabathi uzobe bazithela cishe kungenakwenzeka. Indlela ezingabizi kakhulu ukubhekana esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila kuyinto shpuntovka kanye ilungiselelo phansi, yokugcina eyenziwe izingodo aspen. Ekuqaleni, isihlangu kufanele eqoqwe kusukela block ahlukene izinkuni kokuba ububanzi 20 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ibhodi obukhulu. Isihlangu Ubukhulu kumele ibe ngendlela yekutsi onqenqemeni budlulela ngale kwangaphakathi ngombala iphaneli nhlangothi zombili 10 cm. With umthamo ezanele yamanzi kufanele libekwe phezu amatshe isihlangu amatshe, okuyinto ungqimba ukushuba kufanele kube 1 m noma ngaphansi. Uma sisebenzisa lawo mathuluzi, bazokwazi ukuvikela Ezansi isitsha ngobumba isihlabathi, bese ubeka edonsa amanzi kuyoba uketshezi oluhlanzekile.

Kunconywe ukusetshenziswa igcwele esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila

Uma kukhona odakeni in the kahle, khona-ke kufanele alandele imithetho ethile yokusebenza izikhungo ezinjengalezi. Ukuze kanye it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe amanzi ngobuningi. Lokhu kungaba ngcono sedimentation ngenxa omiswe engalingani ogelezayo nokumanzisa ebusweni udonga. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kufanele kube wekulihlanta ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthi kwenzekeni siltation. Uma kungenzeka kufanele olusha isihlungi phansi imithombo ngonyaka.

isiphetho

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi ilungiselelo kahle kumele kwenziwe imishini ngokuhlola, kungenziwa ngisho bebodwa. Yini ingasetshenziswa sokuprakthiza okuzenzela noma mini-isitshalo. Kokubuka kube okungenani 20 m, futhi uhlobo umhlabathi esikhiphekayo ungabona lapho ithuluzi engena ingaphakathi odakeni.